الْآجُرُّومِيَّةُ_فِي_اَلنَّحْوِ
الْآجُرُّومِيَّةُ_فِي_اَلنَّحْوِ
الْآجُرُّومِيَّةُ_فِي_اَلنَّحْوِ
َ َّ ْ ْ ُ َ ِّ َ ُ ْ ُ ُّ َّ ُ
وﻣﻴﺔِ Cﻲﻓ اﺠﺤ ِﻮ @ @اﻵﺟﺮ ِ Dاﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻵ
ﺎﺳ ﱡﻲ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﻐﺮِﺑِ ﱡﻲ ْاﻟ َﻤﺎﻟِﻜِ ﱡﻲ )ت ٧٢٣ :ﻫـ(
ﺎﺟﻲ ْاﻟ َﻔ ِِ ﻣﺤ ﱠﻤ ُﺪ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َد ُاو َد ) ْاﺑ ُﻦ ُﺟ ِ ِ
اﻟﺼﻨْ َﻬ ﱡ وم( ﱢ آﺟ ﱡﺮ َ َأ ﱠﻟ َﻔ ُﻪَ :أ ُﺑﻮ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ اﷲُ ,ﻣ َ
اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻔ ﱡﻲ.
ي ﱠ
اﻟﺪ ِ ِ
ﻳﻦ ْﻟاﻟﻤ ْﺼﺮِ ﱡ ـﺎن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻧ ْﺼﺮِ ﱢ
اﻟﺮ ْﺣ َﻤــٰ ِﻦَ ,ﻋ ْﻤ ُـﺮو ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻫ ْﻴ َﻤ َ
ﻋﺒﺒﺪ ﱠ
ﺿﺒﻂ َﻧﺼﻪَ :أﺑﻮ ﻋ ِ
َﺿ َ ﱠ ُ ُ َ ْ
ij
jk
k
اب ﺎت ْ ِ
اﻹ ْﻋ َﺮ ِ ت .٣ﺑﺎب ﻣﻌﺮِ َﻓ ِﺔ ﻋ َﻼﻣ ِ
َ َ َ ُ َ ْ
ﱡﻮن.
ﻒَ ,واﻟﻨﱡ ُ اﻟﻀ ﱠﻤ ُﺔَ ,وا ْﻟَﻮ ُاوَ ,و ْاﻷَﻟِ ُ
ﺎت :ا ﱠ * ﻟِﻠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ َأرﺑﻊ ﻋ َﻼﻣ ٍ
َُْ َ َ ﱠ
ﱠﻜ ِْﺴـﻴﺮِ,
اﻟﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ِدَ ,و َﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜ
اﻻ ْﺳ ِﻢ ُ اﺿ َﻊ :ﻓِﻲ ِﻻ ُﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ َأرﺑﻌ ِﺔ ﻣﻮ ِ
ََْ ََ اﻟﻀ ﱠﻤ ُﺔُ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ َ ﱠ َ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ ﱠ
ﺎر ِع ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻢ ﻳ ﱠﺘ ِﱠﺼ ْﻞ ﺑِ ِ
ﺂﺧﺮِ ِه َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء. ْ َ ﻟﺴﺎﻟِ ِﻢَ ,وا ْﻟِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ِ ِ
اﻟﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧﱠﺚ ا ﱠ
َو َﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ ُ
َ ْ ْ ُ َ ِّ َ ُ ْ ُ ُّ َّ ُ
وﻣﻴﺔِ Cﻲﻓ اﺠَّﺤﻮ@@ @@@@@@@@Dاﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻵﺟﺮ ِ ٢
ُﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﻣﻮ ِﺿﻌﻴ ِﻦ :ﻓِﻲ ﺟﻤ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮِ اﻟﺴـﺎﻟِ ِﻢ ,وﻓِـﻲ اﻷَﺳـﻤ ِ
ﺎء ْ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َْ اﻟﻮ ُاو; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ َ ﱠ َ .٢و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َ
ﻮكَ ,و ُذو ﻣ ٍ ﻮك ,وﺣﻤ ِ ا ْﻟﺨََ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ َ −و ِﻫ َﻲَ :أ ُﺑ َ
ﺎل .− َ ﻮكَ ,و ُﻓ َ ﻮكَ ,و َأ ُﺧ َ َ َ ُ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َ .٣و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَﻟِ ُ
ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟ ﱠﻠﺮ ْﻓ ِﻊ ﻓﻲَ :ﺗ ْﺜﻨ َﻴﺔ ْاﻷَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎء َﺧ ﱠ
ﺎﺻ ًﺔ. ﻒ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ
ـﻤ ُﻴﺮ َﺗ ْﺜﻨ ِ َﻴـ ٍـﺔ,
ـﺎر ِع إِ َذا ا ﱠﺗﱠﺼـ َـﻞ ﺑِـ ِـﻪَ :ﺿـ ِ
َ ـﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ـ ًﺔ ﻟِ ﱠﻠﺮ ْﻓ ـ ِﻊ ﻓِــﻲ :ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌـ ِ
ـﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀـ ِ َ .٤و َأ ﱠﻣــﺎ اﻟﻨﱡـ ُ
ـﻮن; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜـ ُ
َأ ْو َﺿ ِﻤ ُﻴﺮ َﺟ ْﻤ ٍﻊَ ,أ ْو َﺿ ِﻤ ُﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧ َﺜ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺨََ ﺎ َﻃ َﺒ ِﺔ.
