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'''Ion Victor Antonescu''' (15 June 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]]-[[Axis powers|allied]] [[Prime Minister]] of [[Romania]], who called himself ''Conducător'' and ruled from 4 September 1940 until 23 August 1944, when he was toppled in a [[Coup d'etat|coup]]. He was [[Odessa massacre (1941)#Trial|executed]] for war crimes in 1946.<ref name="HE2">
'''Ion Victor Antonescu''' (15 June 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]]-[[Axis powers|allied]] [[Prime Minister]] of [[Romania]], who called himself ''Conducător'' and ruled from 4 September 1940 until 23 August 1944,<ref>
* {{cite web |website=National Library of Australia |title=23 Apr 1938 - Iron Guard Suppressed - Trove |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55846697 |date=April 23, 1938 |access-date=November 5, 2024}}
* {{cite web |website=Providence College |title=The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism |url=https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042&context=history_undergrad_theses |last=Gillen |first=Andrew Bennett |year=2020 |access-date=November 5, 2024}}
* {{cite journal |journal=Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |title=Hate speech revisited in Romanian political discourse: from the Legion of the Archangel Michael (1927–1941) to AUR (2020–present day) |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01228-y |last1=Praisler |first1=Alexandru |last2=Gheorghiu |first2=Oana Celia |volume=9 |date=July 11, 2022 |access-date=November 5, 2024}}</ref> when he was toppled in a [[Coup d'etat|coup]]. He was [[Odessa massacre (1941)#Trial|executed]] for war crimes in 1946.<ref name="HE2">
* International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. Final Report. President of the commission: Elie Wiesel. Edited by Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, and Mihail E. Ionescu. Iași: Polirom, 2004.
* International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. Final Report. President of the commission: Elie Wiesel. Edited by Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, and Mihail E. Ionescu. Iași: Polirom, 2004.
* Ioanid, Radu. The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Roma under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944. Second edition. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022.
* Ioanid, Radu. The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Roma under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944. Second edition. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022.

Revision as of 02:40, 6 November 2024

Ion Victor Antonescu
Ion Antonescu
Prime Minister of Romania
In office
September 4, 1940 – August 23, 1944
Preceded byIon Gigurtu
Succeeded byConstantin Sănătescu
Conducător of Romania
In office
September 6, 1940 – August 23, 1944
Preceded byCarol II (as King of Romania)
Succeeded byNone
Personal details
Born
Ion Victor Antonescu

June 15, 1882
Piteşti, Romania
DiedJune 1, 1946(1946-06-01) (aged 63)
Jilava, Romania
NationalityRomanian
Political partyNone, formally allied with the Iron Guard
Spouse(s)Raşela Mendel (div.)
Maria Antonescu
ProfessionSoldier
Military service
RankField Marshal

Ion Victor Antonescu (15 June 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a Nazi-allied Prime Minister of Romania, who called himself Conducător and ruled from 4 September 1940 until 23 August 1944,[1] when he was toppled in a coup. He was executed for war crimes in 1946.[2]

Role in the Holocaust

When he was in charge of Romania and southern Ukraine, he actively facilitated[3] the Holocaust for Nazi Germany.[4] As many as 400,000 Jewish deaths could be attributed to his orders. Particularly, some considered the Odessa massacre, which killed as many as 100,000 Jews and reduced Odessa's Jews by 98.7%, as the worst massacre of Jews in the Romanian-occupied zone during WWII.[5]

The Holocaust in Romanian-occupied zone only stopped after he was toppled in a coup led by King Michael I of Romania on 23 August 1944.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑
    • "23 Apr 1938 - Iron Guard Suppressed - Trove". National Library of Australia. April 23, 1938. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    • Gillen, Andrew Bennett (2020). "The Legion of the Archangel Michael: The Past and Present Appeal of Decentralized Fascism". Providence College. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    • Praisler, Alexandru; Gheorghiu, Oana Celia (July 11, 2022). "Hate speech revisited in Romanian political discourse: from the Legion of the Archangel Michael (1927–1941) to AUR (2020–present day)". Humanities & Social Sciences Communications. 9. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  2. ↑
    • International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. Final Report. President of the commission: Elie Wiesel. Edited by Tuvia Friling, Radu Ioanid, and Mihail E. Ionescu. Iași: Polirom, 2004.
    • Ioanid, Radu. The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Roma under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944. Second edition. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022.
    • Kruglov, Aleksander, and Kiril Feferman. “Bloody Snow: The Mass Slaughter of Odessa Jews in Berezovka Uezd in the First Half of 1941.” Yad Vashem Studies 47, no. 2 (2019): 15.
    • Solonari, Vladimir. A Satellite Empire: Romanian Rule in Southwestern Ukraine, 1941–1944. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019.
    • Zipperstein, Steven J. The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History, 1794–1881. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985.
  3. ↑ "Working Definition Of Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism :
  4. ↑
  5. ↑
  6. ↑



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