{
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7cf6e05a-7380-4904-ba9c-abf3612027e6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Plot Layout Scheme and Theme Parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1ac7287b4ade2801",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This demo illustrates the overall plot structure and the effect of various layout-related theme parameters. Understanding how they interact can help fine-tune the appearance and readability of your plots.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `plot_margin`\n",
    "    adds outer space around the entire plot, including titles, captions, legends, and the plotting panel.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `plot_title: margin`, `plot_subtitle: margin`, `plot_caption: margin`, `axis_title_x: margin`, `axis_title_y: margin`\n",
    "    control the spacing around the corresponding textual elements. These are passed via the `margin` argument to `element_text()`.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `axis_text_spacing_x`, `axis_text_spacing_y`\n",
    "     define the spacing between axis ticks and their associated labels.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `panel_inset`\n",
    "    adds internal padding between the plotting panel and the axes, shrinking the effective plotting area.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `plot_inset`\n",
    "    adds padding inside the plot area (including the plot panel, axes, and axis labels) and other textual elements.\n",
    "\n",
    "- `legend_box_spacing`\n",
    "    controls the spacing between the legend section and the plot area.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "96d0b1fa-5b18-47e3-b40f-b36d95f52121",
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     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.291941Z",
     "start_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.257088Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from lets_plot import *"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "3391aab4-81d4-452d-ab3a-6d0171570dd3",
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     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.314947Z",
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    {
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   "source": [
    "LetsPlot.setup_html()"
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   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "655da794-a561-450b-867a-d854349932c8",
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   "source": [
    "np.random.seed(42)\n",
    "\n",
    "x = list(range(210, 1000, 97))\n",
    "\n",
    "# Base rate increases with x (e.g., linear growth for lambda)\n",
    "lambdas = [5 + (xi - 210) / 100 for xi in x]\n",
    "\n",
    "y = [np.random.poisson(lam) * 30 + 90 for lam in lambdas]\n",
    "\n",
    "data = {'x': x, 'y': y}"
   ]
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  {
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   "id": "82918537-8f32-4580-961d-c3ef9179b893",
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     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.601768Z",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "SCALE_FACTOR = 2\n",
    "PAD = 11"
   ]
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  {
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   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "b62c87c5-01d4-438a-ba58-5b82254c53c1",
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     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.620903Z",
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   "source": [
    "def labeled_rect(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax,\n",
    "                 inner_text='', border_text='',\n",
    "                 pad=PAD,\n",
    "                 **kwargs):\n",
    "    xmin_s = xmin * SCALE_FACTOR + pad\n",
    "    xmax_s = xmax * SCALE_FACTOR - pad\n",
    "    ymin_s = ymin * SCALE_FACTOR + pad\n",
    "    ymax_s = ymax * SCALE_FACTOR - pad\n",
    "\n",
    "    is_horizontal = (xmax - xmin > (ymax - ymin) / 2)\n",
    "\n",
    "    rect_layer = geom_rect(\n",
    "        xmin=xmin_s, xmax=xmax_s, ymin=ymin_s, ymax=ymax_s, size=pad - 3,\n",
    "        **kwargs\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Inner text: centered\n",
    "    x_center = (xmin_s + xmax_s) / 2\n",
    "    y_center = (ymin_s + ymax_s) / 2\n",
    "    inner_layer = geom_text(\n",
    "        x=x_center, y=y_center, label=inner_text,\n",
    "        angle=0 if is_horizontal else 90,\n",
    "        color='darkgray'\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Border text: near top-right (horizontal) or top-left (vertical)\n",