***
ﱡﻮن.ف اﻟ ﱡﻨ ِ ﻒَ ,وا ْﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َﺮ ُةَ ,وا ْﻟ َﻴﺎ ُءَ ,و َﺣ ْﺬ ُ ﺎت :ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤ ُﺔَ ,و ْاﻷَﻟِ ُ ﺐ َﺧﻤﺲ ﻋ َﻼﻣ ٍ
* َوﻟﻠﻨﱠ ْﱠﺼ ِ ْ ُ َ َ
ِ
اﻟﻤ ْﻔـ َـﺮ ِدَ ,و َﺟ ْﻤ ـ ِﻊ ِ ِ ِ ِ ـﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ـ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﱠﺼـ ِ ِ
ـﺐ ﻓــﻲ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛــﺔ َﻣ َﻮاﺿـ َـﻊ :ﻓــﻲ اﻻ ْﺳ ـ ِﻢ ُ ْ َ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣــﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤ ـ ُﺔُ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜـ ُ َ َ
ﺂﺧﺮِ ِه َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء.َﺎﺻﺐ و َﻟﻢ ﻳ ﱠﺘ ِﱠﺼ ْﻞ ﺑِ ِ ِ ِ
ﺎر ِع إِ َذا َد َﺧ َﻞ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َﻧ ٌ َ ْ َ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜ ِْﺴﻴﺮَِ ,وا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ِ
ﺖ َأ َﺑـﺎ َك َو َأ َﺧـﺎ َك(. ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﺨَ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ر َأ ْﻳ ُﺐ ﻓِﻲْ :اﻷَﺳﻤ ِ
ْ َ ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠ ْﱠﺼ ِ ﻒ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ .٢و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ْاﻷَﻟِ ُ
اﻟﺴﺎﻟِ ِﻢ. ِ
ﺐ ﻓﻲَ :ﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧﱠﺚ ﱠ
ُﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﱠﺼ ِ ِ
ْ َ .٣و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َﺮ ُةُ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ َ
ﺐ ﻓِﻲ :اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺜﻨ ِ َﻴ ِﺔَ ,وا ْﻟ َﺠ ْﻤ ِﻊ. ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠ ْﱠﺼ ِ
َ .٤و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻴﺎ ُء; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ
ﺎت اﻟ ﱡﻨ ِ
ﱡﻮن. ﺎل ا ْﻟﺨََ ﻤﺴ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ر ْﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺜﺒ ِ ﺐ :ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌ ِ ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﻨﱠ ْﱠﺼ ِﱡﻮن; َﻓ َﻴ ُﻜ ُ ف اﻟ ﱡﻨ ِ َ .٥و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺣ ْﺬ ُ
َ َُ َ ْ َ
***
ث ﻋ َﻼﻣ ٍ
ﺎت :ا ْﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َﺮ ُةَ ,وا ْﻟ َﻴﺎ ُءَ ,وا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤ ُﺔ. * َوﻟِ ْﻠﺨََ ْﻔ ِ
ﺾ َﺛ َﻼ ُ َ َ
اﺿـﻊ :ﻓِـﻲ ِاﻻﺳـ ِﻢ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻔـﺮ ِد ا ْﻟﻤﻨْْﺼـﺮِ ِ ِ ِ ُﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠﺨََ ْﻔ ِ ِ
ف, ُ َ ُ َ ْ ﺾ ﻓﻲ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛﺔ َﻣ َﻮ َ َ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َﺮ ُةُ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ َ
اﻟﺴﺎﻟِ ِﻢ. ِ ِ ِ
َو َﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜْﺴﻴﺮِ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َْﺼﺮِفَ ,و َﺟ ْﻤ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧﱠﺚ ﱠ
اﺿﻊ :ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَﺳﻤ ِ
ﺎء ا ْﻟﺨََ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔَ ,وﻓِـﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺜﻨ ِ َﻴ ِـﺔ, ْ َ
ِ ِ
ﺾ ﻓﻲ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛﺔ َﻣ َﻮ َ
ُﻮن ﻋ َﻼﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠﺨََ ْﻔ ِ ِ
َ .٢و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻴﺎ ُء; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ َ َ
َوا ْﻟ َﺠ ْﻤ ِﻊ.
ِ
ﺾ ﻓِﻲ :اﻻ ْﺳ ِﻢ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻻ َﻳﻨْ َْﺼﺮِ ُ
ف. ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠﺨََ ْﻔ ِ
َ .٣و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤ ُﺔُ; َﻓ َﺘ ُﻜ ُ
***
٣
اﻵ ِﺧﺮِ.
ﻴﺢِ ْﻵ
ﺤ ِ ﺎر ِع ااﻟﺼ ِ
ﱠ ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺠﺰْْ ِم ﻓِﻲ :ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ِ
ُﻮن; َﻓ َﻴ ُﻜ ُ
اﻟﺴ ُﻜ ُ َ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ ﱡ
ـﺎل ـﺎر ِع ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺘ ﱢَـﻞ ْاﻵ ِﺧـﺮَِ ,وﻓِـﻲ ْاﻷ
ﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌ ِ ُﻮن َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺠﺰْْ ِم ﻓِﻲ :ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ِ
ف; َﻓ َﻴ ُﻜ ُ َ .٢و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﺬ ُ
ﱡﻮن.ت اﻟ ﱡﻨ ِﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ر ْﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺜﺒ ِ
َ َُ َ
َ .٤ﻓ ْﺼ ٌﻞ
َﺎت ,وﻗِﺴﻢ ﻳﻌﺮب ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺤﺮ ِ ﺴﻢ ﻳﻌﺮب ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺤﺮ َﻛ ِ ﺎت ﻗِﺴﻤ ِ ِ
وف. ُ ُ َ ْ ٌ ُ َْ ُ َ َ ﺎن :ﻗ ْﺴ ٌ ُ ْ َ ُ * ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺮ َﺑ ُ ْ َ
اﻟﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧ ِ
اﻟﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُدَ ,و َﺟ ْﻤ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜ ِْﺴﻴﺮَِ ,و َﺟ ْﻤ ُـﻊ ُﻤ ِ ِ َ .١ﻓﺎ ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺮ
ﱠـﺚ ﻌﺮ ُب ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ َﺮ َﻛَﺎت َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ُﺔ َأ ْﻧ َﻧﻮا ٍع :اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ُ
ﺂﺧﺮِ ِه َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء.ﺎرع ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻢ ﻳ ﱠﺘ ِﱠﺼ ْﻞ ﺑِ ِ
ْ َ اﻟﻤ َﻀ ِ ُ
ِ ِ
اﻟﺴ ﻟﺎﻟ ُﻢَ ,واﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ ا ُ
ﱠ
ُﻮن. ﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤ ِﺔَ ,و ُﺗُﺨْْ َﻔ ُﺾ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َﺮ ِةَ ,و ُﺗ ُْﺠﺰََ ُم ﺑِ ﱡﺴ
ﺎﻟﺴ ُﻜ ِ −و ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ ُﺗُﺮ َﻓﻊ ﺑِ ﱠ ِ
ﺎﻟﻀ ﱠﻤﺔَ ,و ُﺗﻨْ َْﺼ ُ َ َ ْ ُ
ـﻢ ا ﱠﻟ ِـﺬي َﻻ ِ ِ ﱠـﺚ اﻟ ِ ﻚ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷﻴﺎء :ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤ َﺆ ﱠﻧ ِ َ −و َﺧ َﺮ َج َﻋ ْﻦ َذﻟِ َ
ـﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻜ َْﺴ َـﺮةَ ,واﻻ ْﺳ ُ ﺐﻟﺴـﺎﻟ ُﻢ ُﻳ ْﻨ َْﺼ ُ ﱠ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ
آﺧﺮِ ِه.
