Muhammad Waqas

Agronomy crops made easy! Few facts about FUNGI - Largest group of pathogens *forms of FUNGI 1. NECROTROPHS- these organisms kill and feed on dead or rotten plant tissue e.g in root rots 2. BIOTROPHS- these feed on the living cells of the host plant. They are parasitic in nature. e.g smuts, powdery mildew 3. HEMIBIOTROPHS- these combine the behaviour of the above two organisms. They start to feed on the living organism cells and later kill its host and continue to feed. Important of FUNGI a) Helps in decomposing plant materials b) Can be used for medicinal purpose e.g penicillin c) Food preparation e.g confectionery like making bread. other's beer brewing d) Helps in water and nutrients uptake like zinc and phosphorus. use of mycorrhizae Reproduction - Both by Sexual reproduction and with genetic variation. Asexual, mostly identical offspring or clones. * commonly many reproduces by spores. Pathogenesis *Penetrates the leaf surface into cells of the plant. - Cutinase and cellulase enzymes are released from spore surface to assist adhesion. -the penetration peg develops from the appressorium to break through the cuticle and cell wall. * moist conditions and wind plays a pivotal role for dispersion and infection. Signs/symptoms - whitish/greyish Fruiting bodies - concentric circles or rings on lessions - Brownish like in rust -pustules Effects - Disrup reproduction e.g corn smuts - Damage to grains e. g aflatoxins - Disrup translocation e.g fusarium wilt - Quality and Nutrients in produce gets affected - Trade restrictions due to poor quality - Financial losses due to trade restrictions and customer appealing

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I had done drone spray at Thal Industries sugar Crops research institute(TSCRI) Lalian, chinot, Punjab,Pakistan for control of Sugarcane Pyrilla and whitefly *Drone Spray Technology:* Drone spray technology utilizes unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sprayers to apply pesticides, fertilizers, or other agricultural inputs. This technology offers: 1. Precision application 2. Increased efficiency 3. Reduced chemical usage 4. Enhanced crop monitoring 5. Cost savings *Sugarcane Pyrilla Control:* Sugarcane pyrilla (Pyrilla perpusilla) is a significant pest in sugarcane cultivation. Drone spray technology can be used to control pyrilla using: 1. Insecticides (e.g., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam) 2. Biopesticides (e.g., Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis) 3. Neem oil-based formulations *Whitefly Control:* Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is another major pest affecting sugarcane. Drone spray technology can be employed to control whitefly using: 1. Insecticides (e.g., pyrethroids, neonicotinoids) 2. Biopesticides (e.g., Verticillium lecanii, Paecilomyces lilacinus) 3. Horticultural oils (e.g., garlic oil, citronella oil) *Drone Spray Parameters:* For effective drone spray application: 1. Nozzle type: Flat fan or hollow cone nozzles 2. Spray volume: 5-10 liters/ha 3. Droplet size: 100-200 microns 4. Flight height: 2-5 meters above crop canopy 5. Wind speed: <10 km/h *Regulations and Safety:* Ensure compliance with local regulations and safety guidelines: 1. Obtain necessary permits and licenses 2. Wear protective gear (e.g., masks, gloves) 3. Avoid spraying during peak bee activity 4. Follow label instructions for pesticides *Benefits:* Drone spray technology offers several benefits for sugarcane pyrilla and whitefly control: 1. Reduced labor costs 2. Increased efficiency 3. Improved crop yields 4. Enhanced environmental sustainability *Challenges:* While drone spray technology shows promise, challenges remain: 1. Initial investment costs 2. Training and expertise required 3. Weather conditions (e.g., wind, rain) 4. Regulatory frameworks *Future Directions:* Research and development focus areas: 1. Autonomous drone navigation 2. AI-powered spray optimization 3. Integration with precision agriculture 4. Development of eco-friendly pesticides By leveraging drone spray technology, sugarcane farmers can improve pest management, reduce chemical usage, and enhance crop productivity.

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Drip Irrigation System Drip irrigation is one of the most effective methods for saving water and providing appropriate nutrition to plants. This system, also known as localized or drip irrigation, offers numerous benefits, including: 1- Water Conservation 2- Improved Plant Health 3- Enhanced Nutrient Management 4- Weed Control 5-Cost-Effectiveness 6- Flexibility and Scalability 7- Reduced Soil Erosion

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Alhmdulilah I'm happy to share that obtained a new certificate of Completion from #USSEC Topics, #Fundamental Of Poultry Production #Hatchery And Brooding Management #Broiler Production And Management #Layer Hen production And Management #Poultry Nutrition #Biosecurity #Heat Stress Management #poultry Value chain Overview #Record Economy And Marketing Thanx to: #USSoyExcellenceCentre

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#Striping is a technique used during milking process which means removing of some streams of milk before attaching the milking machine. We can used this technique for several reasons 1-✅ Health check as diagnosis of any abnormalities in milk, clinical and sub-clinical Mastitis, injuries etc 2-✅ Stimulating Milk letdown 3-✅ Removing Bacteria as initial streams contain higher bacteria load and dirt. So stream helps in ensure that there is no dirt in milk supply Note:🍁 Regularly use this technique for quality milk production and supply #dairyfarming #livestock #farmers #Mastitis #udder_Health #Pakistan #Ireland #canada #eurofarmers

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١ تعليق واحد

Growth of ovarian follicles in Cattle •growth of ovarian follicles occurs in following distinct patterns during following phases (1) The growing phase It's consist of recruitment,and selection and dominance and atresia of subordinate follicles (2) The static phase it's included preparation of ovulation or regression (3) The regression phase It's included regression of the dominant follicle and preparation for the subsequent wave A=Emergence of new follicular wave is supposed by a transit (one or two days) increase in follicle- stimulating hormones (FSH) coinciding with the emergence of a follicular wave . B=peak (FSH) concentration occur just before wave Emergence and than subsequently decline over several days concurrently follicles grow and reach approximately (8.0mm) in diameter C= These follicles grow at a constant rate and than this group of growing follicles is divided into a single dominant and several subordinate follicles D= Typically deviation begins when the diameter of the largest follicles reached at 8.0 mm. #veterinary assistant #Dairy farming #veterinary medicine

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