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621.394; 658.5.011.56

ISBN 978-5-93592-037-1

, 2008
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................................................................................................................ 5
1.
............................................................. 8
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........................ 79
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2.2 TMN ........................................... 88
2.2.1 TMN .......................................... 88
2.2.2 TMN.......................................................... 92
2.2.3 TMN...... 98
2.3 TELEMANAGEMENT FORUM ............................109
2.4 MIB ...............125
2.5 CMDB
.................................................................137
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............................................................................................................150
3.1 ........150
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. .........................................................................................................166
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3.2.2
............................................................................................................170
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/ SOA
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.
II 2005 . AMR Research
, SOA ,
, - , . ,
SOA, .
:
;
,
;
;
,
;
, ;

, .
SOA
(
www.cnews.ru):
,
, ;
, .
IBM, SOA
,
.
, .. SOA
, .
, SOA
, , 77

, . , Web-
2009 2010 ..
[10] , SOA SOMA (Service-Oriented
Management Architecture). SOMA . , , . , . XML , ,
(Management Service Bus, MSB).
, ,
. .
SOMA , , .
MSB c , SOMA.
, SOMA, , .

.

78

2.

2.1

. , , , . .
OSI Management Framework
ISO/IEC 7498-4: Basic Reference Model, Part 4, Management
Framework. ( . 4. ).
, , .. .
ISO 7498 (. 2.1):
2.1 ISO 7498
ISO

-
ISO/-
1
2
3
ISO 7498

1984
. X.200
(Basic Reference Model)
1994
ISO 7498 Add.1

1987
. X.200
(Addendum 1: Connectionless-mode
1994
transition)
ISO 7498-2
2: 1989
. X.800

1991
(Part 2: Security Architecture)
ISO 7498-3
3: 1989
X.650

1994
(Part 3: Naming and Addressing)
ISO 7498-4
4: 1989
. X.700
(Management Framework)
1992
(Part 4: Management framework)

79

ISO/IEC 7498-4, ,
:
;
;
;
.
ISO/IEC 7498-4,

(. 2.2):
2.2 ISO -


ISO/ITU
1
2
ISO 9595 / X.710

(Common Management Information Services, CMIS).
ISO 9596-1 / X.711

(Common Management Information Protocols, CMIP).
ISO 10040

(Systems Management Overview, SMO).
ISO 10164

(Systems Management)
ISO 10165

(Structure of Management Information)
ISO 10165-1

(Management Information Model)
ISO 10165-2

(Definition of Management Information).
ISO 10165-4

(Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects)

, .
X.290 ( ISO/IEC 9646), . : , , , , , .

, .
80

- X.700 ( ISO/IEC 7498-4), ,

(functional areas):
(fault management).
(configuration management).
(accounting management).
/ (performance management).
(security management).
, , .. ,

. FCAPS
. , .
( )
(configuration management). ,
,
(systems management function, SMF). ,
SMF . SMF
, .
,
.
.
(configuration management) , () .
- . .
:

81

() ,
;
,
;
, , ;
,
( time management);
.
SMF, . - X.734; (logging) . - X.735;
. - X.731;
. - X.732; . - X.746; (time management) . - X.743;
(software distribution) . - X.744;
(shared management
knowledge) . - X.750.
(event management function)
. - X.734, , , , , .. , ,
.
. - X.734
. (Event-Forwarding
Discriminators, EFD). , ()
, , .
.
( ), .. log- (
).
82

, (log control
function) . - X.735
.
, , ,
. , . .
log-, ,
, , ,
. log-,
.

, . - X.731 (state management function), , ,
.
:
(operability),
,
. , : (enabled) (disabled) .
, (usage), , , .
: (idle), / (active), (busy).
, .
: (locked), (unlocked), (shutting down).
,
. ,
83

.

