Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia
are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the …

CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular
communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although …

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription
factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies,
accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central …

Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling
hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor…

CC chemokines (or β-chemokines) are 28 chemotactic cytokines with an N-terminal CC
domain that play an important role in immune system cells, such as CD4 + and CD8 + …

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese patients.
This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and TLR4, …

Vanadium belongs to the group of transition metals and is present in the air and soil
contaminants in large urban agglomerations due to combustion of fossil fuels. It forms numerous …

This review compiles the current knowledge on the effects of prostanoids - arachidonic acid
metabolites - on their own synthesis, activity and degradation. Interaction mechanisms …

Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of
immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine …