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* {{cite news |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hksfq6dgjg |title=IDF unveils new evidence of Hamas-Al Jazeera collaboration |date=October 24, 2024}}</ref> outlet ''Al Jazeera'', claimed alleged incidents of Palestinian flags being torn down from random households to have caused the riot.<ref>{{cite news |work=Al Jazeera |title=Israeli football fans clash with protesters in Amsterdam |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/program/newsfeed/2024/11/8/israeli-football-fans-clash-with-protesters-in-amsterdam-2 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref> However, there is no evidence that the victims were the same people responsible for the alleged incidents.<ref name="A" /> In addition, the Amsterdam police have been criticized for insufficient policing to stop the violence.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=The Spectator |title=Amsterdam has failed its Jews |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/amsterdam-has-failed-its-jews |last=Sacerdoti |first=Jonathan |date=November 8, 2024}}</ref>
* {{cite news |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hksfq6dgjg |title=IDF unveils new evidence of Hamas-Al Jazeera collaboration |date=October 24, 2024}}</ref> outlet ''Al Jazeera'', claimed alleged incidents of Palestinian flags being torn down from random households to have caused the riot.<ref>{{cite news |work=Al Jazeera |title=Israeli football fans clash with protesters in Amsterdam |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/program/newsfeed/2024/11/8/israeli-football-fans-clash-with-protesters-in-amsterdam-2 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref> However, there is no evidence that the victims were the same people responsible for the alleged incidents.<ref name="A" /> In addition, the Amsterdam police have been criticized for insufficient policing to stop the violence.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=The Spectator |title=Amsterdam has failed its Jews |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/amsterdam-has-failed-its-jews |last=Sacerdoti |first=Jonathan |date=November 8, 2024}}</ref>
===International===
===International===
====Europe====
====Israel====
Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of [[Israel]], classified the riot as a [[Pogrom|"pogrom"]] comparable to the [[Kristallnacht]] that erupted in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Anschluss|Nazi-occupied Austria]] on 9 November 1938,<ref name="Kristallnacht">
Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of [[Israel]], classified the riot as a [[Pogrom|"pogrom"]] comparable to the [[Kristallnacht]] that erupted in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Anschluss|Nazi-occupied Austria]] on 9 November 1938,<ref name="Kristallnacht">
* {{cite book |chapter=The Kristallnacht as Turning Point: Jewish Reactions to Nazi Policies |title=Western Society After The Holocaust |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429267475-3/kristallnacht-turning-point-jewish-reactions-nazi-policies-yehuda-bauer |last=Bauer |first=Yehuda |year=1984 |publisher=Routledge |edition=1 |isbn=9780429267475 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
* {{cite book |chapter=The Kristallnacht as Turning Point: Jewish Reactions to Nazi Policies |title=Western Society After The Holocaust |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429267475-3/kristallnacht-turning-point-jewish-reactions-nazi-policies-yehuda-bauer |last=Bauer |first=Yehuda |year=1984 |publisher=Routledge |edition=1 |isbn=9780429267475 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
Line 122: Line 122:
* {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=A Wake-Up Call from Amsterdam: November 8th, 2024 |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-wake-up-call-from-amsterdam-november-8th-2024 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
* {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=A Wake-Up Call from Amsterdam: November 8th, 2024 |url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-wake-up-call-from-amsterdam-november-8th-2024 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
* {{cite news |work=Israel Hayom |title=A chilling echo of Kristallnacht: Europe must act now |url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2024/11/08/a-chilling-echo-of-kristallnacht-europe-must-act-now |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
* {{cite news |work=Israel Hayom |title=A chilling echo of Kristallnacht: Europe must act now |url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2024/11/08/a-chilling-echo-of-kristallnacht-europe-must-act-now |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
====European Union====

