Турницидае

Turnicidae
	Turnix melanogaster
Научна класификација
Домен:	Eukaryota
Царство:	Animalia
Тип:	Chordata
Класа:	Aves
Ред:	Charadriiformes
Породица:	Turnicidae; Gray, 1840
Родови
	Turnix; Ortyxelos;
	Распрострањеност Turnicidae

Препеличарке (лат.Turnicidae) представљају породицу птица који садржи само два рода и петнаест врста.

Опис

То су мале, збијене птице које настањују тло, а живе у тропским и суптропским подручјима Старог света. Имају кратка и заокружена крила и крећу се само ретким и кратким летовима. На ногама имају само по два прста. Сивосмеђе перје нешто већих женки је светлије него код мужјака. На јајима лежи само мужјак, а и сву бригу о младунцима води само он. Јаја се излегну након 12 до 13 дана, а младунци могу да лете у року од 2 недеље од излегања.^[1]

Таксономија

Турнициди су традиционално смештане у Gruiformes^[2] или Galliformes^[3]^[4] (редове ждралова и фазана). Таксономија Сибли-Алквиста их је уздигла до редног статуса Turniciformes и базалних у друге Neoaves или зато што је њихова убрзана стопа молекуларне еволуције премашила границе осетљивости ДНК-ДНК хибридизације или зато што аутори нису извршили одговарајућа поређења у пару или обоје. Морфолошки, ДНК-ДНК хибридизација и подаци о секвенци указују на то да турнициди исправно припадају приморским птицама (Charadriiformes).^[5]^[6]^[7]

Врсте

Породица Turnicidae:

род Ortyxelos:
- Ortyxelos meiffrenii
род Turnix:
- Turnix suscitator
- Turnix varia
- Turnix maculosa
- Turnix sylvatica
- Turnix ocellata
- Turnix pyrrhothorax
- Turnix tanki
- Turnix castanota
- Turnix hottentotta
- Turnix melanogaster
- Turnix nigricollis
- Turnix everetti
- Turnix worcesteri
- Turnix velox

Подврсте

Turnix maculosus beccarii Salvadori, 1875
Turnix maculosus floresianus Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus furvus Parkes, 1949
Turnix maculosus giluwensis Sims, 1954
Turnix maculosus horsbrughi Ingram, 1909
Turnix maculosus kinneari Neumann, 1939
Turnix maculosus maculosus (Temminck, 1815)
Turnix maculosus mayri Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus melanotus (Gould, 1837)
Turnix maculosus obiensis Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus salomonis Mayr, 1938
Turnix maculosus saturatus W. A. Forbes, 1882
Turnix maculosus savuensis Sutter, 1955
Turnix maculosus sumbanus Sutter, 1955
Turnix ocellatus benguetensis Parkes, 1968
Turnix ocellatus ocellatus (Scopoli, 1786)
Turnix suscitator atrogularis (Eyton, 1839)
Turnix suscitator bengalensis Blyth, 1852
Turnix suscitator blakistoni (Swinhoe, 1871)
Turnix suscitator fasciatus (Temminck, 1815)
Turnix suscitator haynaldi W. Blasius, 1888
Turnix suscitator interrumpens Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928
Turnix suscitator leggei E. C. S. Baker, 1920
Turnix suscitator nigrescens Tweeddale, 1878
Turnix suscitator okinavensis A. R. Phillips, 1947
Turnix suscitator pallescens Robinson & E. C. S. Baker, 1928
Turnix suscitator plumbipes (Hodgson, 1837)
Turnix suscitator powelli Guillemard, 1885
Turnix suscitator rostratus Swinhoe, 1865
Turnix suscitator rufilatus Wallace, 1865
Turnix suscitator suscitator (Gmelin, 1789)
Turnix suscitator taigoor (Sykes, 1832)
Turnix suscitator thai Deignan, 1946
Turnix sylvaticus bartelsorum Neumann, 1929
Turnix sylvaticus celestinoi McGregor, 1907
Turnix sylvaticus davidi Delacour & Jabouille, 1930
Turnix sylvaticus dussumier (Temminck, 1828)
Turnix sylvaticus lepurana (A. Smith, 1836)
Turnix sylvaticus nigrorum duPont, 1976
Turnix sylvaticus suluensis Mearns, 1905
Turnix sylvaticus sylvaticus (Desfontaines, 1789)
Turnix sylvaticus whiteheadi Ogilvie-Grant, 1897
Turnix tanki blanfordii Blyth, 1863
Turnix tanki tanki Blyth, 1843
Turnix varius novaecaledonia Ogilvie-Grant, 1889
Turnix varius scintillans (Gould, 1845)
[[Turnix varius varius (Latham, 1802)

Галерија

Препаскова трипрстка (Turnix suscitator)
Афричка трипрстка (Turnix sylvatica)
Обојена трипрстка (Turnix varia)
Црвеногруда трипрстка (Turnix pyrrhothorax)

Референце

^ Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ур. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. стр. 101. 1-85391-186-0.
^ Fain, M. G.; Krajewski, C.; Houde, P. (2007). „Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 515—529. PMID 17419074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2008-10-13. г.
^ Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). „Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements”. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1 .
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ур. (јул 2021). „Pheasants, partridges, francolins”. IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Приступљено 23. 11. 2021.
^ Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). „RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268—78. PMID 13678682. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.
^ Fain, Matthew G.; Houde, Peter (2004). „Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds” (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558—73. PMID 15612298. doi:10.1554/04-235. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-04-07. г.
^ Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). „Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657—67. PMID 16531074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011.

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Спољашње везе

Buttonquail videos on the Internet Bird Collection

[EoB-1] Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ур. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. стр. 101. 1-85391-186-0.

[2] Fain, M. G.; Krajewski, C.; Houde, P. (2007). „Phylogeny of 'core Gruiformes' (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin-Sungrebe problem” (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 515—529. PMID 17419074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.015. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2008-10-13. г.

[3] Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). „Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements”. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1 .

[ioc-4] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, ур. (јул 2021). „Pheasants, partridges, francolins”. IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Приступљено 23. 11. 2021.

[5] Paton TA, Baker AJ, Groth JG, Barrowclough GF (2003). „RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 268—78. PMID 13678682. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.

[6] Fain, Matthew G.; Houde, Peter (2004). „Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds” (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558—73. PMID 15612298. doi:10.1554/04-235. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2013-04-07. г.

[Paton06-7] Paton TA, Baker AJ (2006). „Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 657—67. PMID 16531074. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011.

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