PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors are associated with a specific spectrum of immune-related adverse
events. This spectrum is different from toxicities known for kinase inhibitors or cytotoxic …

Cutaneous melanoma causes 55 500 deaths annually. The incidence and mortality rates of
the disease differ widely across the globe depending on access to early detection and …

Background Ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blocking antibody,
has been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and induces adverse events (AE) …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is growth inhibitory for normal epithelial cells and
melanocytes but can stimulate mesenchymal cells. Resistance to its inhibitory effects is …

Most patients with BRAF V600 -mutant metastatic melanoma develop resistance to selective
RAF kinase inhibitors. The spectrum of clinical genetic resistance mechanisms to RAF …

Recently, we and others identified the microRNA miR-34a as a target of the tumor suppressor
gene product p53. Ectopic miR-34a induces a G1 cell cycle arrest, senescence and …

Background Complete lymph node dissection is recommended in patients with positive
sentinel lymph node biopsy results. To date, the effect of complete lymph node dissection on …

Background Patients with melanoma harbouring Val600 BRAF mutations benefit from treatment
with BRAF inhibitors. However, no targeted treatments exist for patients with BRAF wild-…

Background Anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibodies represent an effective
treatment option for metastatic melanoma as well as for other cancer entities. They act via …

Background Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies represent an effective treatment
option for metastatic melanoma and other cancer entities. They act via blockade of the PD-…