… hardware, software, information, and time redundancy and the practical knowledge of designing
fault-tolerant hardware … this was the reliability problems with electronic equipment which …

… section; implementation issues involved in design diversity as … real-life systems and the
experiments reported in [Voges 88]. … of hardware-fault tolerant commercial systems will increase …

… The only two previous design methods that can apply to any multiprocessor structure … specific
interconnection structures. We will later compare the hardware complexities of the designs …

… Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly … by incorporating extra hardware into
the design to either detect … ; we discuss fault-tolerance issues associated with these. Finally, …

… Instead of focusing on manufacturing problems, such as defective level or realistic faults [25],
[26], this paper concentrates on component failures that can occur after a long period of …

… to obtain truly fault tolerant physical neural networks that … in hardware, and/or in the quest
to find fault-tolerant computing … into an optimization problem solved by nonlinear optimization …

… We believe that practical hardware implementations are necessary to make such a flexible
… than fault-tolerant applications. With the successful experiment on the exclusive-OR problem, …

… real-life safety-related systems have begun to use design … a set of hardware- and
software-fault-tolerant architectures and … A sidebar addresses the cost issues related to …

… On the other hand, to meet the real-time requirements cryptosystems are often implemented
… complex designs, both on hardware and software is a serious issue. The problem becomes …

… hardware … practical issues that must be addressed to build a robust, complete, and
automated system. We also describe several design choices that arise for implementing fault-tolerant …