Close front unrounded vowel

Close front unrounded vowel
Close front unrounded vowel
i
IPA Number	301
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	i
Unicode (hex)	U+0069
X-SAMPA	i
Braille

IPA: Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä	ɑ ɒ

Vowels beside dots are: unrounded • rounded

The close front unrounded vowel(also called high front unrounded vowel), is a type of vowel. It is an i in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It sounds like the English word meet. It is also called a long-e in American English.^[1] In English this sound has more length then it should and is not usually pronounced as a pure vowel(it is a diphthong).^[2] A pure [i] sound can be heard in languages such as French with words like chic.

In languages

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Afrikaans^[3]		dief	[dif]	'thief'	See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic	Standard^[4]	دين/diin	[d̪iːn]	'religion'	See Arabic phonology
Catalan^[5]		sic	[ˈsik]	'sic'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin^[6]^[7]	七 / qī	[tɕʰi˥]	'seven'	See Standard Chinese phonology
Chuvash		çип	[ɕ̬ip]	'thread'
Czech^[8]^[9]		bílý	[ˈbiːliː]	'white'	See Czech phonology
Dutch^[10]^[11]		biet	[bit]	'beet'	See Dutch phonology
English^[12]	All dialects	free	[fɹiː]	'free'	In certain dialects, it can be pronunced as a diphthong. See English phonology
English^[12]	Australian^[13]	bit	[bit]	'bit'	Also described as near-close front [ɪ̟].^[14] See Australian English phonology
French^[15]^[16]		fini	[fini]	'finished'	See French phonology
German^[17]^[18]		Ziel	[t͡siːl]	'goal'	See Standard German phonology
Greek	Modern Standard^[19]^[20]	κήπος / kípos	[ˈc̠ipo̞s̠]	'garden'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian^[21]		ív	[iːv]	'arch'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian^[22]		bile	[ˈbiːle̞]	'rage'	See Italian phonology
Japanese^[23]		銀/gin	[ɡʲiɴ]	'silver'	See Japanese phonology
Khmer		លទ្ធិ / lôtthĭ	[lattʰiʔ]	'doctrine'	See Khmer phonology
Korean^[24]		아이 / ai	[ɐi]	'child'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish^[25]^[26]	Kurmanji (Northern)	şîr	[ʃiːɾ]	'milk'	See Kurdish phonology
	Sorani (Central)	شیر/šîr
	Palewani (Southern)	شیر/šîr
Lithuanian		vyras	[viːrɐs̪]	'man'	See Lithuanian orthography
Malay	Malaysian Malay	ikut	[i.kʊt]	'to follow'	See Malay phonology
Polish^[27]		miś	[ˈmʲiɕ]	'teddy bear'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese^[28]		fino	[ˈfinu] (help·info)	'thin'	Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by ⟨y⟩. See Portuguese phonology
Romanian^[29]		insulă	[ˈin̪s̪ulə]	'island'	See Romanian phonology
Rungus^[30]		rikot	[ˈri.kot]	'to come'
Russian^[31]		лист/list	[lʲis̪t̪]	'leaf'	Will only be used after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian^[32]		vile	[ʋîle̞]	'hayfork'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Spanish^[33]		tipo	[ˈt̪ipo̞]	'type'	Can be written by ⟨y⟩. See Spanish phonology
Sotho^[34]		ho bitsa	[huˌbit͡sʼɑ̈]	'to call'	Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.^[34] See Sotho phonology
Swedish	Central Standard^[35]^[36]	bli	[bliː]	'to stay'	See Swedish phonology
Thai^[37]		กริช/krit	[krìt]	'dagger'
Turkish^[38]^[39]		ip	[ip]	'rope'	See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian^[40]		місто/misto	['misto]	'city, town'	See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh		es i	[eːs iː]	'I went'	See Welsh phonology
Yoruba^[41]		síbí	[síbí]	'spoon'

