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پاڪستان جي سياست: جي ورجائن ۾ تفاوت

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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox political system
| name = Politics of Pakistan
| native_name = سیاسیاتِ پاکستان
| image = State emblem of Pakistan.svg
| image_size = 130px
| caption = [[State emblem of Pakistan]]
| type = [[Federation|Federal]] [[parliamentary]] [[constitutional republic]]
| constitution = [[Constitution of Pakistan]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]]
| legislature_type = [[Bicameral]]
| upperhouse = [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]]
| upperhouse_speaker = [[Yusuf Raza Gilani]]
| upperhouse_speaker_title = [[Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan|Chairman]]
| upperhouse_appointer = Elected by the [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]]
| lowerhouse = [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| lowerhouse_speaker = [[Sardar Ayaz Sadiq]]
| lowerhouse_speaker_title = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan|Speaker]]
| lowerhouse_appointer = Elected by the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| title_hos = [[President of Pakistan|President]]
| current_hos = [[Asif Ali Zardari]]
| appointer_hos = [[Electoral College (Pakistan)|Electoral College]]
| title_hog = [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]
| current_hog = [[Shehbaz Sharif]]
| appointer_hog = [[Election Commission of Pakistan]] through [[Elections in Pakistan|General Elections]]:
by a [[Convention (norm)|Convention]] that is held in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], based on appointee's ability to [[Vote of confidence|command confidence]] among the majority of the members.
| cabinet = [[Cabinet of Pakistan]]
| current_cabinet = [[Second Shehbaz Sharif ministry|Shehbaz Sharif ministry]]
| cabinet_leader = [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]
| cabinet_appointer = [[President of Pakistan|President]]
| cabinet_hq = [[Pakistan Secretariat]]
| cabinet_ministries = 30
| judiciary = [[Judiciary of Pakistan]]
| court = [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]]
| judiciary_head = [[Chief Justice of Pakistan|Chief Justice]]
| chief_judge = [[Qazi Faez Isa]]
| court_seat = [[Supreme Court of Pakistan Building|Supreme Court Building]]
}}
{{Politics of Pakistan}}
⚫
'''پاڪستان جي سياست''' (Politics of Pakistan) آئين ۾ قائم ڪيل فريم ورڪ اندر ٿيندي آهي. ملڪ هڪ وفاقي پارلياماني جمهوريه آهي جنهن ۾ صوبائي حڪومتن کي اعليٰ درجي جي خودمختياري ۽ بقايا اختيار حاصل آهن. انتظامي طاقت قومي ڪابينا وٽ رکيل آهي جنهن جي سربراهي پاڪستان جي وزيراعظم، [[شهباز شريف]] (3 مارچ 20244 کان وٺي) ڪري ٿو، جيڪا ٻه رڪني پارليامينٽ ۽ عدليه سان ڪم ڪري ٿي. آئين پاران مقرر ڪيل شرطون حڪومت جي انتظامي، قانون ساز ۽ عدالتي شاخن جي وچ ۾ طاقت جي حصيداري جي نازڪ چيڪ ۽ توازن فراهم ڪن ٿيون.


⚫
'''پاڪستان جي سياست''' (سياسياتِ پاڪستان) آئين ۾ قائم ڪيل فريم ورڪ اندر ٿيندي آهي. ملڪ هڪ وفاقي پارلياماني جمهوريه آهي جنهن ۾ صوبائي حڪومتن کي اعليٰ درجي جي خودمختياري ۽ بقايا اختيار حاصل آهن. انتظامي طاقت قومي ڪابينا وٽ رکيل آهي جنهن جي سربراهي پاڪستان جي وزيراعظم، شهباز شريف (3 مارچ 2024 کان وٺي) ڪري ٿو، جيڪا ٻه رڪني پارليامينٽ ۽ عدليه سان ڪم ڪري ٿي. آئين پاران مقرر ڪيل شرطون حڪومت جي انتظامي، قانون ساز ۽ عدالتي شاخن جي وچ ۾ طاقت جي حصيداري جي نازڪ چيڪ ۽ توازن فراهم ڪن ٿيون.
The '''Politics of Pakistan''' ({{nastaliq|سیاسیاتِ پاکستان}} ; [[ISO15919|ISO]]: ''Siyāsiyāt-e-Pākistāna'') takes place within the framework established by the [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]]. The country is a [[Federal Republic|federal]] [[parliamentary republic]] in which [[Provinces of Pakistan|provincial governments]] enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the [[Cabinet of Pakistan|national cabinet]] which is headed by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] ([[Shehbaz Sharif]] since 3 March, 2024), who works with the bicameral [[Parliament of Pakistan|parliament]] and the [[Judiciary of Pakistan|judiciary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part1.html|title=Part I: "Introductory"}}</ref> Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate [[check and balance]] of [[Separation of powers|sharing powers]] between [[Cabinet of Pakistan|executive]], [[Parliament of Pakistan|legislative]], and [[Judiciary of Pakistan|judicial]] branches of the [[Government of Pakistan|government]].<ref>See [http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/ Part III: The Federation of Pakistan] of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]]</ref>

