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{{refimprove|date=September 2011}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = State of Brunei
|native_name = ''{{lang|ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}''<br /><big>{{lang|ms-Arab|نڬارا بروني دارالسلام}}</big>
| common_name = Brunei
|conventional_long_name = Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace
| native_name = {{Native name|ms|Negara Brunei}}
|common_name = Brunei is home to the box, the famous football player
|image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg
| image_flag2 =
|image_coat = Emblem of Brunei.svg
|symbol_type = Emblem
| image_coat = Emblem of Brunei.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
|image_map = Brunei map-en.svg
|national_motto = "الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى" "''Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah''"<br /><small>"Always in service with God's guidance"{{Spaces|2}}(translation)</small>
| national_motto = {{Vunblist|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}}}}|''Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā''|({{Lang|ms|Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah}})|Always in service with God's guidance}}
|national_anthem = ''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''<small><br />''God Bless the Sultan''</small>
| national_anthem = {{Vunblist|''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''|{{Lang|ms-Arab|{{Script|Arab|ﷲ ڤليهاراکن سلطان}}}}|God Bless the Sultan}}{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Allah Peliharakan Sultan.oga]]}}
| image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Brunei (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Brunei ASEAN.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of south-east Asia|default=1}}
|official_languages = [[Malay language|Malay]]{{ref label|BM|a|}}<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49 |title=Brunei Malay |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=22 July 2016 |doi=10.1017/S0025100316000189 |access-date=15 May 2022|last1=Deterding |first1=David |last2=Athirah |first2=Ishamina |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=47 |pages=99–108 |s2cid=201819132 }}</ref> (national) <br /> [[English language|English]]{{ref label|English|b|}}<ref>Ozog, A. C. K. (1996). The unplanned use of English: The case of Brunei Darussalam. In P. W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 156-166). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.</ref><ref>K. Dunseath (1996). Aspects of language maintenance and language shift among the Chinese community in Brunei. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam (pp. 280–301). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies ISBN 0896801934.</ref> (recognised)
| map_caption = {{Map caption|location_color=green|region=the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]|region_color=dark grey|legend=Location Brunei ASEAN.svg}}
|regional_languages =
| capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
{{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| coordinates = {{Coord|4|53.417|N|114|56.533|E|type:city|format=dms}}
|title = 6 languages<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN/languages|title=Brunei (Languages)|publisher=[[Ethnologue]]|accessdate=2 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Give recognition to our languages|url=http://www.brudirect.com/national/whats-hot/have-your-say-hot-topics/5825-give-recognition-to-our-ethnic-languages|accessdate=19 November 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools|accessdate=19 November 2013|archive-date=19 November 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119230503/http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| largest_city = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|[[Tutong language|Tutong]] |[[Belait language|Belait]] |[[Dusun language|Dusun]] |[[Brunei Bisaya language|Bisaya]] |[[Murut language|Murut]]}}
|languages2_type = [[Official script]]s
| languages_type = Official language
| languages = [[Malay language|Malay]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Deterding|first1=David|last2=Athirah|first2=Ishamina|date=22 July 2016|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|title=Brunei Malay|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S0025100316000189|access-date=15 May 2022|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=47|pages=99–108|s2cid=201819132|archive-date=15 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515100911/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/brunei-malay/37436246DB8F85B1EAA498E5389A3D49|url-status=live}}</ref>
|languages2 = [[Malay alphabet]],<br />[[Jawi alphabet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script|title=Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script <nowiki>-</nowiki> The Brunei Times<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=|access-date=2012-04-04|archive-date=2012-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612065057/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| languages2_type = Other languages<br/>and dialects<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|title=Brunei|publisher=Ethnologue|date=19 February 1999|access-date=30 December 2013|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421142814/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BN|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools|access-date=19 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119230503/http://borneobulletin.brunei-online.com/index.php/2013/10/25/call-to-add-ethnic-languages-as-optional-subject-in-schools/|archive-date=19 November 2013}}</ref>
|demonym = [[Bruneian]]
| languages2 = {{hlist |[[Brunei Malay]] | [[Tutong language|Tutong]] |[[Kedayan]] |[[Belait language|Belait]]| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|[[Korean language|Korean]]|[[Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[Hokkien]], [[Hakka Chinese]], [[Standard Chinese]] and [[Cantonese]]) |Indigenous languages |[[Lun Bawang language|Murut]] |[[Dusun language|Dusun]] |[[Brunei Bisaya language|Brunei Bisaya]] }}<!--
|capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
begin hack -->{{infobox|child=yes
|largest_city = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
