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openSUSE

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
මූලික ලිපිය: SUSE Linux distributions

openSUSE
openSUSE 15.0 with customized GNOME Classic
විකාශකයාopenSUSE Project,
(sponsored by Novell and open-slx[1])
OS පවුලUnix-like
Working stateCurrent
මූලාශ්‍ර ආකෘතියFree and open source software
Initial releaseමාර්තු 1994; වසර 30 කට පෙර (1994-03)
Latest releaseLeap 15.0 / මැයි 25, 2018; වසර 6 කට පෙර (2018-05-25)
Repository
Edit this at Wikidata
අලෙවිකරණ ඉලක්කයConsumer, Small Business, Development
ලබා ගත හැක්කේEnglish, German, many others
Update methodZYpp (YaST)
Package managerRPM Package Manager: RPM, YaST2 One-Click Install: YMP File
PlatformsIA-32, x86-64
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
Default user interfaceKDE Plasma Desktop
LicenseGNU GPL and others
Official websitewww.opensuse.org

openSUSE (උසුරුවනුයේ /ˌoʊpənˈsuːzə/) යනු සාමාන්‍ය කටයුතු සදහා යොදාගන්නා ලිනක්ස් මත පදනම් වූ මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති, මෙය ප්‍රජාව විසින් සහාය දක්වන openSUSE ව්‍යාපෘතිය මගින් සංවර්ධනය කරනු ලබන අතර 2004 ජනවාරියේ SUSE ලිනක්ස් ලබාගත් පසු Novell සමාගම මගින් මේ සදහා අනුග්‍රහය ලබා දේ. [2] Novell සමාගම SUSE Linux වෘතීය නිෂ්පාදන Professional product as a 100% open source project, involving the community in the development process.[3] ප්‍රථම ස්ථායී නිකුතුව වන්නේ SUSE Linux 10.0 හි බීටා නිකුතුවයි. 2010 නොවැම්බර් වන විට ස්ථායී නිකුතුව වන්නේ SUSE Linux 11.3 යි., [4]

Overview

[සංස්කරණය]

openSUSE is driven by the openSUSE Project community and sponsored by Novell, to develop and maintain SUSE Linux distributions components. It is the equivalent of the historic "SuSE Linux Professional". After their acquisition of SUSE Linux, Novell has decided to make the community an important part of their development process.

Beyond the distribution, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community involvement. The community assists in developing openSUSE collaboratively with representatives from Novell by contributing code through the openSUSE Build Service, writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussion on open mailing lists and in Internet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through its wiki interface. Novell markets openSUSE as the best, easiest distribution for all users.[5]

Like most Linux distributions, openSUSE includes both a default graphical user interface (GUI) and a command line interface option. During installation, the user may choose among KDE SC, GNOME, LXDE and Xfce GUIs. openSUSE supports thousands of software packages across the full range of Free software / open source development.

ඉතිහාසය

[සංස්කරණය]

ආයතනයෙහි ඉතිහාසය

[සංස්කරණය]
වැඩිදුර තොරතුරු: SUSE Linux distributions § History

නිෂ්පාදන ඉතිහාසය

[සංස්කරණය]

In the past, the SUSE Linux company had focused on releasing the SuSE Linux Personal and SuSE Linux Professional box sets which included extensive printed documentation that was available for sale in retail stores. The company's ability to sell an open source product was largely due to the closed-source development process used. Although SUSE Linux had always been open product licensed with the GPL, it was only freely possible to retrieve the source code of the next release 2 months after it was ready for purchase. SUSE Linux strategy was to create a technically superior Linux distribution with the large number of employed engineers, that would make users willing to pay for their distribution in retail stores.[6]

Since the acquisition by Novell in 2003 and with the advent of openSUSE this has been reversed: starting with version 9.2, an unsupported 1 DVD ISO image of SUSE Professional was made available for download as well as a bootable Live DVD evaluation. The FTP server continues to operate and has the advantage of "streamlined" installs: Only downloading packages the user feels they need. The ISO has the advantages of an easy install package, the ability to operate even if the user's network card does not work "out of the box", and less experience needed (i.e., an inexperienced Linux user may not know whether or not to install a certain package, and the ISO offers several preselected sets of packages).

The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project, SUSE Linux 10.0, was available for download just before the retail release of SUSE Linux 10.0. In addition, Novell discontinued the Personal version, renaming the Professional version to simply "SUSE Linux", and repricing "SUSE Linux" to about the same as the old Personal version. As of version 10.2, the SUSE Linux distribution was officially renamed to openSUSE.[7][8]

Over the years, SuSE Linux has gone from a status of a distribution which includes proprietary software, with restrictive, delayed publications (2 months of waiting for those who had not bought the box, without ISOs available, but installation available via FTP) and a closed development model to a free distribution model with immediate and freely availability for all and transparent and open development.[9] Its popularity continues to grow: as of May 2010, for example, patch download statistics show more than two million unique installations of openSUSE 11.1 and 11.2 alone,[10] with the largest numbers located in Germany (28%) and the United States (14%).