The [[head of state]] is the [[President of Pakistan|president]] who is elected by the [[Electoral College (Pakistan)|electoral college]] for a five-year term. [[Asif Ali Zardari]] is currently the president of Pakistan (since 2024). The president was a significant authority until the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|18th amendment]], passed in 2010, stripped the presidency of most of its powers. Since then, Pakistan has shifted from a [[Semi-presidential system]] to a purely [[parliamentary|parliamentary government]]. Since the amendment, the president's powers include the right to pardon and the ability to suspend or moderate any sentence passed by any court or authority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch3.html|title=Chapter 3: "The Federal Government" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"}}</ref>

The government consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The Executive branch consists of the Cabinet and is led by the Prime Minister. It is totally independent of the legislative branch that consists of a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[Parliament of Pakistan|parliament]]. The Upper House is the [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]] whilst the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] is the lower house.<ref name="Parliament of Pakistan press">{{cite web|last1=Parliament of Pakistan|title=Parliament of Pakistan|url=http://www.na.gov.pk/en/composition.php|website=na.gov.pk/|publisher=Parliament of Pakistan press|access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref> The [[Judiciary of Pakistan|Judicial branch]] forms with the composition of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] as an [[apex court]], alongside the [[High Courts of Pakistan|high courts]] and other [[Court system of Pakistan|inferior courts]].<ref name="Supreme Court of Pakistan Press, PDF">{{cite web|last1=Supreme Court|title=Court system of Pakistan|url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/user_files/File/thejudicialsystemofPakistan.pdf|website=supremecourt.gov.pk/|publisher=Supreme Court of Pakistan Press, PDF|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206120305/http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/user_files/File/thejudicialsystemofPakistan.pdf|archive-date=6 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Supreme Court of Pakistan press">{{cite web|last1=Supreme Court of Pakistan press|title=Judicature Branch|url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/page.asp?id=594|website=supremecourt.gov.pk/|publisher=Supreme Court of Pakistan press|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324012339/http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/page.asp?id=594|archive-date=24 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The judiciary's function is to interpret the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] and federal laws and regulations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/page.asp?id=110|title=The Judicature|access-date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124200758/http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/page.asp?id=110|archive-date=24 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part3.ch1.html|title=Chapter 1: "The President" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"}}</ref>