|label1 = [[Official script]]s
| coordinates = {{Coord|4|53.417|N|114|56.533|E|type:city}}
|data1 = {{vunblist |[[Malay alphabet|Malay alphabet (Rumi)]] |[[Jawi alphabet]]<ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612065057/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/10/22/writing-contest-promotes-usage-history-jawi-script |date=12 June 2012 }}. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)</ref>}}
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]]<br/>[[absolute monarchy]]
}}<!--end hack-->
|leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]]
| ethnic_groups = {{Vunblist
|leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sultan of Brunei holds dinner for His Highness Amir|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2537627&Language=en|publisher=Kuwait News|accessdate=30 October 2016|date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
|67% [[Bruneian Malay people|Malays]]
|leader_title2 = [[crown prince|Crown Prince]]
|15% [[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Chinese]]
|leader_name2 = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]]
|leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Brunei|Prime Minister]]
|6.2% [[Indians in Brunei|Indian]]
|5.5% [[Arab people|Arab]]
|leader_name3 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|2.2% [[Indonesians|Indonesian]]
|legislature = [[Legislative Council of Brunei|Legislative Council]]
|1.9% [[Korean people|Korean]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History of Brunei|Formation]]
|0.8% others
|established_event1 = [[Muhammad Shah of Brunei|Sultanate]]
}}
|established_date1 = 14th century
| ethnic_groups_year = 2023
|established_event2 = [[British Empire|British protectorate]]
| ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="deps.gov.bn">{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|established_date2 = 1888
| religion = {{tree list}}
|established_event3 = Independence
*82.1% [[Islam in Brunei|Sunni Islam]] ([[State religion|official]])
|established_date3 = 1 January 1984
*8.7% [[Christianity]]
|area_rank = 172nd
*7.2% [[Buddhism]] ([[Mahayana]])
|area_km2 = 5,765
*1.2% [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]]
|area_sq_mi = 2,226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
*0.8% other (includes [[List of ethnic religions#Asia|indigenous beliefs]])
|percent_water = 8.6
{{tree list/end}}
|population_estimate = 401,890<ref name=cia>{{cite journal | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html | title=Brunei | version= | publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]] | author= | year=2011 | accessdate=13 January 2011 | journal= | archive-date=12 June 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612213743/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| religion_year = 2023
|population_estimate_rank = 174th
| religion_ref = <ref name="deps.gov.bn" />
|population_estimate_year = 2011
| demonym = [[Bruneian people|Bruneian]]
|population_census = 332,844
| government_type = Unitary Islamic [[absolute monarchy]]
|population_census_year = 2001
| leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]] and [[Prime Minister of Brunei|Prime Minister]]
|population_density_km2 = 67.3
| leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]]
|population_density_sq_mi = 174.4 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| leader_title2 = [[Crown Prince]] and Senior Minister
|population_density_rank = 134th
| leader_name2 = [[Al-Muhtadee Billah]]
|GDP_PPP = $21.237 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=70&pr1.y=15&c=516&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Brunei|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=8 December 2011}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[State Mufti of Brunei|State Mufti]]
|GDP_PPP_rank = 122nd
| leader_name3 = [[Abdul Aziz Juned]]
|GDP_PPP_year = 2011
| legislature = [[Legislative Council of Brunei]]{{efn|There is a [[Legislative Council of Brunei|Legislative Council]], which has no legislative power.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Brunei Darussalam |journal=United Nations |issue=Human Rights Council |page=4 |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/lib-docs/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/BN/A_HRC_WG6_6_BRN_1_E.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref> As its role is only consultative it is not considered to be a legislature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |website=Freedom House |language=en |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827212534/https://freedomhouse.org/country/brunei/freedom-world/2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brunei |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928234434/https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/brunei/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $49,719<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5th
|GDP_nominal_year = 2011
|GDP_nominal = $16.313 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_rank = 166th
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $38,192<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 26th
|HDI = 0.838
|HDI_change = increase
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2011|year=2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=5 November 2011}}</ref>
|HDI_rank = 33rd
|HDI_year = 2011
|currency = [[Brunei dollar]]
|currency_code = BND
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = +8<ref name=hb/>
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|drives_on = right (by 2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |title=Which side of the road do they drive on? |author=Lucas, Brian |date=August 2005 |accessdate=February 22, 2009}}</ref>
|cctld = [[.bn]]<ref name=hb>{{cite book|title=Brunei Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah Handbook|year=2011|publisher=IBP USA|pages=10|isbn=9781433004445|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9q0_LcWREVMC&q=brunei|access-date=2017-10-26}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|calling_code = +673{{ref label|Calling Code|c|}}
|footnote_a = {{note|BM}} [[Malay language|Malay]] is the official and national language as stated under the Constitution on Article 82: "Official and national language".