බෙදාහැරීම්

[සංස්කරණය]

openSUSE නොමිලයේ භාගත කල හැකි අතර වෙලදපලෙහි විකිනීමටද ඇත. නමුත් openSUSE බෙදාහැරීම ඇත්තේ එකක් පමණි. එය යම් යම් සංස්කරණ x86 and x86-64 architectures (as for version 11.3) ලෙස පැමිනේ:

  • openSUSE Download Edition: This is the freely downloadable ISO version, available from the openSUSE downloads page. It is available as a Live-CD version (KDE4 or GNOME) which can be installed on the hard disk, or as a more complete single layer DVD-5. A CD containing additional proprietary software and an additional CD containing files for internationalization (less common languages) are also available. This version does not include any technical assistance, nor printed manuals.
  • openSUSE Retail Edition: Users are able to purchase openSUSE box from Novell.[11] It contains a DVD-9 (dual-layer) comprising the 32-bit and 64, together with a CD including the non open source software, printed documentation and 90 days limited user support. Media of the retail version is a little bit different from the downloaded ISO, but all software in the box which are not on the downloadable ISOs are available on the FTP servers and freely accessible. It is equivalent to the download edition with the only differences being limited product support and a printed user manual.[11]
  • openSUSE FTP: There is also a small ISO to install openSUSE directly from FTP (network install). There are mirrors on the two different FTP trees: one for open-source packages (OSS), a second for non-open-source packages or whose license is restrictive (non-oss). The FTP can be used to complement the Download and Retail editions.
  • openSUSE Factory: This is the continuous ongoing development version, from which the development team take out regular snapshots (Milestones and RC) to get the stable openSUSE.

Features

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YaST පාලක පැනලය

[සංස්කරණය]
මූලික ලිපිය: YaST

SUSE includes an installation and administration program called YaST2 which handles hard disk partitioning, system setup, RPM package management, online updates, network and firewall configuration, user administration and more in an integrated interface. YaST also integrates with SaX2 to help users handle their graphics card and monitor, touch displays, and even additional monitors with Xinerama. In more recent times, many more YaST modules have been added including Bluetooth support.

AutoYaST

[සංස්කරණය]
මූලික ලිපිය: YaST

AutoYaST සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine යනු YaST2 හි කොටසක් වන අතර ස්වයංක්‍රීය ස්ථාපන සදහා භාවිතා වේ. සැකැස්ම XML ගොනුවක රදවා තබා ගන්නා අතර පරිශීලකයාගේ මැදිහත් වීමක් නොමැතිව කාර්යය සිදුවේ.

ZYpp පැකේජ් කලමනණාකරනය

[සංස්කරණය]
මූලික ලිපිය: ZYpp

ZYpp (or libzypp) යනු ලිනක්ස් ම්රුදුකාංග කලමණාකරන යාන්ත්‍රණයක් වන එහි බැදීම විසදා පහසුවෙන් පැකේජ් කලමනණාකරනයට අවශයය මෘදුකාංග ක්‍රමලේඛන අතුරුමුහුනතක්අඩංගුය.

Build Service

[සංස්කරණය]
මූලික ලිපිය: openSUSE Build Service

The openSUSE Build Service provides software developers with a tool to compile, release and publish their software for many distributions, including Mandriva, Ubuntu, Fedora and Debian. It typically simplifies the packaging process, so developers can more easily package a single program for many distributions, and many openSUSE releases, making more packages available to users regardless of what distribution version they use. It is published under the GPL.[12]

Desktop innovation

[සංස්කරණය]

Xgl and Compiz

[සංස්කරණය]

On January 2, 2006, SUSE developer David Reveman announced Xgl, an X server architecture designed to take advantage of modern graphics cards via their OpenGL drivers, layered on top of OpenGL via glitz. Compiz, one of the first compositing window managers for the X Window System that is able to take advantage of this OpenGL-acceleration, was also released.

KDE Desktop innovations

[සංස්කරණය]

SUSE has been a leading contributor to the KDE project for many years, and now SUSE sponsors more developers to work directly within KDE than any other distribution. Hence, SUSE’s contributions in this area have been very wide-ranging, and affecting many parts of KDE such as kdelibs and KDEBase, Kontact, and kdenetwork. Other notable projects include:

GNOME innovations

[සංස්කරණය]

The Ximian group became part of Novell, and in turn made and continued several contributions to GNOME with applications such as F-Spot, Novell Evolution and Banshee. The GNOME desktop now uses the slab instead of the classic double-panelled GNOME menu bars.