ف ِ ﺎرع ا ْﻟﻤﻌ َﺘ ﱡَﻞ ْاﻵ ِﺧﺮِ ﻳﺠﺰََ م ﺑِﺤ ْﺬ ِ
ُ ْ ُ َ
ِ ِ
ف ُﻳ ْﺨْ َﻔ ُﺾ ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻔ ْﺘ َْﺤﺔَ ,واْﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ِ ُ ُ ْ َﻳﻨْ َْﺼﺮِ ُ
ﻟﺴــﺎﻟِ ُﻢَ ,و ْاﻷ
ﻷَ ْﺳـ َـﻤﺎ ُء اﻟﻤـ َـﺬ ﱠﻛﺮِ اﻟ ﱠ
ـﻊ ُ وف َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌـ ُﺔـﺔ َأ ْﻧـ َـﻮا ٍع :اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺜﻨ ِ َﻴ ـ ُﺔَ ,و َﺟ ْﻤـ ُﻊ
ﺤﺮ ِ
َ .٢وا ﱠﻟــﺬي ُﻳ ْﻌـ َـﺮ ُب ﺑِــﺎ ْﻟ ُﺤ ُ
ِ
ﻴﻦ.− ِ
ﻮنَ ,و َﺗ ْﻔ َﻌﻠ َﻮنَ ,و َﺗ ْﻔ َﻌ ُﻠ َ ﻤﺴ ُﺔَ ,و ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌﺎ ُﺎل ا ْﻟﺨََ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ َ −و ِﻫﻲ :ﻳ ْﻔ َﻌ َﻼ ِنَ ,و َﺗ ْﻔ َﻌ َﻼ ِ
ﻼنَ ,و َﻳ ْﻔ َﻌ ُﻠ َن ا ْﻟﺨََ ْﻤ َ
َ َ
ﺎء.ﻒ ,و ُﺗﻨْْﺼﺐ و ُﺗ ُْﺨْ َﻔ ُﺾ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻴ ِ ﻷَﻟِ َِ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺜﻨ ِ َﻴ ُﺔَ :ﻓ ُﺘ ُْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷ
َ َ َ ُ َ
ْﺼﺐ وﻳﺨْْ َﻔ ُﺾ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻴ ِ .٢و َأﻣﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮِ ﺴ ِ
ﺎء. َ اﻟﺴﺎﻟ ُﻢَ :ﻓ ُﻴ ْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻮ ِاوَ ,و ُﻳﻨْ َﺼ ُ َ ُ ﱠ َ ﱠ َ ْ ُ ُ
ﻒ ,و ُﺗ ُْﺨْ َﻔ ُﺾ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻴﺎ ِ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺨََ ﻤﺴ ُﺔَ :ﻓ ُﺘُﺮ َﻓﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻮ ِاو ,و ُﺗﻨْْﺼﺐ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷَﻟِ ِ
ﺎء. َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ .٣و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَ ْﺳ َ ُ
ﺐ َو ُﺗ ُْﺠﺰََ ُم ﺑِ َﺤ ْﺬﻓِ َﻬﺎ. َ .٤و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌ ُﺎل اﻟﺨََ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔَ :ﻓ ُﺘ ُْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱡﱡﻮ ِ
ﻮنَ ,و ُﺗﻨْ َْﺼ ُ
ﺎب اﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌ ِ
ﺎل َ −٥ﺑ ُ
اﺿﺮِ ْب(.
وأ ْﻣ ٌﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﺿ َﺮ َبَ ,و َﻳ ْﻀﺮِ ُبَ ,و ْﺿ ﺎضَ ,و ُﻣ َﻀ ِ
ﺎر ٌعَ ,و َ * ْاﻷَ ْﻓ َﻌ ُﺎل َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔَ :ﻣ ٍ
ﻒَ ,واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﱠﻮﻛِ ُﻴﺪُ َ ,وا ْﻟ َﺒ َﺪَ ُل.− ﺖَ ,وا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻄ ُ )إِ ﱠن( َو َأ َﺧ َﻮاﺗِ َﻬﺎَ ,واﻟ ﱠﺘﱠﺎﺑِ ُﻊ ﻟِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﺮ ُﻓﻮ ِع َ −و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء :اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻌ ُ
ﺎﻋ ِﻞ −٧ﺑﺎب ْاﻟ َﻔ ِ
َ ُ
ُﻮر َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ ﻓِ ْﻌ ُﻠ ُﻪ. ِ ِ
ﻮع ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ ُﻛ ُ * ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﻋ ُﻞُ :ﻫ َﻮ اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮ ُﻓ ُ
ﺎﻫﺮٍَ ,و ُﻣ ْﻀ َﻤﺮٍ. * وﻫﻮ ﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻗِﺴﻤﻴ ِﻦَ :ﻇ ِ
ْ َْ َ ُ َ َ
انَ ,وﻳ ُﻘــﻮ ُم اﻟﺰﱠﱠ ﻳـ َـﺪَ ِ
انَ ,و َﻗــﺎ َم ْ َ
ـﻚَ ) :ﻗــﺎ َم زََ ﻳــﺪٌٌ َ ,وﻳ ُﻘــﻮ ُم زََ ﻳــﺪٌٌ َ ,و َﻗــﺎ َم اﻟﺰﱠﱠ ﻳــﺪََ ِ
ْ ْ َ ْ ـﺎﻫ ُﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤـ ُـﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِـ َ
َ .١ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﻈـ ِ
ـﺖ ِﻫ ْﻨ ٌْـﺪٌ ,و َﺗ ُﻘـﻮم ِﻫ ْﻨْـﺪٌٌ ,و َﻗﺎﻣ ِ ـﺎلَ ,و َﻗ َﺎﻣ ْ اﻟﺮ َﺟ ُ اﻟﺮ َﺟ ُ
ـﺖ َ َ ُ َ ـﺎلَ ,و َﻳ ُﻘـﻮ ُم ﱢ ونَ ,و َﻗـﺎ َم ﱢ ونَ ,و َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم اﻟﺰﱠﱠ ْﻳـﺪُُ َ
اﻟﺰﱠﱠ ْﻳﺪُُ َ
ات ,و َﻗﺎﻣ ِ ان ,و َﻗﺎﻣ ِ
ﺖ ا ْﻟ ُﻬﻨُُﻮ ُدَ ,و َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻬﻨُُﻮ ُدَ ,و َﻗﺎ َم اتَ ,و َﺗ ُﻘﻮ ُم ا ْﻟ ِﻬﻨْْﺪََ ُ َ َ ﺖ ا ْﻟ ِﻬﻨْْﺪََ ُ انَ ,و َﺗ ُﻘﻮ ُم ا ْﻟ ِﻬﻨْْﺪََ ِ َ َ ا ْﻟ ِﻬﻨْْﺪََ ِ
ﻮكَ ,و َﻗﺎ َم ُﻏ َﻼ ِﻣﻲَ ,و َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم ُﻏ َﻼ ِﻣﻲ(. ﻮكَ ,و َﻳ ُﻘﻮ ُم َأ ُﺧ َ َأ ُﺧ َ
ﺖ ,و َﺿـﺮﺑ ِ
ﺖَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ ْﺑ ُﺘ َُﻤﺎ, َ .٢وا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﺮ ا ْﺛ َﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺖَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ ْﺑ َﻨَﺎَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ ْﺑ َ َ َ ْﻚَ ) :ﺿ َـﺮ ْﺑ ُ
ﺖَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑﺎَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ ُﺑﻮاَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ ْﺑ َﻦ(. َو َﺿ َﺮ ْﺑ ُﺘ ُْﻢَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ ْﺑ ُﺘ ﱠُﻦَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َبَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ْ
ﻮل ﱠاﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻢ َﻓ ِ
ﺎﻋ ُﻠ ُﻪ ﺎب ْاﻟﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌ ِ
ْ َُ ﱠ َ −٨ﺑ ُ َ
* وﻫﻮِ :اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻓﻮع ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻢ ﻳ ْﺬ َﻛَﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ َﻓ ِ
ﺎﻋ ُﻠ ُﻪ. ْ ُ ْ َ َُ ْ ُ َْ ُ َ ُ َ
آﺧﺮِ ِه.