|footnote_b = {{note|English}} [[English language|English]] is used in official documents (official documents are bilingual; Malay and English) as the stated under Constitution on Article 82: "Official and recognised language".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agc.gov.bn/agc1/images/LOB/cons_doc/constitution_i.pdf|title=CONSTITUTION OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM|publisher=Attorney General's Chambers Brunei Darussalam|accessdate=15 October 2013}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

|footnote_c = {{note|Calling Code}} Also 080 from [[East Malaysia]].
}}
}}
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Brunei|Formation]]
'''Brunei''' (officially called Brunei Darussalam, or the '''Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace''') is a country in [[Southeast Asia]]. It is north of [[Malaysia]] on the island of [[Borneo]]. The country is rather landlocked by [[Malaysia]]. To the north is the [[South China Sea]] and the [[Philippines]] to the northeast. The capital of Brunei is [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. The country is small and has a small population. The leader of the country is the [[Sultan]] of Brunei. Due to the sale of his oil, he is one of the richest people in the world. The official religion in Brunei is [[Islam]]. There are also minorities of people who follow [[Buddhism]] or [[Animism]]. Brunei's official language and national language is [[Malay language|Malay]]. Brunei is one of the smallest Muslim countries in the world.
| established_event1 = [[History of Brunei|Ancient Brunei]]
| established_date1 = 2000BC–1368
| established_event2 = [[Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)|Sultanate]]
| established_date2 = 1368–1888
| established_event3 = [[British protectorate|Protectorate established]]
| established_date3 = 17 September 1888
| established_event4 = [[Independence]]
| established_date4 = 1 January 1984
| established_event5 = Admitted to the [[United Nations]]
| established_date5 = 21 September 1984
| area_km2 = 5,765<ref name=Brunei-Muara>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|title=Brunei-Muara District|edition=2nd|website=Information.gov.bn|publisher=Information Department, [[Prime Minister's Office (Brunei)|Prime Minister's Office, Brunei Darussalam]]|date=2010|page=8|isbn=99917-49-24-1|access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602004313/http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/Brunei%20District.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_rank = 164th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi = 2,226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water = 8.6
| population_estimate = 455,858<ref name="depd.gov.bn">{{Cite web|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|title= Population|website=Department of Economic Planning and Development |language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-12|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320011146/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| population_estimate_rank = 175th
| population_density_km2 = 72.11
| population_density_sq_mi = 186.75 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 134th
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $60.547 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.BN">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Brunei) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101081305/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=516,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP_rank = 135th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $70,609<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 8th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $37.152 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank = 122nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $32,153<ref name="IMFWEO.BN" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 21st
| Gini = <!--number only-->
| Gini_year =
| Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.841 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 47th
| currency = [[Brunei dollar]]
| currency_code = BND
| time_zone = [[Time in Brunei|Brunei Standard Time]]
| utc_offset = +8
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on = left
| calling_code = [[+673]]{{ref label|Calling Code|c|}}
| cctld = [[.bn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |title=Delegation Record for .BN |publisher=IANA |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909114943/http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/bn.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| footnote_a = {{note|Calling Code}} Also 080 from [[East Malaysia]].
| population_census = 445,400
| population_census_year = 2023
}}
'''Brunei''' (officially called Brunei Darussalam, State of Brunei or the '''Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace''') is a country in [[Southeast Asia]]. It is north of [[Malaysia]] on the island of [[Borneo]]. The country is rather landlocked by [[Malaysia]]. To the north is the [[South China Sea]] and the [[Philippines]] to the northeast. The capital of Brunei is [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. The country is small and has a small population. The leader of the country is the [[Sultan]] of Brunei. Due to the sale of his oil, he is one of the richest people in the world. The official religion in Brunei is [[Islam]]. There are also minorities of people who follow [[Buddhism]] or [[Animism]]. Brunei's official language and national language is [[Malay language|Malay]]. Brunei is one of the smallest Muslim countries in the world.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 14:04, 19 May 2024