, , 1, . , ,
.
.
/ ,
() . , / . 1
,
( ) , .
(relationship management
function) . - X.732
. , , ,
.
, - , ,

. . - X.721,

(. 2.3):
2.3 ISO

/
1
2
3
1

, (attributeVal ueChangeRecord)
, .
. - X.730 -

84

/
1

(discriminator)

(eventForwardingDiscriminator)

(eventLogRecord)

(log)

(objectCreationRecord)

(objectDeletionRecord)

(system)

3
ISO/IEC 10164-1.
.
,
. . - X.734
ISO/IEC 10164-5.
,

. , . .
. -
X.734 ISO/IEC 10164-5.
.

.
. . - X.735 ISO/IEC 10164-6.
.
. -
X.735 ISO/IEC 10164-6.
.
/
.
. - X.730 ISO/IEC
10164-1.

. /
. .
- X.730 ISO/IEC 10164-1.

85

/
1

3
,
(),
/ . . - X.720
ISO/IEC 10165-1. , , .

, , , , . , , System
. 2.4:
2.4 System

/
1
2
3
1.
-
: (
)
( ).
2.
a
(
)
.
3.
, /
(/, /)
4.

.
5.

6.

:
().
( ).
7.

z
( )

86

/
1
8.
9.

10.
11.

12.
13.

14.

15.
16.

2
()

.
.
, .

.
, - - .

,
.
, - .

.
() , .

.
,
.

/.
, - .
.

,
, , . , , System. , System .
87

, ,
,
- TMN
(Telecommunication Management Forum,
TeleManagement Forum).
2.2 TMN
2.2.1 TMN

Telecommunication Management Network, TMN -

1992 . , . TMN . - M.3010 [151]. .
M.3010, TMN ,
. TMN , , . TMN . 2.1.

TM N

...

TM N

TM N

S
D
H

S
D
H

2.1 TMN
88

TMN , ,
, DCN. ():
;
();
OS;
;
.
TMN ,
,
.
TMN ,
, 1.
(, , )

. , TMN .
TMN (management service).
, TMN
. TMN
, ,
,
(management function). TMN () ,
. , , ,
.
TMN ,
, .
. , ,
, (logical
89

layered architecture, LLA) TMN.

TMN.
1992 . - M.3010.
1996 2000 . .
(network element layer, NEL).
, - , .
(element manager layer,
EML). NEL.
EML
. . C
TMN.
,
:

;
;
;
, ,
/; ,
/ ..;
, ;
.
(network management
layer, NML).
, /
.
, , , -

90

/, ..
NML.
, :
(
);
|
QoS ;
;
;
;
.
NML , . .
- ,
EML.
(service management layer,
SML). ()
, .
, , . , ;
. , ,
.
,
:
( , , ..);
;
();
, ;
IP , .

91

TMN
.
(business management layer, BML).
.
,
.
, .
( , , /), . TMN

(management system, MS), .
TMN,

.
. TMN
(configuration management).
2.2.2 TMN

TMN
M.3200. M.32xx

. TMN , .
TMN,
,
M.3400.

. , ,
.
.
92

.
TMN .
M.3200. M.3200 .. .
(.
2.5 . - .3200, 1997 .).
2.5 TMN

(Network Provisioning)

(Work Force
Management)
,






()

( )

TMN

1. + , .

93

TMN (network
provisioning).
. ,
,
, , .. ,
, .

.

:
(Network Planning and Engineering).
(Installation).

(Service Planning and Negotiation).
(Provisioning).
(Status and Control).
.
,
.
( ) :

().
.
() / .
.
.
() .
.
.
94

.
.
.

,

, , , ..

. ()
, .
:
- .
.
/.
.
.
.
(
) .
.
.
.
.
- , ,
.

, , .
/
,
. , , , .. 95

.
(-) ,
/ .

,
. , , , , .
(
)

. .

.

.
, .


, ,
.

,
. .
96

, .
, , (). , , - ,
.

TMN
( ) [Request equipment design guidelines]. / , , () ..

