Studying the degradation of propagation delay on FPGAs at the European XFEL

L Lanzieri, L Butkowski, J Kral, G Fey… - 2024 27th Euromicro …, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
2024 27th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2024ieeexplore.ieee.org
An increasing number of unhardened commercial-off-the-shelf embedded devices are
deployed under harsh operating conditions and in highly-dependable systems. Due to the
mechanisms of hardware degradation that affect these devices, ageing detection and
monitoring are crucial to prevent critical failures. In this paper, we empirically study the
propagation delay of 298 naturally-aged FPGA devices that are deployed in the European
XFEL particle accelerator. Based on in-field measurements, we find that operational devices …
An increasing number of unhardened commercial-off-the-shelf embedded devices are deployed under harsh operating conditions and in highly-dependable systems. Due to the mechanisms of hardware degradation that affect these devices, ageing detection and monitoring are crucial to prevent critical failures. In this paper, we empirically study the propagation delay of 298 naturally-aged FPGA devices that are deployed in the European XFEL particle accelerator. Based on in-field measurements, we find that operational devices show significantly slower switching frequencies than unused chips, and that increased gamma and neutron radiation doses correlate with increased hardware degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of developing machine learning models that estimate the switching frequencies of the devices based on historical and environmental data.
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