Pakistan is a [[Multi-party state|multiparty democracy]] where several political parties compete for seats in the National and Provincial assemblies. However, as an aftermath of the [[Fall of Dhaka]] in 1971, a two-party system was developed between the [[Pakistan People's Party|People's Party]] and [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]. There has also been a sharp rise in the popularity of centrist parties such as [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] and [[Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf|PTI]].<ref name="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">{{cite book|last1=Haqqani|first1=Husain|title=Pakistan between mosque and military|date=2005|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0870032852}}</ref><ref name="Routledge">{{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=c Mazhar|title=Military control in Pakistan : the parallel state|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0415544740|edition=Transferred to digital printing.}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] has historically played an [[Kingmaker|influential role]] in the country's politics,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Staniland |first=Paul |date=2008 |title=Explaining Civil-Military Relations in Complex Political Environments: India and Pakistan in Comparative Perspective |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636410802099022 |journal=Security Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=322–362 |doi=10.1080/09636410802099022 |issn=0963-6412}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Staniland |first=Paul |last2=Naseemullah |first2=Adnan |last3=Butt |first3=Ahsan |date=2020 |title=Pakistan’s military elite |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487 |journal=Journal of Strategic Studies |language=en |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=74–103 |doi=10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487 |issn=0140-2390}}</ref> although it has declined in recent years.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Malik |first=Adeel |last2=Tudor |first2=Maya |date=2024 |title=Pakistan's Coming Crisis |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/930428 |journal=Journal of Democracy |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=69–83 |issn=1086-3214}}</ref> From 1950s to 2000s, several [[Coup d'etat|coups]] were staged that overthrew democratic regimes.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book|last1=Hasan|first1=Mubashir|title=The mirage of power.|date=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi|isbn=9780195793000}}</ref><ref name="Yale University Press">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Owen Bennett|title=Pakistan eye of the storm|date=2003|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, Conn.|isbn=9780300101478|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref name="L. Rienner">{{cite book|last1=Chadda|first1=Maya|title=Building democracy in South Asia : India, Nepal, Pakistan|date=2000|publisher=L. Rienner|location=Boulder [etc.]|isbn=1555878598}}</ref><ref name="Brookings Institution Press">{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Stephen Philip|title=The idea of Pakistan|date=2006|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0815715030|edition=Rev.}}</ref> After the resignation of [[Pervez Musharraf|President Pervez Musharraf]] in 2008, a sharp line has been drawn between the "[[The Establishment (Pakistan)|military establishment]]" and politics and Pakistan is moving closer to becoming a [[democracy]] after [[2013 Pakistani general election|general elections in 2013]].<ref name="Anthem">{{cite book |title=A history of Pakistan origins |date=2004 |publisher=Anthem |isbn=1843311496 |editor1=Christophe Jaffrelot |edition=New |location=London |editor2=translated by Beaumont Gillian}}</ref><ref name="PublicAffairs">{{cite book |last1=Lieven |first1=Anatol |title=Pakistan a hard country |date=2011 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1610390231 |edition=1st |location=New York}}</ref> [[Imran Khan]] ascended to leadership in 2018 with the backing of the military, but was subsequently removed from power in 2022 after losing that support.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Military Disrupts Pakistan’s Democracy Once Again |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/05/10/military-disrupts-pakistan-s-democracy-once-again-pub-89724}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023 |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/pakistan-five-major-issues-to-watch-in-2023/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> However, he won re-election in 2024.<ref name=":1" /> No Prime Minister of Pakistan has ever completed their full length tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/9/factbox-no-pakistani-prime-minister-has-completed-a-full-tenure |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> I

{{Democracy Index rating|Pakistan|authoritarian regime|2023}} According to the [[V-Dem Democracy indices]] Pakistan was 2023 the 20th most electoral [[democracy in Asia|democratic country in Asia]].<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> In 2023, according to Freedom in the World, report by [[Freedom House]], Pakistan is categorised as a "partly free" country and it is categorised as "not free" in terms of internet freedom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/pakistan/freedom-world/2023 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref>


==حوالا==
==حوالا==

ورجاءُ بمطابق 12:48, 19 آگسٽ 2024ع

سانچو:Infobox political system سانچو:Politics of Pakistan پاڪستان جي سياست (Politics of Pakistan) آئين ۾ قائم ڪيل فريم ورڪ اندر ٿيندي آهي. ملڪ هڪ وفاقي پارلياماني جمهوريه آهي جنهن ۾ صوبائي حڪومتن کي اعليٰ درجي جي خودمختياري ۽ بقايا اختيار حاصل آهن. انتظامي طاقت قومي ڪابينا وٽ رکيل آهي جنهن جي سربراهي پاڪستان جي وزيراعظم، شهباز شريف (3 مارچ 20244 کان وٺي) ڪري ٿو، جيڪا ٻه رڪني پارليامينٽ ۽ عدليه سان ڪم ڪري ٿي. آئين پاران مقرر ڪيل شرطون حڪومت جي انتظامي، قانون ساز ۽ عدالتي شاخن جي وچ ۾ طاقت جي حصيداري جي نازڪ چيڪ ۽ توازن فراهم ڪن ٿيون.


The Politics of Pakistan (سیاسیاتِ پاکستان ; ISO: Siyāsiyāt-e-Pākistāna) takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by Prime Minister of Pakistan (Shehbaz Sharif since 3 March, 2024), who works with the bicameral parliament and the judiciary.[1] Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government.[2]

The head of state is the president who is elected by the electoral college for a five-year term. Asif Ali Zardari is currently the president of Pakistan (since 2024). The president was a significant authority until the 18th amendment, passed in 2010, stripped the presidency of most of its powers. Since then, Pakistan has shifted from a Semi-presidential system to a purely parliamentary government. Since the amendment, the president's powers include the right to pardon and the ability to suspend or moderate any sentence passed by any court or authority.[3]

The government consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The Executive branch consists of the Cabinet and is led by the Prime Minister. It is totally independent of the legislative branch that consists of a bicameral parliament. The Upper House is the Senate whilst the National Assembly is the lower house.[4] The Judicial branch forms with the composition of the Supreme Court as an apex court, alongside the high courts and other inferior courts.[5][6] The judiciary's function is to interpret the Constitution and federal laws and regulations.[7][8]