State of Brunei
Negara Brunei  (Malay)
Emblem of Brunei
Emblem
Motto: 
  • الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى‎
  • Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā
  • (Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah)
  • Always in service with God's guidance
Anthem: 
Location of  Brunei  (green)

in the ASEAN  (dark grey)  —  [Legend]

Capital
and largest city
Bandar Seri Begawan
4°53.417′N 114°56.533′E / 4.890283°N 114.942217°E / 4.890283; 114.942217
Official languageMalay[1]
Other languages
and dialects[3][4]
Official scripts
Ethnic groups
(2023)[5]
Religion
(2023)[5]
Demonym(s)Bruneian
GovernmentUnitary Islamic absolute monarchy
Hassanal Bolkiah
• Crown Prince and Senior Minister
Al-Muhtadee Billah
Abdul Aziz Juned
LegislatureLegislative Council of Brunei[a]
Formation
2000BC–1368
• Sultanate
1368–1888
17 September 1888
1 January 1984
• Admitted to the United Nations
21 September 1984
Area
• Total
5,765[9] km2 (2,226 sq mi) (164th)
• Water (%)
8.6
Population
• 2023 estimate
455,858[10] (175th)
• 2023 census
445,400
• Density
72.11/km2 (186.8/sq mi) (134th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $60.547 billion[11] (135th)
• Per capita
Increase $70,609[11] (8th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $37.152 billion[11] (122nd)
• Per capita
Increase $32,153[11] (21st)
HDI (2023)Increase 0.841[12]
very high · 47th
CurrencyBrunei dollar (BND)
Time zoneUTC+8 (Brunei Standard Time)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideleft
Calling code+673[c]
ISO 3166 codeBN
Internet TLD.bn[13]
  1. ^ Also 080 from East Malaysia.

Brunei (officially called Brunei Darussalam, State of Brunei or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace) is a country in Southeast Asia. It is north of Malaysia on the island of Borneo. The country is rather landlocked by Malaysia. To the north is the South China Sea and the Philippines to the northeast. The capital of Brunei is Bandar Seri Begawan. The country is small and has a small population. The leader of the country is the Sultan of Brunei. Due to the sale of his oil, he is one of the richest people in the world. The official religion in Brunei is Islam. There are also minorities of people who follow Buddhism or Animism. Brunei's official language and national language is Malay. Brunei is one of the smallest Muslim countries in the world.

History

From the 14th to the 16th centuries Brunei Darussalam was the seat of a powerful sultanate extending over Sabah, Sarawak and the southern Philippines. Thus, the current Sultan represents one of the oldest continuously ruling dynasties in the world. By the 19th century, the Brunei Darussalam Empire had been whittled away by wars, piracy and the colonial expansion of European powers.

In 1847, the sultan ended a treaty with Great Britain and in 1888 Brunei Darussalam officially became a British protectorate. In 1906, the Residential System was established in Brunei Darussalam. A British Resident was nominated as a representative of the British government to advise the sultan in all matters except Malay customs, traditions and Islamic religion.