නිකුතුවන්

[සංස්කරණය]

10.x කාණ්ඩය

[සංස්කරණය]

The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project was SUSE Linux 10.0, released on October 6, 2005.[13] This was released as a freely downloadable ISO image and as a boxed retail package, with certain bundled software only included in the retail package.[14]

On May 11, 2006, the openSUSE Project released SUSE Linux 10.1, with the mailing list announcement identifying Xgl, NetworkManager, AppArmor and Xen as prominent features.[15]

For their third release, the openSUSE Project renamed their distribution, releasing openSUSE 10.2 on December 7, 2006. Several areas that developers focused their efforts on were reworking the menus used to launch programs in KDE and GNOME, moving to ext3 as the default file system, providing support for internal readers of Secure Digital cards commonly used in digital cameras, improving power management framework (more computers can enter suspended states instead of shutting down and starting up) and the package management system. This release also featured version 2.0 of Mozilla Firefox.

The fourth release, openSUSE 10.3, was made available as a stable version on October 4, 2007.[16] An overhaul of the software package management system (including support for 1-Click-Install), legal MP3 support from Fluendo and improved boot-time are some of the areas focused on for this release.

11.x Series

[සංස්කරණය]

openSUSE 11.0 was released on June 19, 2008. It includes the latest version of GNOME and two versions of KDE (the older, stable 3.5.9 and the newer 4.0.4).[17][18] It comes in three freely downloadable versions: a complete installation DVD (including GNOME, KDE3, and KDE4), and two Live CDs (GNOME, and KDE4 respectively). A KDE3 Live CD was not produced, however, due to limited resources.[18] Package management and installation were made significantly faster with ZYpp.[19]

openSUSE 11.1 was released on December 18, 2008. Updated software includes GNOME 2.24.1, KDE 4.1.3 + KDE 3.5.10, OpenOffice.org 3.0, VirtualBox 2.0.6, Compiz 0.7.8, Zypper 1.0.1, continued improvement in the software update stack, X.Org 7.4, Xserver 1.5.2 and Linux kernel 2.6.27.7.[20]

openSUSE 11.2[21] was released on November 12, 2009. It includes KDE 4.3, GNOME 2.28, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, OpenOffice.org 3.1, improved social network support, updated filesystems such as Ext4 as the new default and support for Btrfs, installer support for whole-disk encryption, significant improvements to YaST and zypper, and all ISO images are hybrid and now support both USB and CD-ROM boot.[4][22]

openSUSE 11.3 was released on July 15, 2010. It includes KDE 4.4.4, GNOME 2.30.1, Mozilla Firefox 3.6.6, OpenOffice.org 3.2.1, support for the Btrfs filesytem. It also updates the Linux kernel to version 2.6.34.[4]

අනුවාද ඉතිහාසය

[සංස්කරණය]

The openSUSE project aims to release a new version every eight months. It supports each release with critical updates for two years from the release date. Starting with version 11.2, critical updates will be provided for two releases plus two months, which at the current release cycle of 8 months would result in a support lifetime of 18 months.[23]

Color Meaning
Red Release no longer supported
Green Release still supported
Blue Future release
Project Name Version Release date Kernel version
S.u.S.E. Linux

(Slackware based)

3/94 1994-03-?? 1.0.0
7/94 1994-07-?? 1.0.9
11/94 1994-11-?? ?.?.?
4/95 1995-04-?? 1.2.9
8/95 1995-08-?? ?.?.?
11/95 1995-11-?? ?.?.?
S.u.S.E. Linux 4.2 1996-05-?? 1.2.13
4.3 1996-09-?? ?.?.?
4.4 1997-05-?? ?.?.?
5.0 1997-07-?? 2.0.30
5.1 1997-10-?? 2.0.32
5.2 1998-03-23 2.0.33
5.3 1998-09-10 2.0.35
SuSE Linux 6.0 1998-12-21 2.0.36
6.1 1999-04-07 2.2.6
6.2 1999-08-12 2.2.10
6.3 1999-11-25 2.2.13
6.4 2000-03-09 2.2.14
7.0 2000-09-27 2.2.16
7.1 2001-01-24 2.2.18
7.2 2001-06-15 2.4.4
7.3 2001-10-13 2.4.9
8.0 2002-04-22 2.4.18
8.1 2002-09-30 2.4.19
8.2 2003-04-07 2.4.20
SUSE Linux 9.0 2003-10-15 2.4.21
9.1 2004-04-23 2.6.4
9.2 2004-10-25 2.6.8
9.3 2005-04-16 2.6.11
10.0 2005-10-06 2.6.13
10.1 2006-05-11 2.6.16
10.1 remastered[24] 2006-10-13 2.6.16
openSUSE 10.2 2006-12-07 2.6.18
10.3 2007-10-04 2.6.22
11.0 2008-06-19 2.6.25
11.1 2008-12-18 2.6.27
11.2 2009-11-12 2.6.31
11.3 2010-07-15 2.6.34
11.4 2011-03-?? [4] TBA

