Апенинско полуострво
42° 00′ N 14° 00′ E / 42.000° С; 14.000° И
Апенинско полуострво или Италијанско полуострво је једно од три полуострва у јужној Европи. Протеже се дужини од око 1.000 km од долине реке По на северу до Средоземног мора на југу. Полуострво има карактеристичан облик чизме, формиран од мањих полуострва Калабрије, Салента и Гаргана.
Скоро цело полуострво је у саставу Италије, иако се на полуострву налазе двије мини-државе - Сан Марино и Ватикан. На западној страни полуострва су Лигурско и Тиренско море, на јужној је Јонско море, а на источној Јадранско море. Унутар полуострва се налазе Апенинске планине (Апенини), по којима је полуострво и добило име. На Апенинском полуострву, близу Напуљског залива, налази се Везув, једини активни вулкан у копненом делу Европе.
Карактеристике
[уреди | уреди извор]Минимални обим
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У општем дискурсу, „Италија” и „Италијанско полуострво” се често користе као синоними. Међутим, Падска низија[1][2][3] може бити искључена из италијанског полуострва. У том смислу, италијанско полуострво обухвата само око 44% укупне површине Италије. С друге стране, Сицилија и друга мања острва са полуострва могу бити географски груписана заједно са њом.
Географски, минимални опсег италијанског полуострва се састоји од земље јужно од линије која се протеже од реке Магра[4][5][6] до рекe Рубикон,[7][8] северно од тосканско-емилианских Апенина. Искључује долину Пoа и јужне падине Алпа.[9][10] Италијанско полуострво има једини активни вулкан у континенталној Европи, Везув.[11]
Све ове територије леже унутар Републике Италије осим микродржава Сан Марина и Ватикана:
| Земља/ Територија |
Површина полуострва | Опис | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Становништво[12] | km² | sq mi | Удео | ||
 Италија
|
26,140,000 | 131.275 | 50.686 | 99.9531% | Ефективно цело полуострво |
 Сан Марино
|
31,887 | 61,2 | 23,6 | 0.0466% | Централно-источна енклава полуострва Италије |
 Ватикан
|
829 | 0,44 | 0,17 | 0.0003% | Енклава Рима, Италија |
Клима
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Полуострво лежи између Тиренског мора на западу, Јонског мора на југу и Јадранског мора на истоку.
Полуострво има углавном медитеранску климу, мада је у планинским деловима клима знатно хладнија. Његова природна вегетација обухвата макију дуж обала и листопадне и мешовите листопадне четинарске шуме у унутрашњости.
Види још
[уреди | уреди извор]Референце
[уреди | уреди извор]- ^ „FACT SHEET: Po River Basin” (PDF).
- ^ „The Po Basin Water Board, Italy”. CABRI-Volga. Архивирано из оригинала 06. 08. 2020. г. Приступљено 4. 6. 2009.
- ^ „Po”. United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - Europe. Архивирано из оригинала 1. 8. 2009. г. Приступљено 4. 6. 2009.
- ^ „Rete Natura 2000” (на језику: Italian и енглески).
- ^ „SIC e ZPS in Liguria » La Spezia » Parco della Magra - Vara” (на језику: Italian и енглески).
- ^ „La Biblioteca dell’Ente Parco di Montemarcello-Magra” (на језику: Italian). Архивирано из оригинала 30. 7. 2021. г.
- ^ „Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia”. www.dizionario.rai.it. Архивирано из оригинала 07. 11. 2017. г. Приступљено 29. 03. 2023.
- ^ Pearce, M., R. Peretto, P. Tozzi, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (15. 11. 2020). „Places: 393484 (Rubico fl.)”. Pleiades. Приступљено 8. 3. 2012.
- ^ De Agostini Ed (2004). L'Enciclopedia Geografica – Vol. I - Italia., p. 78.
- ^ Touring Club Italiano (1957). Conosci l'Italia – Vol. I: L'Italia fisica..
- ^ „Mount Vesuvius, Italy: Map, Facts, Eruption Pictures, Pompeii”.
- ^ Population includes only the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula (excluding Northern Italy and Insular Italy (Sicily and Sardinia)).
Литература
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Спољашње везе
[уреди | уреди извор]
Медији везани за чланак Апенинско полуострво на Викимедијиној остави- „Ligurian Apennine”. Summit Post. 2006. Приступљено 16. 2. 2010.
- „Italian Cultural Landscapes: wood-pasture and wood-meadow in the Ligurian-Tuscan-Aemilian Apennines, Italy”. The ECL project. Архивирано из оригинала 17. 9. 2007. г. Приступљено 16. 2. 2010.
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- „10th Mountain Division – The Formative World War II Years”. Dartmouth College Class of 1965. 2008. Приступљено 16. 2. 2010.
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