Flutura
Flutura | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Cairns Birdwing, Flutura më e madhe në Australi (Melbourne Zoo). | |
Klasifikimi shkencor | |
Mbretëria: | |
Filumi: | |
Klasa: | |
Rendi: | |
Pa klasifikuar: | Rhopalocera
|
Subgroups | |
|
Flutura është insekt i rendit lepidoptera. Flutur, është emërtim i përgjithshëm për disa lloje kandrash fluturuese, me katër krahë të mbuluar me luspa të imëta si pluhur, me ngjyra të ndryshme, me feçkë e brirthë për të thithur dhe për të ndier, disa prej të cilave dëmtojnë bimët.
Shtimi
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Një flutur shumohet me vezë. Kur një flutur femër çiftezohet i lëshon vezët mbi një pemë dhe ngordh. Prej vezës del një qënie që quhet vemje.
Larvat
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Fluturat e fillojnë jetën si larva (vemje të spërdredhura të cilat lindin nga vezët). Larvat hanë shumë gjethe dhe kur arrijnë madhësinë e duhur, ngjiten pas degëve. Ato formojnë guaska të forta të quajtura krizalida. Brenda krizalidës, larva shndërrohet në flutur. Kur flutura formohet plotësisht, ajo del nga krizalida.
Morfologjia e jashtme
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Polimorfizmi
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Mimikri
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Polifenizmi sezonal
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Sjelljet
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Shumica e tyre jane të mira me njerëzit prandaj dhe njerëzit me to.
Nita
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Mbrojtja
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Kur nuk është mbrojtur nga kafshët e tjera kthehet në formën e kokës së një gjarpri dhe shkon në një degë. Në këtë mënyrë dega është trupi i gjarprit ndërsa flutura është koka. Kafshët e tjera frikësohen nga flutura vetëm në atë menyrë.
Lloje të njohura jane
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Në botë jetojnë nga 15,000 deri më 20,000 lloje të ndryshme fluturash. Disa nga llojet më të njohura janë:
- Swallowtails and Birdwings, Familja Papilionidae
- Common Yellow Swallowtail, Papilio machaon
- Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus
- Lime Butterfly, Papilio demoleus
- Ornithoptera genus (Birdwings; the largest butterflies)
- Whites or Yellows, Family Pieridae
- Small White, Pieris rapae
- Green-veined White, Pieris napi
- Common Jezebel, Delias eucharis
- Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, Familja Lycaenidae
- Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces
- Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis
- Red Pierrot, Talicada nyseus
- Metalmark butterflies, Familja Riodinidae
- Lange's Metalmark Butterfly
- Plum Judy, Abisara echerius
- Brush-footed butterflies, Familja Nymphalidae
- Painted Lady, or Cosmopolite, Vanessa cardui
- Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus
- Morpho genus
- Speckled Wood, Pararge aegeria
Në kulturë
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Art
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Simbolika
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Foto galeria
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Familja Papilionidae
-
Emerald Swallowtail (Papilio palinurus), Metro Toronto Zoo
-
Scarce Swallowtail,
Iphiclides podalirius. -
Palawan Birdwing,
Troides trojana. -
Blue Mormon,
Papilio polymnestor. -
Crimson Rose,
Pachliopta hector. -
Pipevine Swallowtail,
Battus philenor. -
Common Mime,
Chilasa clytia. -
Blue Mormon,
Papilio polymnestor.
Familja Pieridae
-
Green-veined White,
Pieris napi. -
The Orange Tip,
Anthocharis cardamines. -
Common Jezebel,
Delias eucharis. -
Common Brimstone,
Gonepteryx rhamni.
Familja Riodinidae
-
Punchinello,
Zemeros flegyas -
Tailed Judy,
Abisara neophron
Familja Nymphalidae
-
Monarch Butterfly,
Danaus plexippus -
Morpho rhetenor helena a morphine from
South America. -
Julia Heliconian,
Dryas julia. -
Glasswing butterfly,
Greta oto. -
Peacock Butterfly,
Inachis io. -
Comma Butterfly,
Polygonia c-album. -
Crimson Patch,
Chlosyne janais.