Notes

↑ Maddox, Maeve. "DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E"". www.dailywritingtips.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
↑ Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17. ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.
↑ Donaldson (1993), p. 2.
↑ Thelwall (1990), p. 38.
↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 54.
↑ Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
↑ Duanmu (2007), pp. 35–36.
↑ Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
↑ Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), p. 228.
↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.
↑ Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.
↑ Roach (2004), p. 240.
↑ Cox & Palethorpe (2007), p. 344.
↑ Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 65.
↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
↑ Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225.
↑ Hall (2003), pp. 78, 107.
↑ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 34.
↑ Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
↑ Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
↑ Szende (1994), p. 92.
↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 119.
↑ Okada (1999), p. 117.
↑ Lee (1999), p. 121.
↑ Thackston (2006a), p. 1.
↑ Khan & Lescot (1970), pp. 8–16.
↑ Jassem (2003), p. 105.
↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 92.
↑ Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
↑ Forschner, T. A. (December 1994). Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect) (PDF). Kudat. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Jones & Ward (1969), p. 30.
↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
↑ ^34.0 ^34.1 Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.
↑ Engstrand (1999), p. 140.
↑ Riad (2014), p. 21.
↑ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993), p. 24.
↑ Zimmer & Organ (1999), p. 155.
↑ Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 10.
↑ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
↑ Bamgboṣe (1969), p. 166.

References

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[1] Maddox, Maeve. "DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E"". www.dailywritingtips.com. Retrieved July 20, 2014.

[2] Labov, William; Sharon, Ash; Boberg, Charles (2006). The Atlas of North American English. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. chpt. 17. ISBN 978-3-11-016746-7.

[FOOTNOTEDonaldson19932-3] Donaldson (1993), p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-4] Thelwall (1990), p. 38.

[FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-5] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 54.

[FOOTNOTELeeZee2003110-6] Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.

[FOOTNOTEDuanmu200735–36-7] Duanmu (2007), pp. 35–36.

[FOOTNOTEDankovičová199972-8] Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.

[FOOTNOTEŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012228-9] Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), p. 228.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-10] Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2005245-11] Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.

[FOOTNOTERoach2004240-12] Roach (2004), p. 240.

[FOOTNOTECoxPalethorpe2007344-13] Cox & Palethorpe (2007), p. 344.

[FOOTNOTECoxFletcher201765-14] Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 65.

[FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-15] Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225-16] Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225.

[FOOTNOTEHall200378,_107-17] Hall (2003), pp. 78, 107.

[FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201534-18] Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 34.

[FOOTNOTEArvaniti200728-19] Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.

[FOOTNOTETrudgill200981-20] Trudgill (2009), p. 81.

[FOOTNOTESzende199492-21] Szende (1994), p. 92.

[FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119-22] Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-23] Okada (1999), p. 117.

[FOOTNOTELee1999121-24] Lee (1999), p. 121.

[FOOTNOTEThackston2006a1-25] Thackston (2006a), p. 1.

[FOOTNOTEKhanLescot19708–16-26] Khan & Lescot (1970), pp. 8–16.

[FOOTNOTEJassem2003105-27] Jassem (2003), p. 105.

[FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592-28] Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 92.

[FOOTNOTESarlin201418-29] Sarlin (2014), p. 18.

[30] Forschner, T. A. (December 1994). Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect) (PDF). Kudat. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[FOOTNOTEJonesWard196930-31] Jones & Ward (1969), p. 30.

[FOOTNOTELandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić199967-32] Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.

[FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003256-33] Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.

[FOOTNOTEDokeMofokeng1974?-34] 34.0 ^34.1 Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.

[FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-35] Engstrand (1999), p. 140.

[FOOTNOTERiad201421-36] Riad (2014), p. 21.

[FOOTNOTETingsabadhAbramson199324-37] Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993), p. 24.

[FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgan1999155-38] Zimmer & Organ (1999), p. 155.

[FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake200510-39] Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-40] Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.

[FOOTNOTEBamgboṣe1969166-41] Bamgboṣe (1969), p. 166.

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