Urarn Ulambiyn
Sous-classe de | compétition internationale, compétition multisports, événement sportif récurrent ![]() |
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Asakud n ussrsl nɣ isllwi | 1896 ![]() |
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Sport | sport olympique ![]() |
Amussu | Olympic Movement ![]() |
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Organisateur ou organisatrice | Comité international olympique ![]() |
Participant | Viet Nam Sports Team ![]() |
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Texte régulateur | Charte olympique ![]() |
Acnyal | drapeau olympique ![]() |
Histoire | history of the Olympic Games, timeline of the Olympic Games ![]() |
Identifiant WordLift | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/olympic_games ![]() |
Urarn Ulambiyn niɣ d Ulambiyatn (s tfransist: Jeux olympiques)[1] gan igitn igraɣlann lli ẓimiẓnin ɣ wurarn n tunnunt smunn win unbdu d win tgrst, drun gisn afḍan n imanunn sɣ umaḍal akkʷ ɣ kigan n imcalatn.
Urarn Ulambiyn ttyawmnadn is gan amcala amanun da akkʷ imqqurn ɣ umaḍal s uggar n snat tmaḍt n trabbutin ku yat gisnt ar tssmnid kra n tmazirt ula kra n wakal igan win ixf nns. S unamk izwarn, urarn ad ar ttilin ɣ twala n tbrzatin akkʷ n umaḍal lli rad zrint ɣ usggʷas ann ɣ rad ilin (macc, kraygat asmil ar dars ittili yan usmad).[2] Urarn ulambiyn ar ttilin ɣ kra iga tt kkuẓ isggʷasn. Sɣ 1994, ar ttmyittin wurarn ad gr tnbdut d tgrst kra iga tt sin isggʷasn ɣ yan usarag n kkuẓ isggʷasn.[3][4]
Anẓam nnsn ittyasay d sɣ wurarn ulambiyn iqburn da tt inn kkanin ɣ Ulambya, ɣ tmazirt n Iyunan sɣ tasut tis 8 izwarn talalit ar tasut tis 4 da tt iḍfṛn. Abaṛun Pierre de Coubertin iskr Tamsmunt Tamaḍlant Tulambiyt (IOC) ɣ usggʷas 1896 ɣaylli isrgn ɣ wurarn imzwura n Atina ɣ 1896. IOC tga afrdis da islimurn ɣ Umussu ulambiy da akkʷ icckcamn timsmunin d middn da ttamẓnin adɣar ɣ wurarn ulambiyn. Igamman ulambiyn ar gllin manmk a rad tg tazzit nnsn d tanaya nnsn.
Azzigiz n umussu ulambiy ɣ tasut tis 20 d tis 21 yiwi d kigan n ussnfl i Urarn ulambiyn. Kra sɣ tnfalin ad iga tnt unẓam n wurarn ulambiyn n tgrst win tunnunin n utfl d uɣris, Urarn n inbḍuln win imanunn dar tlla kra n tɣawsa iẓlin, Urarn ulambiyn n wactal i imanunn mẓẓiynin gr 14 d 18 n usggʷas ɣ ultay, smmus wurarn imnẓawn (Tamirikt, Tafriqt, Asya, Urubba, d ugaru irggign), d wurarn imaḍlann da ur kcmnin ɣ Urarn ulambiyn. IOC tusi ula Diflambik d twlambiyn ẓlinin.
Imnɣitn imaḍlann amzwaru d wis sin sɣin assiki n wurarn n 1916, 1940, d 1944; yan wabbay iflin n wurarn ɣ wussan n imnɣi uṣmiḍ yiwi d yan udraw ikrin n tmizar ɣ 1980 d 1984;[5] d wurarn n 2020 lli maṭlnin ar 2021 s umntil n waṭṭan n COVID-19.
