Our ability to understand the function, pathology and regeneration ability of an organ system
is handicapped without knowledge of its normal structure. Electron microscopy and, later, …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses cause severe infection in chickens
at near complete mortality, but corresponding infection in ducks is typically mild or …

Synthesis of parasite specific IgE plays a critical role in the defence against helminth
infections. We report here that IgE from serum from Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and …

This detailed review describes the structure and function of bone marrow, thymus, bursa of
Fabricius, spleen, eye associated lymphoid tissue, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue …

We have generated the first transgenic chickens in which reporter genes are expressed in a
specific immune cell lineage, based upon control elements of the colony stimulating factor 1 …

Mammalian three-dimensional (3D) enteroids mirror in vivo intestinal organisation and are
powerful tools to investigate intestinal cell biology and host–pathogen interactions. We have …

We studied the immunological responses in the lung, brain and spleen of ducks and
chickens within the first 7 days after infection with H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). …

Colibacillosis results from infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Healthy
broilers are resistant to inhaled E. coli, but previous infection with vaccine or virulent strains …

In mammals, the inducible cytokine interleukin 10 is a feedback negative regulator of
inflammation. To determine the extent to which this function is conserved in birds, recombinant …

Natural killer (NK) cell activity is conserved throughout vertebrate development, but
characterization of non-mammalian NK-cells has been hampered by the absence of specific mAbs …