Familja Lycaenidae
-
Red Pierrot,
Talicada nyseus. -
Small Copper,
Lycaena phlaeas. -
Monkey Puzzle,
Rathinda amor. -
Banded Blue Pierrot,
Discolampa ethion.
Familja Hesperiidae
-
Fiery Skipper
Hylephila phyleus
Shih edhe
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Referimet
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Literaturë tjetër
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]- Boggs, C., Watt, W., Ehrlich, P. 2003. Butterflies: Evolution and Ecology Taking Flight. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Heppner, J. B. 1998. Classification of Lepidoptera. Holarctic Lepidoptera, Suppl. 1. - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Pyle, R. M. 1992. Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. Houghton Mifflin. First published, 1984. ISBN 0-395-61629-8 - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Nemos, F. ca. 1895. Europas bekannteste Schmetterlinge. Beschreibung der wichtigsten Arten und Anleitung zur Kenntnis und zum Sammeln der Schmetterlinge und Raupen Oestergaard Verlag, Berlin, (pdf 77MB) - Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Literaturë me lista fluturash
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lepidoptera_001.jpg/250px-Lepidoptera_001.jpg)
- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of North America, Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies through Binoculars: The East, Jeffrey Glassberg (1999)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies through Binoculars: The West, Jeffrey Glassberg (2001)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies, Paul Opler (1994)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- A Field Guide to Western Butterflies, Paul Opler (1999)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Peterson First Guide to Butterflies and Moths, Paul Opler (1994)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Las Mariposas de Machu Picchu by Gerardo Lamas (2003)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland by Jim Asher (Editor), et al.- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland by Richard Lewington- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Britain and Europe (Collins Wildlife Trust Guides) by Michael Chinery- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Europe by Tom Tolman and Richard Lewington (2001)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Europe New Field Guide and Key by Tristan Lafranchis (2004)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Field Guide to Butterlies of South Africa by Steve Woodhall (2005)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History by Meena Haribal (1994).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Peninsular India by Krushnamegh Kunte, Universities Press (2005).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of the Indian Region by Col M. A. Wynter-Blyth, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India (1957).- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- A Guide to Common Butterflies of Singapore by Steven Neo Say Hian (Singapore Science Centre)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of West Malaysia and Singapore by W.A.Fleming. (Longman Malaysia)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula by A.S. Corbet and H. M. Pendlebury. (The Malayan Nature Society)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Lidhje të jashtme
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]Lidhje të përgjithëshme
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]- Papilionoidea on the Tree of Life Web project Arkivuar 11 dhjetor 2008 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Lista regjionale fluturash
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]- Collodi Butterfly House Tuscany- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies and Moths of North America- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- North American Butterfly Association (NABA)- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies and Moths in the Netherlands- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Insect and butterfly diversity of Pakistan- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Southern India Arkivuar 18 dhjetor 2008 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Sri Lanka- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Singapore- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Israel Insect World Arkivuar 22 tetor 2022 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Singapore Butterfly Checklist- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterfly Conservation Society of Taiwan- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Morocco- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Indo-China Chiefly Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Southeastern Sulawesi- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Thailand- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of Mexico- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
Foto/Filma
[Redakto | Redakto nëpërmjet kodit]- BugGuide.net Many images of North American butterflies, many licensed via Creative Commons- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterfly of Brazil- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Reference quality large format photographs, common butterflies of North America- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Gallery of Florida Butterflies and Moths- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterfly Picture Gallery- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Photographs of most of the Butterflies in Southern California- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterflies of France- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- Butterfly Movies (Tree of Life) Arkivuar 20 janar 2009 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- 1000+ photos of Massachusetts butterflies[lidhje e vdekur]- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.
- European butterfly pictures - common names and wildlife photography Arkivuar 7 shkurt 2009 tek Wayback Machine- Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.