ﺎﺿﻴﺎُ :ﺿﻢ َأو ُﻟﻪ و ُﻛ ُِﺴﺮ ﻣﺎ َﻗﺒ َﻞ ِ
ﱠ ﱠ ُ َ َ َ ْ
ِ َ −ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻛ َ ِ
َﺎن اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ َﻣ ً
٥
ﺿـﺮِ ْﺑ ُﺘ َُﻤﺎ, ﺖ ,و ُﺿـﺮِﺑ ِ اﻟﻤ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﺮ ا ْﺛﻨََﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺖَ ,و ُﺿ ْ ﺖَ ,و ُﺿـﺮِ ْﺑ َﻨَﺎَ ,و ُﺿـﺮِ ْﺑ َ َ ﻚُ ) :ﺿـﺮِ ْﺑ ُ َ .٢و ُ
َو ُﺿﺮِ ْﺑ ُﺘ ُْﻢَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ ْﺑ ُﺘ ﱠُﻦَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ َبَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ َﺑ ْ
ﺖَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ َﺑﺎَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ ُﺑﻮاَ ,و ُﺿﺮِ ْﺑ َﻦ(.
ﺎب ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ َﺘ َﺪ ُأ َو ْاﻟ َﺨ َﺒﺮِ
َ −٩ﺑﺎ ُ
اﻣ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔﻈِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ.
ﺎري َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ َﻌ َﻮ ِﻣ ﻮع اﻟ َﻌ ِ * ا ْﻟﻤﺒﺘ ُأ :ﻫﻮ ِ
ﻤﺮ ُﻓ ُ
اﻟﻤ ْ
ﻫﻮ اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ َُ ْ َ ََﺪَ ُ َ
اﻟﻤ ْﺴﻨَ َُﺪُ إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ.
ﻮع ُ * َوا ْﻟﺨََ َﺒ ُﺮُ :ﻫ َﻮ ِاﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ َﻤ
اﻟﻤ ْﺮ ُﻓ ُ
ون َﻗﺎﺋِ ُﻤ َ
ﻮن((. ان َﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤ ِ
ﺎنَ ,واﻟﺰﱠﱠ ْﻳﺪُُ َ اﻟﺰﱠ ﻳ َﺪَ ِ ِ
ﻚ) :زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻢَ ,و ﱠ ْ َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺎﻫ ٌﺮَ ,و ُﻣ ْﻀ َﻤ ٌﺮ. ﺎنَ :ﻇ ِ ﻗﺴ َﻤ ِ* َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ َﺘ ََﺪَ ُأ ﻗِ ْﺴ
ﺎﻫ ُﺮ; َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘﺪﱠﱠ َم ِذ ْﻛ ُﺮْﺮ ُه. َ .١ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﻈ ِ
ـﺖ ,و َأ ْﻧ ِ
ْـﺖَ ,و َأ ْﻧ ُﺘ َُﻤـﺎَ ,و َأ ْﻧْـ ُﺘ ُْﻢَ ,و َأ ْﻧْـ ُﺘ ﱠُﻦَ ,و ُﻫ َـﻮ, ِ
ـﻲَ :أ َﻧَـﺎَ ,و َﻧ َْﺤ ُ
ـﻦَ ,و َأ ْﻧْـ َ َ َ .٢وا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﺮ ا ْﺛ َﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َـﺮ; َوﻫ َ
َو ِﻫ َﻲَ ,و ُﻫ َﻤﺎَ ,و ُﻫ ْﻢَ ,و ُﻫ ﱠﻦ.
ﻮن(َ ,و َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟِ َ
ﻚ. ﻚَ ) :أ َﻧَﺎ َﻗﺎﺋِ ٌﻢَ ,و َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻦ َﻗﺎﺋِ ُﻤ َن َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺎنُ :ﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٌدَ ,و َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٍد. ﺴﻤ ِ ِ
* َوا ْﻟﺨََ َﺒ ُﺮ ﻗ ْﺴ َ
ﻚ) :زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َﻗﺎﺋِ ٌﻢ(. َ .١ﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺎﻋ ِﻠ ِﻪَ ,وا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ َﺘَـَـﺪََ ُأ َﻣ َـﻊ
ف ,وا ْﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُﻞ ﻣﻊ َﻓﺎ ِ
ورَ ,واﻟ ﱠﻈ ْﺮ ُ َ ْ َ َ
ِ
اﻟﻤ ْﻔ َﺮد َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء :ا ْﻟ َﺠ ﱡﺎر َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺮ َُ .٢و َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُ
ﺎرﻳ ُﺘﻪ َذ ِ ِ ِ َﺧ َﺒﺮِ ِه; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
اﻫ َﺒ ٌﺔ(. ﻚ) :زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﱠﱠ ِار(َ ,و)زََ ْﻳ ٌﺪٌ ﻋ ْﻨ َْﺪَ َك(َ ,و)زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َﻗﺎ َم َأ ُﺑﻮ ُه(َ ,و)زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َﺟ ِ َ ُ
اﻟﻤ ْﺒ َﺘ َﺪأِ َو َ
اﻟﺨ َﺒﺮِ اﻟﺪاﺧ َﻠﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُ
ﻞ ﱠ ِ ِ ﻣﻞﺎب ْاﻟ َﻌ َﻮ ِاﻣ ِ َ −١٠ﺑ ُ
َﺎن َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َُﻬﺎَ ,وإِ ﱠن َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َﻬُﻬﺎَ ,و َﻇ َﻨ ْﻨ ُ
ْﺖ َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َُﻬﺎ. * َو ِﻫ َﻲ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َءَ :ﻛ َن
ِ ِ
ﺐ اﻟﺨََ َﺒ َﺮ. ﻻﺳ َﻢَ ,و َﺗﻨْْﺼ ُ َ .١ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻛ َ
َﺎن َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َُﻬﺎَ :ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺗ َْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ اﻻ ْ
َ ْ ْ ُ َ ِّ َ ُ ْ ُ ُّ َّ ُ
وﻣﻴﺔِ Cﻲﻓ اﺠَّﺤﻮ@@ @@@@@@@@Dاﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻵﺟﺮ ِ ٦
ـﺎرَ ,و َﻟـ ْﻴ َﺲَ ,و َﻣـﺎ زََ َالَ ,و َﻣـﺎ ـﺤﻰَ ,و َﻇ ﱠـﻞَ ,و َﺑ َ
ـﺎتَ ,و َﺻ َ َﺎنَ ,و َأ ْﻣ َﺴﻰَ ,و َأ ْﺻـ َﺒ َﺢَ ,و َأ ْﺿ َ َ −و ِﻫ َﻲَ :ﻛ َ
ُـﻦَ ,و َأ ْﺻـ َﺒ َﺢ ف ِﻣ ْﻨ َْﻬـﺎ َ −ﻧ َْﺤ ُـﻮَ :ﻛ َ
َـﺎنَ ,و َﻳ ُﻜ ُ
ُـﻮنَ ,و ُﻛ ْ ﻚَ ,و َﻣﺎ َﻓﺘِ َﺊَ ,و َﻣﺎ َﺑـﺮِ َحَ ,و َﻣـﺎ َدا َمَ ,و َﻣـﺎ َﺗ ََﺼ ﱠـﺮ َ
ا ْﻧ َﻔ ﱠ
َو ُﻳ ْﺼﺒِ ُﺢَ ,و َأ ْﺻﺒِ ْﺢ .−
ﺎﺧ ًﺼﺎ(َ ,و َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟِ َ
ﻚ. َﺎن َزَ ﻳ ٌﺪٌ َﻗﺎﺋِﻤﺎ( ,و) َﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻤﺮو َﺷ ِ
ً َ ْ َ َ ٌْ ﻮلَ ) :ﻛ َ ْ َﺗ ُﻘ ُ
ﺐ ِاﻻ ْﺳ َﻢَ ,و َﺗ َْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ اﻟﺨََ َﺒ َﺮ. ِ
َ .٢و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إِ ﱠن َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َُﻬﺎَ :ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺗ ْﻨْﺼ ُ
ﺖَ ,و َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻞ. َ −و ِﻫ َﻲ :إِ ﱠنَ ,و َأ ﱠنَ ,و َﻟﻜِ ﱠﻦَ ,و َﻛ ََﺄ ﱠنَ ,و َﻟ ْﻴ َ
ﺖ ﻋﻤﺮا َﺷ ِ ِ
ﺎﺧ ٌﺺ(. ﻮل) :إِ ﱠن زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا َﻗﺎﺋ ٌﻢ(َ ,و) َﻟ ْﻴ َ َ ْ ً َﺗ ُﻘ ُ
ـﺖ( ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘ َﱠﻤﻨﱢﱢـﻲ,
اكَ ,و) َﻛ ََـﺄ ﱠن( ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘ ْﱠﺸـﺒِ ِﻴﻪَ ,و) َﻟ ْﻴ َ
ﻴـﺪ ,و) َﻟﻜِـﻦ( ﻟِ ِﻼﺳـﺘِ ْﺪْ ر ِ
ْ َ ﱠ َ
−وﻣﻌﻨََﻰ) :إِ ﱠن ,و َأ ﱠن( ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘﱠﻮﻛِ ِ
ْ َ ََ ْ
َو) َﻟ َﻌ ﱠﻞ( ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘ َﱠﺮ ﱢﺟﻲ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ َﱠﻮ ﱡﻗ ِﻊ.
ﻮﻻ ِن َﻟ َﻬﺎ.
ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ َﺘَﺪََ َأ َوا ْﻟ َﺨَ َﺒ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﱠﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻣ ْﻔ ُﻌ َ ِ
ْﺖ َو َأ َﺧ َﻮا ُﺗ َُﻬﺎَ :ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧﱠﻬﺎ َﺗﻨْْﺼ ُ َ .٣و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻇﻨَ ْﻨ ُ
ـﺖَ ,و َو َﺟ ْـﺪْ ُتَ ,وا ﱠﺗ َﱠﺨَ ْـﺬ ُت,ـﺖَ ,و َﻋ ِﻠ ْﻤ ُ ـﺖَ ,و َر َأ ْﻳ ُ
ـﺖَ ,وزََ َﻋ ْﻤ ُ ﺖَ ,و ِﺧ ْﻠ ُ ْﺖَ ,و َﺣ ِﺴـ ْﺒ ُ َ −و ِﻫ َﻲَ :ﻇﻨَ ْﻨ ُ
ﺖ. ﺖَ ,و َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُ َو َﺟ َﻌ ْﻠ ُ
ﻚ. ﺎﺧ ًﺼﺎ(َ ,و َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟِ َ ﺖ ﻋﻤﺮا َﺷ ِ ِ ِ
ْﺖ َزَ ْﻳ ًﺪً ا ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻄﻠ ًﻘﺎ(َ ,و)ﺧ ْﻠ ُ َ ْ ً ﻮلَ ) :ﻇ َﻨ ْﻨ ُ َﺗ ُﻘ ُ
ﺖ −١١ﺑﺎب اﻟﻨﱠﻌ ِ
َ ُ ْ
ﻮت ﻓِﻲ َر ْﻓ ِﻌ ِﻪَ ,و َﻧ َْﺼﺒِ ِﻪَ ,و َﺧ ْﻔ ِﻀ ِﻪَ ,و َﺗ ْﻌﺮِ ِﻳﻔ ِﻪ َو َﺗﻨْْﻜِﻴﺮِ ِه. ﺖَ :ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ ﻟِ ْﻠﻤﻨْﻌ ِ
ٌ َ ُ * اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻌ ُ
ﺖ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِ َﻞ(َ ,و) َﻣ َﺮ ْر ُت ﺑِ َﺰَ ْﻳ ٍﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِ ِﻞ(.ﻮلَ ) :ﻗﺎ َم َزَ ْﻳ ٌﺪٌ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِ ُﻞ(َ ,و) َر َأ ْﻳ ُ َ −ﺗ ُﻘ ُ
* َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺮِ َﻓ ُﺔ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء:
ِ
ْﺖ(. .١اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :أ َﻧَﺎَ ,و َأ ْﻧ َ
َ .٢و ِاﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ) :زََ ْﻳ ٍﺪَ ,و َﻣ ﱠﻜ َﺔ(.
َ .٣و ِاﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒ َﻬ ُﻢ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻫ َﺬاَ ,و َﻫ ِﺬ ِهَ ,و َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء(.
اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ(َ ,و)ا ْﻟ ُﻐ َُﻼ ِم(.
اﻟﻼ ُم; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ ) :ﱠ ﻒ َو ﱠ َ .٤و ِاﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِ ِﻴﻪ ْاﻷَﻟِ ُ
اﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻷَ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ِﺔ. ﻴﻒ إِ َﻟﻰ و ِ
َ َ .٥و َﻣﺎ ُأ ِﺿ َ
آﺧ َﺮ.
