What evolutionary events led to the emergence of human cognition? Although the genetic
differences separating modern humans from both non-human primates (for example, …

Abstract Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie many of the phenotypic
differences between species. However, large-scale analyses of gene expression evolution were …

Although humans and their closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees, are 98.7%
identical in their genomic DNA sequences, they differ in many morphological, behavioral, and …

The determination of the chimpanzee genome sequence provides a means to study both
structural and functional aspects of the evolution of the human genome. Here we compare …

Microarray technologies allow the identification of large numbers of expression differences
within and between species. Although environmental and physiological stimuli are clearly …

We have analyzed gene expression in various brain regions of humans and chimpanzees.
Within both human and chimpanzee individuals, the transcriptomes of the cerebral cortex are …

It has been suggested that evolutionary changes in gene expression account for most
phenotypic differences between species, in particular between humans and apes. What general …

In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of developmental processes
often changes as organisms evolve. In human evolution, developmental retardation, or …

With few exceptions, current methods for short read mapping make use of simple seed
heuristics to speed up the search. Most of the underlying matching models neglect the necessity …

Background During microRNA (miRNA) maturation in humans and flies, Drosha and Dicer
cut the precursor transcript, thereby producing a short RNA duplex. One strand of this duplex …