[[Ursula von der Leyen]], President of the [[European Commission]], emphasized that the riot constituted "vile attacks" and that "[[Antisemitism|antisemitism]] has absolutely no place in Europe."<ref name="A" /><ref name="DW" /> Annalena Baerbock, the [[Germany|German]] Foreign Minister, called the riot "horrific and deeply shameful."<ref name="DW" />
[[Ursula von der Leyen]], President of the [[European Commission]], emphasized that the riot constituted "vile attacks" and that "[[Antisemitism|antisemitism]] has absolutely no place in Europe."<ref name="A" /><ref name="DW" /> Annalena Baerbock, the [[Germany|German]] Foreign Minister, called the riot "horrific and deeply shameful."<ref name="DW" />
====United Kingdom====
====United Kingdom====
Line 135: Line 135:
* {{cite news |work=Haaretz |title=U.S. President Biden and Dutch King Condemn 'Antisemitic' Attack on Israeli Soccer Fans in Amsterdam |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-11-08/ty-article/israeli-soccer-fans-attacked-in-amsterdam-by-assailants-chanting-free-palestine/00000193-0994-de12-adbb-8bf7c8ba0000 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
* {{cite news |work=Haaretz |title=U.S. President Biden and Dutch King Condemn 'Antisemitic' Attack on Israeli Soccer Fans in Amsterdam |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-11-08/ty-article/israeli-soccer-fans-attacked-in-amsterdam-by-assailants-chanting-free-palestine/00000193-0994-de12-adbb-8bf7c8ba0000 |date=November 8, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024}}
* {{cite news |work=Business Standard |title=Echo dark moments in history: Biden condemns Amsterdam attacks on Israelis |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/world-news/echo-dark-moments-in-history-biden-condemns-amsterdam-attacks-on-israelis-124110900041_1.html |date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
* {{cite news |work=Business Standard |title=Echo dark moments in history: Biden condemns Amsterdam attacks on Israelis |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/world-news/echo-dark-moments-in-history-biden-condemns-amsterdam-attacks-on-israelis-124110900041_1.html |date=November 9, 2024}}</ref>
====Palestine====
Sami Abu Zuhri, a Hamas official, considered the riot in Amsterdam as representative of spontaneous repercussions of Israel's continued "massacres" in Gaza that had lacked international interventions.<ref>{{cite news |work=News.Az |title=Hamas links Gaza "massacres" to unrest like in Amsterdam |url=https://news.az/news/hamas-links-gaza-massacres-to-unrest-like-in-amsterdam |date=November 9, 2024 |access-date=November 10, 2024}}</ref>
====Advocacy groups====
====Advocacy groups====
Several [[Mass media|media]] and [[Advocacy|advocacy]] groups compared the riot to the [[Kristallnacht]] that erupted in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Anschluss|Nazi-occupied Austria]] on 9 November 1938,<ref name="Kristallnacht" /> despite differences in severity.<ref name="KC1" /><ref name="KC2" />
Several [[Mass media|media]] and [[Advocacy|advocacy]] groups compared the riot to the [[Kristallnacht]] that erupted in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Anschluss|Nazi-occupied Austria]] on 9 November 1938,<ref name="Kristallnacht" /> despite differences in severity.<ref name="KC1" /><ref name="KC2" />

Revision as of 19:46, 10 November 2024

November 2024 Amsterdam attacks
Amsterdam's Dam Square, where the attacks first began
Date7 November 2024 (2024-11-07)
Location
Amsterdam, Netherlands
MethodsRiots, ambush
Resulted in"Emergency measures" in Amsterdam[1]
Parties to the civil conflict
Pro-Palestinian groups and football attendees
Amsterdam residents[2]
Casualties
Injuries5 hospitalized, 20–30 injured

On 8 November 2024, a series of attacks[3][4] happened in Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, after an UEFA Europa League match between the Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv and AFC Ajax.[3][4]

Events

Hundreds of people, many of whom were Jewish Maccabi fans, were attacked across Amsterdam on 8 November 2024.[5] Some victims were chased with knives, tossed into the canal or run over by vehicles.[6] The Washington Post released a video of a man being chased by rioters outside the Amsterdam Central Station,[7] while the Amsterdam police confirmed that hit-and-run assaults on Israelis occurred across Amsterdam.[8]