(Directory address determination function set)
.
[Network resource selection and assignment function set]

.
.
[Network
connection management function set]
.
[NE(s)
configuration function set] ,
. :
[Request configuration]
.
[Configuration report]
, (), , /
97

. :
[Grow] /
.
[Prune]
.
[Delete] ,
.
( )
:
[Restore]
.
/ [Assign]
.
[Delete] ,

.
; , .
2.2.3 TMN

TMN [131]
- ,
(Entity Relations Diagrams) UML.
. -
M.3100 2005 . .
.
98

, , , . , ,
, .
,
,
,
( .
.3100, 2005 .).

.
, TMN,
:
;

;
;
.

TMN, .
, . ,
TMN.

.
.3100 , 2.2.
,
TMN , UML . 2.2 2.3 2.6.

99


<< >>

,
,

managedElement*

0..*

<< >>

equipmentHolder*
0..*
0..*
<< >>

circuitPack*
0..*
M.3100_F03

2.2 ( ) TMN
,
2.3.
<< >>

,
,

managedElement*

*
0..*

0..*

<< >> << >>

Equipment*

Software*

0..*

0..*

0..*
<< >>

Software*
0..*
M.3100_F04

2.3. ( ) TMN
, .
.3100 / , .
100

,
. , , , 1000
STM-1. ,
, , , 4 STM-1
STM-4 /. , ,
.
(. 2.6).
, 2.6
- ( ). , [Equipment Holder].
- .
.
.
, 2.6,
. ,
, .
2.6 . M.3100.

1
2
3
4
1.
(Network)
C -
- [NetworkId]
, - .
. , ,

101

/
1

2.

attributeRanges

3.

(
)
[Managed
Element]

3
, , /
.

() .

,
,
.

attributeRanges
()
, .

ManagedElement, ,
AttributeRanges
,
.. .
Q-


.

102

:
attributeRangesId ;
kind ;
ranges , ,
,
:
attributeRanges
managedElement.

:
managedElementId

;
systemTitle ;
administrativeState () .
usageState .
,
, :

/
1

3

,

.

4.

[equipment]

[Equipment]


,

.

.
,


( ).
,
, . ,

(containment). ( , ,
, , -

103

4
userLabelPackage ;
vendorNamePackage
;
versionPackage
;
locationNamePackage .

:
equipmentId ;
replaceable .
. - X.721
[value
change notification package], ,
.

:
userLabelPackage ;
vendorNamePackage ;
versionPackage ;
locationNamePackage
:
equipment-managedElement;
equipment-equipment.

/
1

5.

[equipmentR1]

6.

[Equipment
Holder]

3
4
) .
X.721

.
-
, - :
serialNumber [equipment]
;
supportedByObjectList ,
.

.

() ,
.
:
equipment-managedElementR1;
equipment-equipment-R1.
[The
Equipment Holder object
class]
,


. -

104

:
equipmentHolderType
;
equipmentHolderAddress
;
holderStatus -

/
1

7.

[Circuit Pack]

, , .

/
,

acceptableCircuitPackTyp
eList;

,

acceptableCircuitPackTyp
eList,
;

;
2. subordinateCircuitPackSoftwar
eLoad

circuitPack,
.
:
acceptableCircuitPackTypeList

,

Equipment Holder.
:
3. equipmentHolderequipmentHolder.
-
:
[Circuit Pack] availabilityStatus (. -

X.721 ) ,
{equipmentR1]
.
. .3100

notInstalled [ ],

105

/
1

8.

[Software]

3
4

,
. .

.
(, ) - circuitPackType
(, .
) , - , - :
,
reateDeleteNotificationsPacka
, ..
ge

.
;
administrativeOperationalStates
Package
.

:
circuitPack-equipmentHolderautoCreated;
circuitPack-equipmentHolderexplicitlyCreated;
circuitPack-equipmentHolderautoCreated-R1;
circuitPack-equipmentHolderexplicitlyCreated-R1.
[Software] ( )

,

.

