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First Kashmir War

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars, Kashmir conflict, and the Partition of India

Indian soldiers during the 1947–1948 war
DateOctober 1947 – 1 January 1949
(1 year and 10 weeks)
Location
Jammu and Kashmir
Result See Aftermath section
Territorial
changes		 One-third of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder.[12][13]
Belligerents

India India

Pakistan Pakistan

Commanders and leaders
Lord Mountbatten
India Jawaharlal Nehru
British Raj Rob Lockhart[14]
British Raj Roy Bucher[14]
India K. M. Cariappa[14]
Hari Singh
Mehr Chand Mahajan
Sheikh Abdullah		 Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Liaquat Ali Khan
British Raj Frank Messervy[14]
British Raj Douglas Gracey[14]
Pakistan Col. Akbar Khan[15]
Pakistan Khurshid Anwar[16]
Pakistan Zaman Kiani[16]
Pakistan William Brown[4]
Casualties and losses
1,103 army deaths[17][18][19][20]
1,990 J&K forces killed or missing presumed killed[17]
32 RIAF members[17]
3,154 wounded[18][21]

Total military casualties:
6,279		 6,000 killed[21][22][23]
~14,000 wounded[21][24]

Total military casualties:
20,000
Conflict began when Pashtun tribesmen and Tanoli from Pakistan invaded the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, prompting the armies of India and Pakistan to get involved shortly afterwards.

The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War. It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948. The result of the war still affects the geopolitics of both the countries.

References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023.
  2. ↑ Massey 2005, p. 97
  3. ↑ Barua 2005, p. 192
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bangash, Three Forgotten Accessions 2010
  5. ↑ Khanna, K. K. (2015). Art of Generalship. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 158. ISBN 978-93-82652-93-9.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 57.
  7. ↑ Nicholas Burns; Jonathon Price, eds. (2011). American Interests in South Asia: Building a Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Aspen Institute. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-1-61792-400-2.
  8. ↑ Lamb, A. (2002). Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-579770-1.
  9. ↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 49.
  10. ↑ Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice. Hurst Publishers. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-85065-916-7.
  11. ↑ "Furqan Force". Persecution.org. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012.
  12. ↑ Ciment, J.; Hill, K. (2012). Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II. Taylor & Francis. p. 721. ISBN 978-1-136-59614-8. Indian forces won control of most of Kashmir
  13. ↑ "BBC on the 1947–48 war". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014
  15. ↑ Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008, p. 120.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987). Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48 (PDF). History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 379. During the long campaign, the Indian Army lost 76 officers, 31 JCOs and 996 Other Ranks killed, making a total of 1103. The wounded totalled 3152, including 81 officers and 107 JCOs. Apart from these casualties, it appears that the J & K State Forces lost no less than 1990 officers and men killed, died of wounds, or missing presumed killed. The small RIAF lost a total of 32 officers and men who laid down their lives for the nation during these operations. In this roll of honour, there were no less than 9 officers.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Malik, V. P. (2010). Kargil from Surprise to Victory (paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343. ISBN 9789350293133.
  19. ↑ "An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir war, 1947–48", by Bharat Kumar, Centre for Air Power Studies (New Delhi, India)
  20. ↑ Roy, Kaushik (2009). The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-569888-6. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Singh, Maj Gen Jagjit (2000). With Honour & Glory: Wars fought by India 1947–1999. Lancer Publishers. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-81-7062-109-6.
  22. ↑ Sabir Sha (10 October 2014). "Indian military hysteria since 1947". The News International. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
  23. ↑ Krishna, Ashok (1998). India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace. Lancer Publishers. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-897829-47-9.
  24. ↑ By B. Chakravorty, "Stories of Heroism, Volume 1", p. 5
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