ون َ * واﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﻜِﺮ ُةُ :ﻛ ﱡُﻞ اﺳ ٍﻢ َﺷﺎﺋِ ٍﻊ ﻓِﻲ ِﺟﻨْ ِْﺴ ِﻪَ ,ﻻ ﻳﺨْْ َﺘَﺺ ﺑِ ِﻪ و ِ
اﺣ ٌﺪٌ ُد َ َ َ ﱡ ْ َ َ
٧
ﻮل ﺑِ ِﻪ
ﺎب ْاﻟﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌ ِ
َ −١٦ﺑ ُ َ
* وﻫﻮِ :اﻻﺳﻢ ا ْﻟﻤﻨْْﺼﻮب ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳ َﻘﻊ ﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ ِ
اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ. َ ُ َ ْ ْ ُ َ ُ ُ َ ُ َ
ﺖ اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ َس(. ﺖ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا(َ ,و) َرﻛِ ْﺒ ُ ﻚَ ) :ﺿ َﺮ ْﺑ ُ َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺎﻫ ٌﺮَ ,و ُﻣ ْﻀ َﻤ ٌﺮ. ﺎنَ :ﻇ َِو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ِ
َ .١ﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﻈ ِ
ﺎﻫ ُﺮ; َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘﺪﱠﱠ َم ِذ ْﻛ ُْﺮ ُه.
ﺎنُ :ﻣ ﱠﺘ ِﱠﺼ ٌﻞَ ,و ُﻣﻨْ َﻔ ِﺼ ٌﻞ. َ .٢وا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﺮ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ِ
ﻚ ,و َﺿـﺮﺑ ِ ِ َ .١ﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﺘ ِﱠﺼ ُﻞ ا ْﺛ َﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُـﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﻚَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ َﺑ ُﻜ َُﻤﺎ, ـﻚَ :ﺿ َـﺮ َﺑﻨﻲَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ َﺑ َﻨَﺎَ ,و َﺿ َـﺮ َﺑ َ َ َ َ
َو َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻜ ُْﻢَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻜ ﱠُﻦَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻪَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ َﻬﺎَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻬ َﻤﺎَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻬ ْﻢَ ,و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ.
ـﺎك ,وإِﻳ ِ
ـﺎكَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳﺎ ُﻛ َُﻤـﺎَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳـﺎ ُﻛ ُْﻢَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳـﺎ ُﻛ ﱠُﻦ, ِ ِ
ـﺎيَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳﺎ َﻧَـﺎَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳ َ َ ﱠ ـﻲ :إِ ﱠﻳ َ َ .٢وا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻔﺼ ُﻞ ا ْﺛ َﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ; َوﻫ َ
ﺎﻫ ﱠﻦ.ﺎﻫ ْﻢَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳ ُﺎﻫ َﻤﺎَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳ ُ
ﺎﻫﺎَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳ ُ َوإِ ﱠﻳﺎ ُهَ ,وإِ ﱠﻳ َ
ﺎب ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺼ َﺪ ِر
َ −١٧ﺑ ُ
ﻳﻒ ِﺠﻲء َﺛﺎﻟِ ًﺜﺎ ﻓِﻲ َﺗَﺼﺮِ ِ ِ ِ
اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ. ْ ﻮب ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻳ ِ ُ
* ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺼ َﺪَ ُرُ :ﻫ َﻮ اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُْﺼ ُ
َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﺿ َﺮ َب َﻳ ْﻀﺮِ ُب َﺿ ْﺮ ًﺑﺎ(.
ِ * َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ِ
ي. ﺎنَ :ﻟ ْﻔﻈ ﱞﻲَ ,و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَ َِﻮ ﱞ
َ .١ﻓﺈِ ْن َوا َﻓ َﻖ َﻟ ْﻔ ُﻈ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻆ ﻓِ ْﻌ ِﻠ ِﻪ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻟ ْﻔﻈِ ﱞﻲ; َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻗ َﺘ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻗ ْﺘ ًْﻼ(.
ـﺖ ُﻗ ُﻌــﻮ ًداَ ,و ُﻗ ْﻤـ ُ
ـﺖ ي; َﻧ َْﺤـ ُـﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِـ َ
ـﻚَ ) :ﺟ َﻠ ْﺴـ ُ .٢وإِ ْن وا َﻓـ َـﻖ ﻣﻌﻨَــﻰ ﻓِﻌ ِﻠـ ِـﻪ د َ ِ ِ
ون َﻟ ْﻔﻈــﻪ َﻓ ُﻬـ َـﻮ َﻣ ْﻌﻨَـ ِـﻮ ﱞ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ
ُو ُﻗﻮ ًﻓﺎ(.
اﻟﻤ َﻜ ِ ِ اﻟﺰ َﻣ ِ −١٨ﺑﺎب َﻇﺮ ِ
ﺎن ﺎنَ ,و َﻇ ْﺮف َ ف ﱠ َ ُ ْ
ﻮب ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺪﻳﺮِ )ﻓِﻲ(. اﻟﺰﱠ َﻣ ِ
ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُْﺼ ُ ف اﻟﺰﱠﱠ َﻣ ِ
ﺎنُ :ﻫ َﻮ ْاﺳ ُﻢ ﱠ َ .١ﻇ ْﺮ ُ
٩
ﺎﺣﺎَ ,و َﻣ َﺴـﺎ ًءَ ,و َأ َﺑـﺪًً ا, َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ :ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َمَ ,واﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ َﻠ َﺔَ ,و ُﻏـ ْـﺪْ َو ًةَ ,و ُﺑ ْﻜ َْـﺮ ًةَ ,و َﺳ َ
ـﺤ ًﺮاَ ,و َﻏـﺪًً اَ ,و َﻋ َﺘ َﻤَﻤـ ًﺔَ ,و َﺻـ َﺒ ًﺣ
ﻚ. َو َأ َﻣﺪًًﺪاَ ,و ِﺣﻴﻨًﺎَ ,و َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟِ َ
ﻮب ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺪﻳﺮِ )ﻓِﻲ(. َﺎنُ :ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻜ ِ
َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُْﺼ ُ ﻟﻤ َﻜ ِ ف اﻟ َ َ .٢و َﻇ ْﺮ ُ
ﺖَ ,و ِﻋﻨْْـﺪََ َ ,و َﻣ َـﻊَ ,وإِزََ ا َءَ ,و ِﺣ َـﺬا َءَ ,ووﺗِ ْﻠ َﻘـﺎ َء, ﻒَ ,و ُﻗ ﱠﺪﱠﺪا َمَ ,و َو َرا َءَ ,و َﻓ ْﻮ َقَ ,و َﺗ َْﺤ َ َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ :أ َﻣﺎ َمَ ,و َﺧ ْﻠ َ
ﻚ. َو ُﻫﻨََﺎَ ,و َﺛ ﱠﻢَ ,و َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟِ َ
ﺎب ْاﻟَﺤ ِ
ﺎل َ −١٩ﺑ ُ
َﺎت.