සැකිල්ල:Timeline openSUSE

System requirements

[සංස්කරණය]

openSUSE 11.1 has full support for 32 bit i586 and 64 bit x86-64 PC hardware, as well as PowerPC (PPC) processors. The basic requirements for non-PPC hardware is as follows:[25]

The actually achievable minimum specs differ. Older processors that still belong to the i586 family are usable, for example the AMD K6/2. When excess language/translation files and documentation are removed and X is not needed, decent console-based router systems can be made using 300 MB disk space. Most console workloads also cope with 128 MB RAM at the cost of increased swap activity in tight situations.

[සංස්කරණය]
  • openSUSE 11.3, KDE SC 4.4
    openSUSE 11.3,
    KDE SC 4.4
  • openSUSE 11.3, GNOME 2.30
    openSUSE 11.3,
    GNOME 2.30
  • openSUSE 11.2, KDE 4.3
    openSUSE 11.2,
    KDE 4.3
  • openSUSE 11.2, GNOME 2.28
    openSUSE 11.2,
    GNOME 2.28
  • openSUSE 11.1, KDE 4.1
    openSUSE 11.1,
    KDE 4.1
  • openSUSE 11.1, KDE 3.5
    openSUSE 11.1,
    KDE 3.5
  • openSUSE 11.1, GNOME 2.24
    openSUSE 11.1,
    GNOME 2.24
  • openSUSE 11.0, KDE 4.0
    openSUSE 11.0,
    KDE 4.0
  • openSUSE 11.0, KDE 3.5
    openSUSE 11.0,
    KDE 3.5
  • openSUSE 11.0, GNOME
    openSUSE 11.0,
    GNOME
  • openSUSE 10.3, GNOME.
    openSUSE 10.3,
    GNOME.
  • openSUSE 10.3, KDE 3.
    openSUSE 10.3,
    KDE 3.

See also

[සංස්කරණය]
OpenSUSE හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.

References

[සංස්කරණය]
  1. ^ start Open-SLX. Open-slx.com (2010-07-22). Retrieved on 2010-11-09.
  2. ^ "Novell Completes Acquisition of SUSE LINUX". Novell Press Release. January 13, 2004. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2006-01-13.
  3. ^ Tina Gasperson (August 3, 2005). "Novell frees SUSE Professional under new branding". NewsForge. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2006-01-13.
  4. ^ a b c d Bryen Yunashko (July 15, 2010). "openSUSE 11.3 is here!". opensuse-announce mailing list. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2010-07-15.
  5. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". opensuse.org. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-01-13.
  6. ^ Managing Firm-Sponsored Open Source Communities masters thesis
  7. ^ "SUSE Linux 10.2 Alpha2 Release - and distribution rename". opensuse.org. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  8. ^ "SUSE Linux Becomes openSUSE". slashdot.org. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-03-03.
  9. ^ openSUSE Guiding Principles
  10. ^ openSUSE statistics
  11. ^ a b Novell.com
  12. ^ [opensuse-announce] Complete openSUSE Build Service under GPL available, http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-announce/2007-01/msg00002.html, ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 2010-11-11 
  13. ^ CowboyNeal (October 5, 2006). "SUSE 10.0 OSS Released". Slashdot. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-01-13.
  14. ^ Joe Harmon (September 19, 2005). "Packages on the retail version and not the OSS version of SUSE Linux 10.0". Novell.com. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-01-13.
  15. ^ Andreas Jaeger (May 11, 2006). "SUSE Linux 10.1 Release". opensuse-announce mailing list. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-01-13.
  16. ^ Francis Giannaros (October 4, 2007). "Announcing openSUSE 10.3 GM". openSUSE News. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-10-08.
  17. ^ "openSUSE 11.0 KDE4 inclusion".
  18. ^ a b "KDE with Stephan Binner".
  19. ^ "Sneak Peaks at openSUSE 11.0: Package Management".
  20. ^ openSUSE 11.1 Released!
  21. ^ "OpenSUSE 11.2 Review".
  22. ^ "OpenSUSE 11.2". සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2009-10-05. [භින්න වූ සබැඳිය]
  23. ^ Michael Loeffler (August 14, 2009). "Change in maintenance for openSUSE 11.2 and future versions". opensuse-announce mailing list. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
  24. ^ [opensuse-announce] SUSE Linux 10.1 "Remastered" available
  25. ^ OpenSUSE 11.1: Hardware Requirements
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