Before the attacks, Maccabi fans came into conflict with local Muslims when some of them were accused of taking down Palestinian flags and chanting anti-Arab slogans in civilian quarters.[9]

There are videos of the events. One of these videos shows a victim lying unconscious while being kicked repeatedly by rioters.[10] Another video shows a victim being tossed into the canal and called a kankerjood ("cancer Jew" in Dutch).[10] Rioters were also filmed shouting "Jewish, Jewish, IDF, IDF" when they identified Israelis in public.[10][11]

Aftermath

At least 30 persons were injured, while 62 suspects were arrested.[12] Amid international condemnation, the Amsterdam mayor announced a three-day ban on demonstrations.[13] Riot police were seen patrolling various locations.[13] Of all the arrestees, only four remain in custody,[14] who were charged with assault against an "unknown person" or police.[15] The police called on the public to supply evidence and anyone involved to turn himself or herself in.[15]

As per the Netherland's National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (NCTV), the riot appeared to have been preplanned on Telegram,[16][17] contrary to claims that the riot was caused by Israeli misbehavior. Some Israelis hid in the Holland Casino during the riot, whose internal investigation found one of its security guards to have been active in a relevant Telegram group.[16][17]

Due to safety concerns over reports of taxi drivers collaborating with rioters,[18] Rabbi Akiva and Taiby Camissar of the Hasidic Jewish group Chabad in Amsterdam organized cars to bring Israelis to their hotels or the airport for boarding repatriation flights.[18]

A pro-Palestinian group tried to protest in central Amsterdam on 10 November 2024 in defiance of the three-day demonstration ban, with several members being arrested.[19]

Reactions

Domestic

Government

Dick Schoof, the Dutch prime minister claimed to be "horrified by the antisemitic attacks on Israeli civilians."[5] Schoof also said that he would skip the COP29, a climate summit to be held in Azerbaijan, due to the attacks' "major social impact".[20]

Femke Halsema, the Amsterdam mayor, described the riot as a "terrible moment" for Amsterdam.[21]

Peter Holla, the Amsterdam police chief, said that Israelis had been "outrageously abused", but that his colleagues had difficulty acting against "flash moments [that] spread throughout the city".[8] The Dutch government was investigating whether prior warnings had been ignored.[22]

Monarch

Willem-Alexander, the King of the Netherlands, reportedly said:[21]

We failed the Jewish community of the Netherlands during the Second World War and last night we failed again.

Civil society

In an article in The Jewish Chronicle, Uri Rosenthal, a Dutch political scientist, believed the riot to be a "final wake-up call" that the Dutch government had been too weak on anti-Jewish hate crimes.[23]

Some sources, including the Qatari state-owned[24][25] outlet Al Jazeera, claimed alleged incidents of Palestinian flags being torn down from random households to have caused the riot.[26] However, there is no evidence that the victims were the same people responsible for the alleged incidents.[5] In addition, the Amsterdam police have been criticized for insufficient policing to stop the violence.[27]

International

Israel

Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, classified the riot as a "pogrom" comparable to the Kristallnacht that erupted in Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied Austria on 9 November 1938,[28] asking for swift actions against the rioters.[29][30] The Kristallnacht[28] comparison was echoed by media and advocacy groups.[31][32]

European Union

Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, emphasized that the riot constituted "vile attacks" and that "antisemitism has absolutely no place in Europe."[5][30] Annalena Baerbock, the German Foreign Minister, called the riot "horrific and deeply shameful."[30]

United Kingdom

Sir Ephraim Mirvis, Chief Rabbi of the UK and Commonwealth, called the rioters "hateful mobs".[21]

The Sky News deleted a report claiming Israeli fans to be "notorious for their racism and physical violence" amid criticism. Its editors said that they "could not independently verify all of the footage".[33]

United States

Joe Biden, President of the United States (POTUS), condemned the riot as "antisemitic", "despicable" and "echo[ing] dark moments in history when Jews were persecuted".[34]