ت* ا ْﻟﺤ ُﺎل :ﻫﻮ ِاﻻﺳﻢ ا ْﻟﻤﻨْْﺼﻮب ا ْﻟﻤ َﻔﺴﺮ ﻟِﻤﺎ ا ْﻧﺒﻬﻢ ِﻣﻦ ا ْﻟﻬﻴ َﺌ ِ
ُ َ ْ ُ َ ُ ُ ُ ﱢ ُ َ ََ َ َ َ ْ َ
ﻴﺖ َﻋ ْﺒﺪََ ااﷲ ِ َراﻛِ ًﺒﺎ(.
ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺮ َس ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺮ ًﺟﺎ(َ ,و) َﻟ ِﻘ ُ ﻚَ ) :ﺟﺎ َء زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َرااﻛِ ًﺒﺎ(َ ,و) َرﻛِ ْﺒ َُﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ُﻮن ﺻ ِ
ﺎﺣ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ ﱠإﻻ َﻣ ْﻌﺮِ َﻓ ًﺔ. َﻜِ َﺮ ًةًَ ,و َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜُﻮ ُ
ُﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺤ ُﺎل ﱠإﻻ َﻧﻜ
ﻮن ﱠإﻻ َﺑ ْﻌﺪََ َﺗ َﻤَﻤﺎ ِم ا ْﻟ َﻜ ََﻼ ِمَِ ,و َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ * َو َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ
اﻟﺘ ْﻤﻴِ ِﻴﺰﺎب ﱠ َ −٢٠ﺑ ُ
اﻟﺬو ِ ِ ِ ِ
ات.
ت اﻟﻤ َﻔ ﱢﺴ ُﺮ ﻟ َﻤﺎ ا ْﻧ َﺒ َﻬ َﻢ ﻣ َﻦ ﱠ َ ﻮب ُ * اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﱠﻤﻴِﻴﺰُُ ُ :ﻫ َﻮ اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُْﺼ ُ
ﺖ ﺐ زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َﻋ َﺮ ًﻗﺎ(َ ,و)َﺗ َﻔ ﱠﻘ َﺄ َﺑ ْﻜ ٌْﺮ َﺷ ْﺤ ًﻤﺎ(َ ,و)َﻃـﺎ َب ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤـﺪٌٌ َﻧ ْﻔَﻔ ًﺴـﺎ(َ ,و) ْاﺷ
ﺷـ َﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُ ﻚَ ) :ﺗ ََﺼ ﱠﺒ ََﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ْﻚ َو ْﺟ ًﻬﺎ(. ﻴﻦ َﻧ ْﻌ َﺠ ًﺔ(َ ,و)زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َأ ْﻛ َﺮْﺮ ُم ِﻣ ْﻨ َ
ْﻚ َأ ًﺑﺎ(َ ,و) َأ ْﺟ َﻤ ُﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ َ ِﻋ ْﺸﺮِﻳﻦ ُﻏ َﻼﻣﺎ( ,و)ﻣ َﻠ ْﻜ ُ ِ ِ
ْﺖ ﺗ ْﺴﻌ َ ً َ َ َ
ُﻮن ﱠإﻻ َﺑ ْﻌﺪََ َﺗ ََﻤﺎ ِم اﻟ َﻜ ََﻼ ِم. ُﻮن ﱠإﻻ َﻧَﻜِ َﺮ ًةًَ ,و َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ
* َو َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ
ﺳﺘِ ْﺜﻨَ ِ
ﺎء ﺎب ِاﻻ ْﺳ َ −٢١ﺑ ُ٢
ـﻲ :ﱠإﻻَ ,و َﻏ ْﻴ ُـﺮَ ,و ِﺳ َـﻮىَ ,و ُﺳ َـﻮىَ ,و َﺳ َﻮ ِ * وﺣﺮ ُ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ـﻮا ٌءَ ,و َﺧ َـﻼَ ,و َﻋـﺪََ ا, وف ااﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺜﻨََﺎء َﺛ َﻤﺎﺎﻧ َﻴ ٌﺔ; َوﻫ َ َ ُُ
َو َﺣ َﺷ
ﺎﺷﺎ.
َﺎن ﻟ َﻜ
اﻟﻜ ََﻼ ُم َﺗَﺎﻣﺎ ُﻣﻮ َ
ﻮﺟ ًﺒﺎ. ﻰ ﺑِﺈِ ﱢﻻُ :ﻳﻨْ َْﺼ ُ
ﺐ إِ َذا َﻛ َ ﺎﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺜﻨََﻰ
َ .١ﻓ ُ
ﱠﺎس ﱠإﻻ َﻋ ْﻤ ًﺮا(. اﻟﻘﻘ ْﻮ ُم ﱠإﻻ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا(َ ,و) َﺧ َﺮ َج اﻟ ﱠﻨ ُ َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻗﺎ َم َ
َﺎن اﻟ َﻜ ََﻼم ﻣ ْﻨ ِْﻔﻴﺎ َﺗَﺎﻣﺎ :ﺟﺎزََ ﻓِﻴ ِﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺪََ ُل واﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﺼﺐ ﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ِﻻﺳﺘِ ْﺜ َﻨ ِ
َﺎء. َ .٢وإِ ْن َﻛ َ
ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ ُ َ
ﻚَ ) :ﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َم اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُم ﱠإﻻ زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ َوإِ ﱠﻻ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا(. َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺐ اﻟ َﻌ َﻮ ِاﻣ ِﻞ.
َﺎن َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺣ َﺴ ِ َﺎن اﻟ َﻜ ََﻼ ُم َﻧَﺎﻗِ ًﺼﺎَ :ﻛ َ َ .٣وإِ ْن َﻛ َ
َ ْ ْ ُ َ ِّ َ ُ ْ ُ ُّ َّ ُ
وﻣﻴﺔِ Cﻲﻓ اﺠَّﺤﻮ@@ @@@@@@@@Dاﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻵﺟﺮ ِ ١٠
ﺖ ﱠإﻻ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا(َ ,و) َﻣﺎ َﻣ َﺮ ْر ُت ﱠإﻻ ﺑِ َﺰَ ْﻳ ٍﺪ(. َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﻚَ ) :ﻣﺎ َﻗﺎ َم ﱠإﻻ زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ (َ ,و) َﻣﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ْﺑ ُ
ٍ ِ
* َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺜﻨََﻰ ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮٍَ ,وﺳ ًﻮىَ ,و ُﺳ ًﻮىَ ,و َﺳ َﻮاءَ :ﻣ ْﺠ ُﺮ ٌ
ور َﻻ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ.
اﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺜﻨََﻰ ﺑِﺨََ َﻼَ ,و َﻋﺪََ اَ ,و َﺣ َ
ﺎﺷﺎَ :ﻳ ُﺠﻮزُُ َﻧ َْﺼ ُﺒ ُﻪ َو َﺟ ﱡﺮ ُه. * َو ُ
ﻚَ ) :ﻗﺎ َم اﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ُم َﺧ َﻼ زََ ْﻳﺪًً ا َوزََ ْﻳ ٍﺪ(َ ,و) َﻋﺪََ ا َﻋ ْﻤ ًﺮا َو َﻋ ْﻤﺮٍو(َ ,و) َﺣ َ
ﺎﺷﺎ َﺑ ْﻜ ًْﺮا َو َﺑ ْﻜﺮٍ(. َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
ﺎب ) َﻻ(
َ −٢٢ﺑ ُ
ت اﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﻜِ َﺮ َةََ ,و َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠَﺮ ْر ) َﻻ(.
ﺎﺷﺮ ِ
ﻳﻦ :إِ َذا َﺑ َ َ
* اﻋ َﻠﻢ َأ ﱠن ) َﻻ( َﺗﻨْ ِْﺼﺐ اﻟﻨﱠﱠﻜِﺮ ِ
ات ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴﺮِ َﺗ ْﻨ ِْﻮ ٍ َ ُ ْ ْ
َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻻ َر ُﺟ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ
اﻟﺪﱠ ِار(.
ِ
ﺐ َﺗ ْﻜ َْﺮ ُار ) َﻻ(. اﻟﺮ ْﻓ ُﻊ َو َو َﺟ َﺐ ﱠ َﻓﺈِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ ُﺗ َﺒﺎﺷ ْﺮ َﻫﺎَ :و َﺟ َ
َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻻ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺪﱠﱠ ِار َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َو َﻻ ْاﻣ َﺮ َأ ٌة(.
ﺎزَ إِ ْﻋ َﻤﺎ ُﻟ َﻬﺎ َوإِ ْﻟ َﻐ ُ
َﺎؤُ َﻫﺎ: َوإِ ْن َﺗ َﻜ ﱠَﺮ َر ْت ) َﻻ(َ :ﺟ َ
ﺖَ ) :ﻻ َر ُﺟ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺪﱠﱠ ِار َو َﻻ ْاﻣ َﺮ َأ َة(. َ −ﻓﺈِ ْن ِﺷ ْﺌ َ
ْﺖ ُﻗ ْﻠ َ
ﺖَ ) :ﻻ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺪﱠﱠ ِار َو َﻻ ْاﻣ َﺮ َأ ٌة(. َ −وإِ ْن ِﺷ ْﺌ َ
ْﺖ ُﻗ ْﻠ َ
ﺎدى ﺎب ْاﻟ ُﻤﻨَ َ َ −٢٣ﺑ ُ
ـﻢَ ,واﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﻜِـ َـﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼــﻮ َد ُةَ ,واﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﻜِـ َـﺮ ُة َﻏ ْﻴـ ُـﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼــﻮ َد ِة, * ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨَــﺎ َدى َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴـ ُﺔ َأ ْﻧـ َـﻮا ٍع :ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔـ َـﺮ ُد ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻠـ ُ
ﺎف ,وا ْﻟﻤ َﺸﺒﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻤ َﻀ ِ
ﺎف. َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ُ َ ُ ﱠ ُ ُ
اﻟﻀ ﱢﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ َﺗ ْﻨ ِْﻮ ٍ
ﻳﻦ. ﺎن َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱠ َ −ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻣﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد اﻟ َﻌ َﻠ ُﻢَ ,واﻟ ﱠﻨﱠﻜِ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ُةَ :ﻓ ُﻴ ْﺒﻨَ َﻴ ِ
َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻳﺎ زََ ْﻳﺪُُ (َ ,و) َﻳﺎ َر ُﺟ ُﻞ(.
َ −واﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِ َﻴ ُﺔَ :ﻣﻨْ ُْﺼﻮ َﺑ ٌﺔ َﻻ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ.
َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮَ ) :ﻳﺎ َر ُﺟ ًﻼ(َ ,و) َﻳﺎ َﻋ ْﺒ َﺪَ اﷲ ِ(َ ,و) َﻳﺎ َﻃﺎﻟِ ًﻌﺎ َﺟ َﺒ ًﻼ(.
ﻮل ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺟ ِﻠ ِﻪﺎب ْاﻟﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌ ِ
َ −٢٤ﺑ ُ َ
ﺐ ُو ُﻗﻮ ِع ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ. ﻮب ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳ ْﺬ َﻛ َُﺮ َﺑ َﻴﺎ ًﻧﺎ ﻟِ َﺴ َﺒ ِ ِ
* َو ُﻫ َﻮ :اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُْﺼ ُ
ُﻚ ا ْﺑﺘِ َﻐَﺎ َء َﻣ ْﻌ ُﺮوﻓِ َ
ﻚ(. ﻚَ ) :ﻗﺎ َم زََ ْﻳﺪٌٌ إِ ْﺟ َﻼ ًﻻ ﻟِ َﻌ ْﻤﺮٍو(َ ,و) َﻗ َﺼ ْﺪْ ُﺗ َ َﻧ َْﺤ ُﻮ َﻗ ْﻮﻟِ َ
١١
ِّ َ ْ
)(١
) ِﺤﺑَﻤ ِﺪ اﷲِ َرﺑﻨﺎ(
ـﻚ ﺳـﻌ ٍِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺎت ) َرﺋِ ِﺎت ﺑِـ ﻣ ْﻜ َﺘﺒ ِ ) (١ﻣﺼﺪََ ر اﻟﺠ ْﺰ ِْءِ :ﻋﺪﱠﱠ ُة ﻣ ْﺨْ ُﻄﻮ َﻃ ٍ
ﻮد( ﻴﺲ ا ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱠﺘﱠﺎب( ,ﺑِ َﺮ ْﻗ ِﻢ )َ (١١٩١و َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ َﻫﺎ ,ﺑِﺒِ َﻼد اﻟ ﱡﺘ ْﱡﺮك ,و) َﺟﺎﻣ َﻌـﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻠ ﻚ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ
ُﻮر َﻳﺎل( َﺑﺄ ْﺳ َﺒﺎ ْﻧ َﻴﺎَ ,و َﻏ ْﻴﺮِ َذﻟِ َ ِ ﺤ َﺠ ِ ,(٥٨٥٨) ,(٤١٧٢) ,(٢٥٢ﺑِـ)ﺑِ َﻼ ِد ا ْﻟ ِ ﺑِ َﺮ ْﻗﻢ )٢٠
٧٢٣ − ٦٧٢
آﺟ ﱡﺮو َم ) ٦ ﻚ ,و َﺗ َْﺮ َﺟ َﻤ ُﺔ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُ ﺎز( ,و)اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻜ ْ
ﻮﻃِ ﱢﻲ.
ﻠﺴ ُﻴ ﻃ ِ ِ ِ
ﻫـ( ﻓﻲ »ُﺑ ْﻐ َﻴﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻮ َﻋﺎة « ) ;(٢٣٨/١ﻟ ﱡ
ِ