Palata
Palata je rezidencijalni objekat luksuznog tipa u kome obično žive pripadnici aristokratije, najčešće vladarske porodice, ili dom šefa države ili nekog drugog visokog dostojanstvenika, poput episkopa ili arhiepiskopa.[1] Reč je izvedena iz latinskog naziva palātium, za brdo Palatine u Rimu na kome su bile smeštene carske rezidencije.[1] Većina evropskih jezika ima verziju ovog izraza (palais, palazzo, palacio, itd), i mnogi ga koriste za širi spektar zgrada nego engleski jezik. U mnogim delovima Evrope, ekvivalentni izraz se takođe primenjuje na velike privatne kuće u gradovima, posebno aristokratije; često se izraz za veliku seosku kuću razlikuje. Mnoge istorijske palate sada se koriste za druge namene, kao što su parlamenti, muzeji, hoteli ili poslovne zgrade. Ova reč se ponekad koristi i za opisivanje raskošno ukrašene zgrade koja se koristi za javnu zabavu ili izložbe,[1] poput filmske palate.
Drevne palate
[uredi | uredi izvor]Među rane antičke palate spadaju asirske palate u Nimrudu i Ninivi, minojska palata u Knososu i persijske palate u Persepolju i Suzi.[2] Palate u istočnoj Aziji, kao što su carske palate Japana, Koreje, Vijetnama, Tajlanda, Indonezije i velike drvene konstrukcije u kineskom Zabranjenom gradu, sastoje se od mnogih niskih paviljona okruženih prostranim, ograđenim vrtovima, za razliku od palata sa jednom zgradom srednjovekovne Zapadne Evrope.[2] Palate su takođe gradila postklasična afrička kraljevstva poput carstva Ašanti.[3] Pre nego što su je Britanci uništili, Asantehensku palatu u današnjoj Gani, ona je bila opisana su zapisima Tomasa Edvarda Boudiča i Vinvuda Rida kao „ogromnu zgradu od raznih podužih dvorova i pravilnih trgova”.[4]
Istorija palata i termin
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reč a palata je iz francuske reči i latinskog imena za naziv jednog brežuljka na kojem je stajao stari Rim gde su stanovali bogataši i neki od rimskih careva. Kasnije je palata značila stambeni deo grada. U srednjem veku su plemstvo i vladari bili nastanjeni u zamkovima koji su bili utvrđeni raznim sistemima utvrda kako zidinama tako i utvrdama ali su kada je nastalo doba u kojem je bila osigurana sigurnost na celom području nastanjivali luksuznije objekte kod kojih nisu bile tako važna utvrđenja i obezbeđenja kao što su bile palate a ne više zamkovi koji su bili utvrđeni već građevine koje su bile opremljenije za stanovanje nego za odbranu i koje su imale često u svom sklopu i opremljeni eksterijer sa parkovskim prostorima kao i fontanama i vodoskocima i ako su u gradovima palate još uvek i utvrđeni objekti. Kada je u 19. veku značaj plemstva oslabio, palatama su se nazivale građevine koje su javne, kao i veliki privredni objekti.
Palate i privreda
[uredi | uredi izvor]Palate su danas veliki stambeni kompleksi gde su stanovali vladari, kao palata u Ninivi, Vavilonska palata. Veliki vladarski objekti su imali i poseban red u skupljanju dažbina, kao i njihovu evidenciju koje se zovu privredne palate. U relativno siromašnoj srednjoj Evropi u palatnim privredama carskih dvorova se pokazala neizbežnost pravilne seobe.
Vidi još
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ a b v American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th izd.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. ISBN 0-618-08230-1.
- ^ a b Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. 2000. ISBN 0-87779-017-5.
- ^ The Monthly Review, Or, Literary Journal. 1819. str. 291.
- ^ Bowdich, Thomas Edward (1819). „Mission from the Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee”. The Monthly Review. sv. XC. London: J. Porter. str. 291.
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Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]- „Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork”. UNESCO. Pristupljeno 2009-10-16.