106

:
softwareId
;
administrativeState () .
:
userLabelPackage ;
vendorNamePackage ;

/
1

9.

[physicalPort]

[physicalPort] .

.

TTP
() CTP.

ircuitPackR1,

circuitPackConfigurationPa
ckage.


.
physicalPort ,

107

4
versionSoftware .
:
software-equipment;
software-managedElement;
software-equipment.

:
physicalPortId () ;
administrativeState ;
connectorType
/
, , ,
.
Reach
/
( )
supportedTTPLis ,


portAssociations


( );
portSignalRateAndMappingList

( )
-

/
1

3
4

.
0

stm1 genericTransportTTP, SDH au3

au4 ( ).
- - :
. PhysicalPort-equipment;
- PhysicalPort-managedElement.
,
(mapping)

physicalPortSignalRateAnd
MappingList,

genericTransportTTP.



supportedTTPList.
,
physicalPort
ttpPortID

genericTransportTTPR1

()

.

, TMN
,
108

, , . TeleManagement Forum, .

2.3

TeleManagement Forum

, .
.3100 [155], ,
, . , -,
. ,
- -
.
, . , -
, / , . , ,
,

TMN. ,
, ,
,
,
.
, , ,
, , .
:
;
// ;
109

/
;
,
.


.
1995 , (TeleManagement Forum, TMF)
, ,
-, .
TMF
, eTOM (enhanced Telecom Operations
Map) .3050 [152
154]. eTOM Telecom Operations Map ( ). eTOM TOM , (ebusiness). eTOM .
eTOM , ( ), , (customer), (service), (resource), /
(supplier/partner) . Telecom Network Operation Map 2000 .
, eTOM.
, TeleManagementForum :
, , .
, / .
110

, .
, (
, ).

. , .
, . , , ,
.
/ , /
.
(),
.
,
(product)
, . (service)
.
, TMF .
eTOM
(eTOM Business Process Framework), :
;
;
, , .
,
.

TMF .
.3050 2.3.
0- (eTOM Business Process
Framework Level 0 Process). .
111

,
,

(SIP)

,
()
(, , )
/
/

( , ,)

2.3 0
() :
, , ();
,
.
2.3,
,
. . ,
( )
- , .
. 2.3, ,
, , .
. 2.3 , : 112

, , , , . .. (
, , ), , ,
.
eTOM . .3050
/ (Readness), .. (Fulfillment),

(Assurance), (Billing). .
eTOM . .3050
, ,
, , , ,
, .
, ,
.
.
TMF eTOM
2 3. 2.4.
0 1. , 2.4 ( 2,3), .
2.4 ,
. (endtoend) ,
.
(customer operations processes), FAB (Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing). (Operations Support &
Readiness, OSR) FAB.
113

(Fulfilment)

(Assurance)

(Billing)

(
, , )

,

, , - , .
,
,

2.4 1
, , FAB, FAB
. FAB .
(Strategy & Commit), () (Infrastructure Lifecycle Management)
(Product Lifecycle Management)
, , (Service, infrastructure
and product, SIP). , ,
. , , .
SIP ,
(customer perations processes)
114

, , ,
.
, 7

( ). SIP
, .
C 2, 1 (. 2.5) .
M.3050.2. . 2.5


. , . ;
,
-.
2.5 .

2.5 2
[Resource Management & Operations, RMO]
[Resource Management and Operation Support and Readness]
() , 115

, FAB.

( ) ,
. . , ()
eTOM.
, , .
[Resource provisioning]
() , , , , , ,
, . .
, ,
.
[Resource trouble
management] , ,
,
.
, ,
. , , , .
()
[Resource performance management] , , .
()
, .
116

[Resource data collection

and distribution] , .
,
, , , , .