Amussu Ulambiy llant gis tmsmunin timaḍlanin n tunnunt (IFs) ilin Igrawn inamurn ulambiyn (NOCs) ilin daɣ igrawn n usnmala n wurarn ulambiyn nna llanin. IOC iga tamsmunt iskarn aɣtas, yili tanbaḍt ad isti man tiɣrmt ɣ rad ilin wurarn, ar daɣ isnmala mani s rad ftun iqaṛiḍn ddaw mad ttinin igamman ulambiyn. IOC ar istay ula aɣawas nnsn d man tunnunin a rad gisn ttyawhḍaṛnt. Llant imil ɣ wurarn ad mnnawt tmyurin d tẓṛiwin, zun d aknyal ulambiy d usafu ulambiy d tfugliwin n uṛẓẓum d urggal. Uggar n 14,000 n imazzaln ad imcalan ɣ wurarn n unbdu n 2020 d win Tgrst 2022 s sin, izri mayann ɣ kkuẓt tmrawin n wanawn n tunnunin d 448 n igitn. Wad izwarn d wis sin d wis kraḍ ɣ kra iga tt amcala ttṣaḥant asn tanallatin tiwlambiyn: tin wurɣ d tin uẓṛf d tin wanas.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Olympic_games_1908_London.jpg/220px-Olympic_games_1908_London.jpg)
Urarn ad ar ttimɣurn aylliɣ ur sul iɣama yan uwank war agnsas. Tamɣuri ad tiwi d kigan n tmukrisin d imsarasn, zun d abbay d utci n insmussa d tmctcut d lirhab. Kra iga tt sin isggʷasn, Urarn ad d umidya ar akkan i imanunn tamlda ad awin yat tsillit ɣ uswir anamur d umaḍlan. Urarn ar daɣ akkan yat tnyaft i tɣrmiwin d tmizar nna snubganin urar ad ad mlnt ixfawn nnsnt i umaḍal.
Amzruy
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Urarn ulambiyn iqburn (s tgrikit taqburt: τὰ Ὀλύμπια,ta Olympia) kkan tt inn yadlli gan inmuggarn n usgd d tunnunt da ttilinin ɣ kra iga tt kkuẓ isggʷasn ɣ udbni n Zus ɣ Ulimbiya ɣ tmazirt n Iyunan. Asakud n unmuggar ittyawstay s yat taṭumt imuttln lliɣ rad d yack wammas n unmuggar ɣ tis snat n tmayyurt ḍffṛ ulkkud n yizɣ d ittackan ɣ ma igan tamyurt ɣ tgira n wayyur n Ɣuct niɣ d ɣ tzwiri n Cutambir.[6]
Ibrraḥn ar nn ttyazann sɣ dar tɣrmt n Ilis ad ifsn i mddn ma iga wakud n urarn ad.[7] Ɣ tzwiri nns, amcala ad ikka tt inn iẓli i tarwa n idrfiyn n ayt iyunan hlli.[8] Maccan, lliɣ tkka Mqdunya f Iyunan fad s Irumaniyn, mraw n imḍkuḍn ulambiyn ssulwan sul adasil izwurn, fkn tamlda n udraw i wanna ka isawaln tagrikit.[9] Mraw n wafḍan n Igrikn ar kkatn tammara n umuddu afad ad ḥaḍṛn ɣ unmuggar.[10]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/In_the_earlist_times_a_simple_foot-race_was_the_only_event.jpg/220px-In_the_earlist_times_a_simple_foot-race_was_the_only_event.jpg)
Urarn ad kkan tt inn uman ɣ is izwarn ɣaylli izdin d tizzla ula ɣaylli n tamaɣt zun d azzaɣ d ubankrasu.