The 1959 Agreement established a written constitution which gave Brunei Darussalam internal self-government. In 1971, the agreement was amended and revised to assert full internal independence except defence and external affairs.

On June 5, 1966 His Highness Sultan Haji Sir Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien abdicated in favour of his son Pengiran Muda Mahkota Hassanal Bolkiah. On January 1, 1984 Brunei Darussalam resumed full independence and the Sultan took office as Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Home Affairs Minister, presiding over a cabinet of six. In October 1986, the cabinet was expanded to 11 members, with His Majesty relinquishing the portfolios of Finance and Home Affairs and taking over the Defence portfolio which his late father had held since 1984. In 1988 another reshuffle brought about the elevation of the deputy minister to a full minister and the creation of the Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources designed to boost the country's development.[14]

In spite of the sizable non-Muslim population (about 1/3 of the population) and criticism by the international community, the Sultan still announced Brunei's adoption of Sharia law in 2013 to fully enforce on the Muslim majority and partially enforce on non-Muslims.[15] It was expected to take full effect in 2016 after 3 phases, and had begun partial enforcement in its first phase in 2014. It is the first country in East and Southeast Asia to practice Sharia law.

Divisions

Brunei is divided into four districts (daerahs)[16] and 38 subdistricts (mukims).[17]

No. District Capital Population (2011 census) Area (km2)
1. Belait Kuala Belait 60,744 2,724
2. Brunei-Muara   Bandar Seri Begawan 279,924 571
3. Temburong Pekan Bangar 8,852 1,304
4. Tutong Pekan Tutong 43,852 1,166

The daerah of Temburong is physically separated from the rest of Brunei by the Malaysian state of Sarawak.

Over 90% of Brunei's total population lives in 15 of the 38 mukims.

Cities

Map of Brunei

Officially, there are no places in Brunei that have "city" status. Some of the important places are:

  • Bandar Seri Begawan (Pop. ~181,500, Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Council)
  • Kuala Belait (Pop. ~38,000, Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Council)
  • Seria (Pop. ~35,400, Kuala Belait/Seria Municipal Council)
  • Jerudong (Pop. ~30,000, Kuala Belait/Seria Municipal Council)
  • Tutong (Pop. ~27,500, Tutong Municipal Council)
  • Bangar - administrative centre of the Temburong district
  • Muara Town - has the only deep sea port of Brunei
  • Sukang
  • Panaga

Revenue

Brunei gets most of its income by selling oil. In 2011 the IMF said that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with no public debt.[18]

Currency

Brunei uses the Brunei Ringgit to trade. However, the Singapore dollar can be used here as both currencies are of the same value.

References

  1. ↑ Deterding, David; Athirah, Ishamina (22 July 2016). "Brunei Malay". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 47. Cambridge University Press: 99–108. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000189. S2CID 201819132. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  2. ↑ Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script Archived 12 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)
  3. ↑ "Brunei". Ethnologue. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  4. ↑ "Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools". Archived from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year". Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "Brunei Darussalam" (PDF). United Nations (Human Rights Council): 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  7. ↑ "Brunei: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Brunei". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  9. ↑ "Brunei-Muara District" (PDF). Information.gov.bn (2nd ed.). Information Department, Prime Minister's Office, Brunei Darussalam. 2010. p. 8. ISBN 99917-49-24-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "Population". Department of Economic Planning and Development. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Brunei)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  13. ↑ "Delegation Record for .BN". IANA. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  14. ↑ "Home - Jabatan Perdana Menteri". www.jpm.gov.bn.
  15. ↑ "Brunei adopts sharia law amid international outcry". CNN. May 2014.
  16. ↑ District Statistics (2010). Brunei Darussalam Statistical Yearbook (PDF). Brunei Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-07.
  17. ↑ "Background Note: Brunei". US Department of State. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  18. ↑ AHA Centre. "Profile of Brunei Darussalam" (PDF).

Other websites

  • Media related to Brunei at Wikimedia Commons
  • Brunei travel guide from Wikivoyage


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