. 3 2.6.
,
, .
FAB. 2.6
:

2.6 3

[Resource Management & Operations, RMO]
()
[Enable resource provisioning] 117

, , ,
. , , ; , , , . ,
, ,

.
()
[Manage Resource Inventory]
,
,
(Resource Inventory Database). , . , . , , RM&O
. () , .

:
,
,
;
, ;
;
,
, , ,
()
;
118

();
()
, ;
,
.
, ,
.
.
. , / ,
,
/ . , / .
- .
[Enable resource performance management] ,
. ,
.
, , .

[Support
resource trouble management] , ,
, , . -
.
119

[Enable resource data collection and distribution]
, , .
() [Manage workforce] , ,
.
,
.
[Manage logistics]
, , .
. 2.6
3 RMO.
.
, TMF
,
.
TMN, TMF [25]
, - .
, ,
2.7.
TMF
TMN -.
, , .
TMN ,
.

120

2.7
TeleManagement Forum

/
1
2
3
1.
[Agent]
TMF.

.
2.

()
-. [Circuit]
:
;
.
;

().

(link). :

;

;


.
[Facility]
(
), ,
, , .
3.

,
, .
[Computer
system]
, .
4.

, [Facility]
.
. ,
,
.
5.

,
, . [event Record]
:
,
;
;
;
;
;
;
.

121

/
1
6.

2
[Contact]

7.

[Customer]

8.

[Function]

9.

[Event log]

10.

,
[clNetwork
Protocol Entity]

11.

,
[coTransport
Protocol Entity]

3
,
( ).
,
(
) / ( ).
,
( ). ,
, , , , .
,
, , .
(), ,
, IP. () :
IP;
, , PDU.
,
.
(), , , - TCP .
() :
;
;
( ),
PDU
,

.
-, -

122

/
1

3
, .

. ()
:
,
,
, .

.
:
;
;
- ;
, ;
;
,
.

,
.
() :

;
,
, e-mail;
-.
,
.
() :
;
;
, ;
.
,
.

12.

[Location]

13.

[Equipment]

14.

[Manufacturer]

15.

[Network]

16.

[provider]

123

/
1

3
() :
;
;
.
, / ,
.
() :
;
;
;
;
.
() .
:
;
PDU ();
PDU;
.
,
.
() :
,
.

17.

[service]

18.

[transport
Connection]

19.

[vendor]

TMF
,
, , / . , TMN , TMF .
,
. - ,
,

124

() . ,
( ) .
.
,
, , SNMP.
.
2.4

MIB

SNMP [159] . , /
, . ,
SNMP TMN, - TMN.
SNMP
, CMIP.
SNMP , CMIP,
1993 .,
TCP/IP,
.
SNMP IETF
( ) TCP/IP , ,
SDH. SNMP
,
,
. SNMP , , .
SNMP ( ) SNMP-. SNMP- ,
. 125

(network management systems, NMS)

, . 2.7.
CMIP SNMP. CMIP ;
SNMP , .
NMS

SNMP

SNMPv2
MIB

UDP/IP

SNMPv2
MIB

SNMPv2
MIB

SNMPv2

MIB

SNMPv2

MIB

SNMPv2

MIB

2.7 SNMP 2
, , -, ,
, , , ..
,
- ; , (, ) .
( ) :
.
.
126

() .
/ ( ).
.

, , TCP/IP,
RFC 1157 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (
).
SNMP: SNMP
Version 1 (SNMPv1), SNMP Version 2 (SNMPv2), SNMP Version 3 (SNMPv3).
, SNMPv2 , , SNMPv3
.
SNMP Version 2.
IP ISO (Internet management information
base, IMIB) [18,163,164]. IMIB
, , . SNMP IMIB
, , CMIP. IMIB SNMP /, ,
IP,TCP,UDP, IP-, TCP-, .
SNMP IMIB.
IMIB, SNMP,
MIB I MIB II. ,
MIB
RMON (Remote Monitoring). RMON
.
MIB I (. RFC 1156)
. 8
, 114 . , System ,
127