Pakistan is a multiparty democracy where several political parties compete for seats in the National and Provincial assemblies. However, as an aftermath of the Fall of Dhaka in 1971, a two-party system was developed between the People's Party and Muslim League. There has also been a sharp rise in the popularity of centrist parties such as PML-Q and PTI.[9][10] The Armed Forces has historically played an influential role in the country's politics,[11][12] although it has declined in recent years.[13] From 1950s to 2000s, several coups were staged that overthrew democratic regimes.[14][15][16][17] After the resignation of President Pervez Musharraf in 2008, a sharp line has been drawn between the "military establishment" and politics and Pakistan is moving closer to becoming a democracy after general elections in 2013.[18][19] Imran Khan ascended to leadership in 2018 with the backing of the military, but was subsequently removed from power in 2022 after losing that support.[20][21] However, he won re-election in 2024.[13] No Prime Minister of Pakistan has ever completed their full length tenure.[22] I

سانچو:Democracy Index rating According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Pakistan was 2023 the 20th most electoral democratic country in Asia.[23] In 2023, according to Freedom in the World, report by Freedom House, Pakistan is categorised as a "partly free" country and it is categorised as "not free" in terms of internet freedom.[24]

حوالا

  1. ↑ "Part I: "Introductory"". 
  2. ↑ See Part III: The Federation of Pakistan of the Constitution of Pakistan
  3. ↑ "Chapter 3: "The Federal Government" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"". 
  4. ↑ Parliament of Pakistan. "Parliament of Pakistan". na.gov.pk/. Parliament of Pakistan press. حاصل ڪيل 3 March 2015. 
  5. ↑ Supreme Court. "Court system of Pakistan" (PDF). supremecourt.gov.pk/. Supreme Court of Pakistan Press, PDF. وقت 6 February 2017 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 3 March 2015.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  6. ↑ Supreme Court of Pakistan press. "Judicature Branch". supremecourt.gov.pk/. Supreme Court of Pakistan press. وقت 24 March 2015 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 3 March 2015.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  7. ↑ "The Judicature". وقت 24 November 2018 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 3 March 2015.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
  8. ↑ "Chapter 1: "The President" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"". 
  9. ↑ Haqqani, Husain (2005). Pakistan between mosque and military. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. ISBN 0870032852. 
  10. ↑ Aziz, c Mazhar (2009). Military control in Pakistan : the parallel state (Transferred to digital printing. ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415544740. 
  11. ↑ Staniland, Paul (2008). "Explaining Civil-Military Relations in Complex Political Environments: India and Pakistan in Comparative Perspective" (en ۾). Security Studies 17 (2): 322–362. doi:10.1080/09636410802099022. ISSN 0963-6412. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636410802099022. 
  12. ↑ Staniland, Paul; Naseemullah, Adnan; Butt, Ahsan (2020). "Pakistan’s military elite" (en ۾). Journal of Strategic Studies 43 (1): 74–103. doi:10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487. ISSN 0140-2390. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Malik, Adeel; Tudor, Maya (2024). "Pakistan's Coming Crisis". Journal of Democracy 35 (3): 69–83. ISSN 1086-3214. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/930428. 
  14. ↑ Hasan, Mubashir (2000). The mirage of power.. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195793000. 
  15. ↑ Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan eye of the storm (2nd ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300101478. 
  16. ↑ Chadda, Maya (2000). Building democracy in South Asia : India, Nepal, Pakistan. Boulder [etc.]: L. Rienner. ISBN 1555878598. 
  17. ↑ Cohen, Stephen Philip (2006). The idea of Pakistan (Rev. ed.). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0815715030. 
  18. ↑ A history of Pakistan origins (New ed.). London: Anthem. 2004. ISBN 1843311496. 
  19. ↑ Lieven, Anatol (2011). Pakistan a hard country (1st ed.). New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1610390231. 
  20. ↑ "The Military Disrupts Pakistan’s Democracy Once Again". https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/05/10/military-disrupts-pakistan-s-democracy-once-again-pub-89724. 
  21. ↑ "Pakistan: Five major issues to watch in 2023". Brookings. حاصل ڪيل 2023-07-08. 
  22. ↑ "No Pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office". www.aljazeera.com. حاصل ڪيل 2023-10-21. 
  23. ↑ V-Dem Institute. "The V-Dem Dataset". حاصل ڪيل 14 October 2023. 
  24. ↑ "Pakistan: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. حاصل ڪيل 2023-10-21. 
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