Palestine

Sami Abu Zuhri, a Hamas official, considered the riot in Amsterdam as representative of spontaneous repercussions of Israel's continued "massacres" in Gaza that had lacked international interventions.[35]

Advocacy groups

Several media and advocacy groups compared the riot to the Kristallnacht that erupted in Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied Austria on 9 November 1938,[28] despite differences in severity.[31][32]

The Yad Vashem expressed deep concern and solidarity with the victims.[36] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) also strongly condemned the attacks as "vicious", "antisemitic" and "outrageous".[37] The statement also highlighted that the riot came right before the 86th anniversary of the Kristallnacht, "when Jews throughout Nazi Germany were systematically attacked[28] [...] fellow citizens looked on."[37]

The World Jewish Congress (WJC) strongly condemned the violence towards the Jewish Maccabi fans,[38] while the European Jewish Congress (EJC) condemned the riot as "horrific",[39] demanding "all necessary measures to protect Jews and Israelis".[39]

Others

In an article in The Atlantic magazine, writer Franklin Foer called the riot "a textbook example of a pogrom" based on the presence of "mobs chasing Jews down city streets, goons punching and kicking Jews".[40]

In contrast, influential[41] Marxist platforms Socialist Worker and World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) blamed the Israelis for the riot, denied the presence of antisemitism and accused Western government officials of "backing the Zionist regime".[42][43]

References

  1. ↑ "Emergency measures in Amsterdam over attacks on Israeli football fans after Palestinian flags torn down". Sky News. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  2. ↑ "Israeli football fans clash with protesters in Amsterdam". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3
  6. ↑
  7. ↑ "Video shows scuffle outside Amsterdam Central station". The Washington Post. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1
  9. ↑
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1
  14. ↑ "Of dozens arrested in Amsterdam antisemitic attack, only 4 remain in custody". The Jerusalem Post. November 9, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Amsterdam police charge four after attack on Israeli football fans". The Guardian. November 10, 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Israeli Soccer Fans Attacked on the Streets of Amsterdam". Chabad. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  19. ↑
  20. ↑ Goury-Laffont, Victor (November 10, 2024). "Dutch prime minister to skip COP29 after Amsterdam football violence". Politico.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2
  22. ↑
  23. ↑ "After the Amsterdam pogrom, we Dutch must toughen up". The Jewish Chronicle. November 8, 2024.
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑ "Israeli football fans clash with protesters in Amsterdam". Al Jazeera. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  27. ↑ Sacerdoti, Jonathan (November 8, 2024). "Amsterdam has failed its Jews". The Spectator.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3
  29. ↑ "Netanyahu: 86th anniversary of Kristallnacht was 'marked' on streets of Amsterdam last night". The Times of Israel. November 8, 2024.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Amsterdam mayor: Rioters sought out, attacked Israeli fans". DW News. November 8, 2024.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1
  33. ↑ "Sky News deletes report on Amsterdam attack after accusation of anti-Israel bias". The Jewish Chronicle. November 10, 2024.
  34. ↑
  35. ↑ "Hamas links Gaza "massacres" to unrest like in Amsterdam". News.Az. November 9, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Yad Vashem Express Deep Concern and Solidarity with the Victims of Horrific Attack on Jews Attending the Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Game in Amsterdam". Yad Vashem. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Museum Strongly Condemns Antisemitic Attacks in Amsterdam". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  38. ↑ "World Jewish Congress Condemns Violent Attack in Amsterdam, Calls for Vigilance and Action to Protect Jews". World Jewish Congress (WJC). November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "EJC condemns horrific attacks against Israeli football fans in Amsterdam". European Jewish Congress (EJC). November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  40. ↑ Foer, Franklin (November 8, 2024). "The Strange History Behind the Anti-Semitic Dutch Soccer Attacks". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  41. ↑
  42. ↑ "Israeli fans attack pro-Palestine supporters in Amsterdam". Socialist Worker. November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  43. ↑ "NATO states denounce "antisemitism" after Israeli football hooligans riot in Amsterdam". World Socialist Web Site (WSWS). November 9, 2024.
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