, / ; IP IP ( IP-,
IP-).
()
.
( ) ,
IMIB. .. ,
( iso), (ccitt itu), ,
( jointtoccitt).
, ,
. MIB II
. , . , tcpConnTable, 1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1, TCP ( TCP mib26), Cisco Systems, (. . 2.8).
TcpConnState

tcpConnLocalAddress

TcpConnLocalPort

( 1)

( 3)

( 5)

( 2)

( 4)

( 6)

( I)

( J)

( K)

:
TcpConnState TCP, - , INTEGER.
TcpConnLocalAddress IP , IP (IpAddress).
TcpConnLocalPort , ,
(INTEGER).

2.8 SNMP,
TCP
MIB 5 MIB,
, . :

128

entityPhysical group ,
. entPhysicalTable.
entityLogical group ,
. entLogicalTable.
entityMapping group ()
, , , , .
.
MIB

, . .

. IMIB c ,
-
IMIB. entPhysicalTable;
/ . ( , , , ),
, ( ) , IMIB. , ,
.
. IMIB .
() IMIB . IMIB ,
, .
entPhysicalTable (row) ,
,
entPhysicalClass :
hassis ( ) ; hassis Container;
Chassis Stack.
129

ackplane () .
Container ,
, , (, FPU)
powerSupply .
fan .
Module , ; .
Port ,
/ .
Stack ,
, , Container,
(Chassis).
Other .
Unknown , .

. entPhysicalEntry
. MIB, , (read-only). . 2.8:
IMIB
:
() .
( ).
( ) .
2.8 MIB-II SNMPv2

1
2
entPhysicalName

, NMS.

130

entPhysicalHardwareRev ,
, () .
, , .
entPhysicalFirmwareRev ,
,
()
(firmeware) . .
entPhysicalSoftwareRev

,
,
()
. .

entPhysicalSerialNum

,
.
, ,
. ,
.


. , entPhysicalIsFRU = false(2) (, 8 ), .
.

entPhysicalMfgName

entPhysicalModelName

, -. ( ), .

entPhysicalIsFRU

,
FPU
() c .
true(1),
. ,
, ,

131

2
false(2).

entPhysicalAlias

,
(
) .

entPhysicalClass.
RFC 2737
.

entPhysicalAssetID

C
. ,
, , ,
()
.. .

entLogicalIndex

entLogicalDescr

.
.

entLogicalType

, OBJECT IDENTIFIER .
MIB,
() .
,
mib-2, 802.3 802.3 repeater
snmpDot3RptrMgmt.

entLogicalTAddress

,
, ,
entLogicalTDomain.

entAliasMappingTable

132

2
MIB.
,
.

,
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133

2.9 Nortel Business Policy

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134

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2000

sensor(8)

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2053

10/100BaseTX

OID:
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port(10)

Fa2/48

9.12.3.1.3.267

135

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259

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Internet Protocol Television, IP

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261

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262

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319

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320

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:
,
00493. III ( . 1/94, 2/95, 3/96
) ( . 4/2001 , . 01.02.2002, ., 06.11.2001 454-).

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3132101
3132102
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3132104
3132105
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3220000 -
;

;
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321

3221100
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3221111 24
3221112 24 300
3221113 300
3221120
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3221122
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3221130
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3221140 ,
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322

3222000

3222100
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3222120 ( )
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3222134
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323

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3222196 ,
3222200

324

3222201

3222202

3222203

3222204
3222210

3222211
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3222213
3222214
3222215
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3222217 ,
3222220
3222221

3222222

3222230
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3222232
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3222254 -
3222255

325

3222256 , ,

3222257 -
3222260 :

3222261
3222262
3222263
3222264
3222265
3222270
3222271
3222272
3222273
3222274
3222275
3222540
3222550
3222560

326

 -
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101000 . , ., . 14, . 1