Laṣl n urarn ulambiyn ingḍ ɣ ugns n umiyn d tnfusin,[11] yan sɣ umiyn da bahra ttyawssanin ar ittini is d Iraql d babas Zus ad izwarn s Urarn ad ɣ middu n umiy Iraql lliɣ ismd snat d mrawt twuriwin ibna abaraz ulambiy s waddur n Zus,[12] ifta yan 200 mitru ɣ yan uḍṛf yuɣdn, isml as ilmma "stadyun" igan sul yan ufrdis n usɣal.[13]
Tafugla
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tafugla n uṛẓẓum
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Ɣmklli muzrn igamman Ulambiyn, llant tɣawsiwin myanawnin da gllinin manmk rad tzray tfugla n uṛẓẓum. Tafugla ad ar tzray ɣ wass n usimwas (Ljamɛ) ur ta ssntint trmitin timanunin (aysilad kra n imiṭcan n twjja n uḍar n ulkkud n tgrummawin d imiṭcan n twjja ilggʷaɣn).[14][15] Taggat n tmyurin n tfugla n uṛẓẓum ttyawstaynt ɣ wurarn n unbdu n 1920 ɣ Bljiga.[16] Tafugla da tssntay ɣiklli iggutn s ukccum n umɣar n ugraw amaḍlan ulambiy, imun dis yan umazan n tmazirt isnubgan urarn, d wallal n uknyal n tmazirt ad d irir n tiyyt nns tanamurt.[14][15] Iḍfṛ tt ad tssmnid tmazirt isnubgan yan usfsr n tẓuṛi n uẓawan d irir d uṣkaṣṣay d umzgun da immaln tadlsa n tmazirt ann.[16] Kra s ar zraynt tssutlin kra s ar rnnunt atig d ulwa d tmuttlt ukan kra iga tt amsnbgi ar ittmmaɣ ad ifk yat tfugla ur ittettun f tilli zrinin. tamɣra n uṛẓẓum n wurarn n Bikin ittyawnna is tḍṛ s yat tmiḍi n mlyun n idularn, amaka nns ikka tasga n ma izdin d tẓuṛi.[17]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/U.S._Olympic_Team_participates_in_2024_Opening_Ceremonies_in_Paris_%28240726-A-UW671-1010%29.jpg/220px-U.S._Olympic_Team_participates_in_2024_Opening_Ceremonies_in_Paris_%28240726-A-UW671-1010%29.jpg)
Kud nna rad imdu ugzzum n tẓuṛi, ar d kccmn imazzaln ɣ yan uẓbẓḍṛ, gdudn akkʷ s tmizar nnsn. Ɣ mad igan anmyur, tamazirt n Iyunan ad zwar ikccmn, d nttat ad iẓimẓn tarffakt afad ad ssimɣurn addur n iẓuran n wurarn ulambiyn. Ɣ tɣrdin nnsn, ar d ilmma kccmnt tmizar yaḍnin s unmala n id llif n tutlayt da tsti tmazirt ɣ llan wurarn mi ur kccmn imazzaln nns ar tigira.[14][15]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Bhutan_eniras.jpg/220px-2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Bhutan_eniras.jpg)
Tafugla n urggal
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Tafugla n urggal n ulambyatn ar tettili ɣ wass n usimwas mk ann mdan igitn imanunn akkʷ. Imasayn n iknyaln n kraygat tamazirt idran ɣ wurarn ar d kccmn s ubaraz, ḍfṛn tn imazzaln d kccmnin kullu ɣ yat tgrgurt, bla kra n ungiri s tmazirt nnsn.[18] Ukan, kraḍ iknyaln inamurn ad ittyalln s uflla asru ɣ ar ttyirirn tiyta nnsnt tinamurin, yan s yan: Aknyal n tmazirt ɣ llan wurarn d uknyal n tmazirt n Iyunan, afad ad ssimɣurn ansa n tlalit n wurarn ad d uknyal n tmazirt ɣ rad sul ilin wurarn n unbdu d win tgrst da d uckanin.[18] Amagr n tgrawt isnmalan d umɣar n tgrawt tagraɣlant n ulambyatn ar akkan awal nnsn n urggal, urarn ar ilmma rggln s unamk unṣib, ixsi usafu nnsn.
Timitar
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Amussu n Ulimpik ar isxdam izikiln bac ad immtal tiɣradin lli illan ɣ Uluḥ n Ulimpik. Azikil n Ulimpik, lli ittwassnn s izikiln n Ulimpik, iga t id smmus n tḥuna imun d ar immtal tamunt n smmus n iqarrayn ittuzḍarn (Tafriqt, Timarikanin (ar ttwaḥsabnt d yan uqarru), Asya, Uruppa, d Usyanya). Tanila n tḥuna s ilunan - azgzaw, awraɣ, asggan, azegzaw, d uzggʷaɣ - ɣ uflla n unnar umlil ar tga takbbut n Ulimpik. Ilunan ad twafrnn acku kraygat tamazirt tṭṭaf yan zɣ-sn ɣ tkbbut nns tanamurt. Takbbut ad twastit ɣ 1914 walaynni ur d tffiɣ abla ɣ Ulimpik n Unebdu n 1920 ɣ Anvers, Beljika. Zɣ ɣikan ar ttali ɣ kraygat tafaskt n Urarn.[19][20]
Taguri n Ulimpik, *Citius, Altius, Fortius*, awal s tlatinit lli itmmal "Fssus-n, Yattuyn, Ijhdn" twastit s Pierre de Coubertin ɣ 1894 tili d tanbaḍt zɣ 1924. Taguri ad yiwi tt id umddakkʷl n Coubertin, aqcic n tgmmi n rbbi Henri Didon OP, i yan umnaggar n imẓyann n Paris ɣ 1891.
Tunnunin
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]Aɣawas n wurarn ulambiyn llan gis 35 n wanaw n tunnunt, 30 n ifatliwn d 408 n igitn. S umdya, tamaẓla tga yat tunnunt tiwlambiyt n unbdu, teṭṭaf sin ifatliwn: Agriku-Aṛumani d ufristayl. Tbḍa sul s 14 n igitn dar irgazn d 4 dar tmɣarin, kraygat yat ar tskan yan usmil n taẓayt.[21] Aɣawas n unbdu iṭṭaf 26 n tunnunin, imma win tgrst ila 15.[22] Tizzla d ucucf d imiɣ s igsturn d tẓuṛi n inlbi ɣwid ur jju ssikin kra n uɣawas.
Accaḍ ɣ gr tmazirt d waccaḍ f uɣris d uhuki f uɣris d tukya n sski d sski s tiymmar llan ɣ kraygat aɣawas iwlambiy n tgrst sɣ wafas nns ɣ 1924. Tunnunin tulamiyn tiliwnin, zun d badminton, twjja n taryalt, d twjja ittaylaln, ẓran tifawt ɣ uɣawas gan tunnunin n uskan, ttyugant sul d tunnunin ussqnin n ulambyatn. Kra n tunnunin da tt inn kkanin ɣ wurarn mnck ayad ttyawflant sul. [23]
Tisuɣal
[ssnfl | Snfl asagm]- ↑ "Jeux Olympiques – Sports, Athlètes, Médailles, Rio 2016". International Olympic Committee. 22 October 2018.
- ↑ "Overview of Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ↑ The Associated Press (14 October 1986). "Olympics to Hold Events Every 2 Years : Winter Games to Be Split Off, Start Own 4-Year Cycle in '94". L.A. Times Archives. Los Angeles Times.
- ↑ Alan Riding (12 February 1993). "OLYMPICS: One Year to Lillehammer; '94 Olympics Are on Schedule Now That Budget Games Are Over". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024.
- ↑ "No Boycott Blues". olympic.org. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ↑ M.I. Finley and H.W. Pleket, The Olympic Games: The First Thousand Years (1976) at 26; see also Tony Perrottet, The Naked Olympics (2004) at 38. This was after the harvest but before the olive picking began. Id.
- ↑ Finley d Pleket ɣ 26, d Perrottet ɣ 38.
- ↑ Perrottet ɣ 49.
- ↑ Perrottet ɣ 50.
- ↑ Finley d Pleket ɣ 55. Kra n isuɣal da ttinin mas kra n 40,000 ad ittḥaḍaṛn. "Olympic Games" in The Classical Tradition (2010) at 654.
- ↑ Young 2004, p. 12.
- ↑ Pausanias, "Elis 1", VII, p. 9; Pindar, "Olympian 10", pp. 24–77
- ↑ "Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 et 14,2 "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 et 15,2 "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
- ↑ 16,0 et 16,1 "The development of the Games – Between festival and tradition" (PDF). The Modern Olympic Games (PDF). International Olympic Committee. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
- ↑ "Beijing Dazzles: Chinese History, on Parade as Olympics Begin". Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 8 August 2008. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ 18,0 et 18,1 "Closing Ceremony Factsheet" (PDF). The International Olympic Committee. 5 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
- ↑ "The Olympic Symbols" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
- ↑ Lennartz, Karl (2002). "The Story of the Rings" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 10: 29–61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ↑ "Wrestling". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
- ↑ "Sports". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ↑ "Olympic Sports of the Past". olympic.org. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2009.