    "    if is_horizontal:\n",
    "        x_border = xmax_s\n",
    "        y_border = ymin_s + pad / 2 - 1\n",
    "        angle = 0\n",
    "        vjust = 0\n",
    "    else:  # vertical\n",
    "        x_border = xmin_s - pad / 2 - 5\n",
    "        y_border = ymin_s\n",
    "        angle = 90\n",
    "        vjust = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "    border_layer = geom_text(\n",
    "        x=x_border, y=y_border, label=border_text,\n",
    "        angle=angle, hjust=1, vjust=vjust,\n",
    "        family='Courier',\n",
    "        color='black'\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    return rect_layer + inner_layer + border_layer"
   ]
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  {
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   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "4dc5d4ae-6aee-41ad-8e83-21344b575e10",
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    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.636068Z",
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    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def annotation_arrow(x, y, xend, yend, label, hjust):\n",
    "    x_s = x * SCALE_FACTOR\n",
    "    y_s = y * SCALE_FACTOR\n",
    "    xend_s = xend * SCALE_FACTOR\n",
    "    yend_s = yend * SCALE_FACTOR\n",
    "    with_arrow = arrow(length=8, ends='last', type='open', angle=20)\n",
    "    label_x = x_s - 16\n",
    "    label_y = y_s + 8\n",
    "    if hjust == 1:\n",
    "        label_x = x_s + 24\n",
    "        label_y = y_s - 10\n",
    "\n",
    "    return geom_segment(x=x_s, y=y_s, xend=xend_s, yend=yend_s, arrow=with_arrow) + \\\n",
    "        geom_text(x=label_x, y=label_y, label=label, hjust=hjust, family='Courier', color='black')"
   ]
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   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "92c7f5ca-98e4-4724-b6bf-099e275faf84",
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     "end_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.653455Z",
     "start_time": "2025-07-13T22:15:32.647955Z"
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   "source": [
    "def x_ticks(data, y_base=608, tick_length=8):\n",
    "    ticks = {\n",
    "        'x': data['x'],\n",
    "        'xend': data['x'],\n",
    "        'y': [y_base] * len(data['x']),\n",
    "        'yend': [y_base + tick_length] * len(data['x']),\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    return geom_segment(aes(x='x', y='y', xend='xend', yend='yend'), data=ticks, color='gray50', size=1)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def y_ticks(ymin=208, ymax=574, n_ticks=6, x_base=168, tick_length=8):\n",
    "    y_ticks = np.linspace(ymin, ymax, n_ticks)\n",
    "\n",
    "    ticks = {\n",
    "        'y': y_ticks,\n",
    "        'yend': y_ticks,\n",
    "        'x': [x_base] * n_ticks,\n",
    "        'xend': [x_base + tick_length] * n_ticks,\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    return geom_segment(aes(x='x', y='y', xend='xend', yend='yend'), data=ticks, color='gray50', size=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "5a65a3de-8de1-4615-8b0c-e7382c12ace0",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
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   "source": [
    "COORDS = {\n",
    "    'PLOT_XMIN': 0, 'PLOT_XMAX': 620, 'PLOT_YMIN': 0, 'PLOT_YMAX': 420,\n",
    "    'PANEL_XMIN': 88, 'PANEL_XMAX': 506, 'PANEL_YMIN': 90, 'PANEL_YMAX': 304,\n",
    "    'TITLE_YMIN': 11, 'TITLE_YMAX': 44.5,\n",
    "    'SUBTITLE_YMIN': 44, 'SUBTITLE_YMAX': 78.5,\n",
    "    'X_TITLE_YMIN': 346.5, 'X_TITLE_YMAX': 378,\n",
    "    'Y_TITLE_XMIN': 11, 'Y_TITLE_XMAX': 44.5,\n",
    "    'X_TEXT_XMIN': 98, 'X_TEXT_XMAX': 498, 'X_TEXT_YMIN': 320, 'X_TEXT_YMAX': 334,\n",
    "    'Y_TEXT_XMIN': 56, 'Y_TEXT_XMAX': 72, 'Y_TEXT_YMIN': 98, 'Y_TEXT_YMAX': 294,\n",
    "    'PLOT_INSET_XMIN': 44.5, 'PLOT_INSET_XMAX': 517, 'PLOT_INSET_YMIN': 79, 'PLOT_INSET_YMAX': 346,\n",
    "    'CAPTION_YMIN': 378, 'CAPTION_YMAX': 410,\n",
    "    'LEGEND_XMIN': 532, 'LEGEND_XMAX': 610, 'LEGEND_YMIN': 137, 'LEGEND_YMAX': 254,\n",
    "    'LEGEND_SPACING_XMIN': 518, 'LEGEND_SPACING_XMAX': 532,\n",
    "    'FRAME_XMIN': 86.5, 'FRAME_XMAX': 509.5, 'FRAME_YMIN': 86, 'FRAME_YMAX': 305.5,\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "plotting_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PLOT_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PLOT_XMAX'],\n",
    "                             ymin=COORDS['PLOT_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['PLOT_YMAX'],\n",
    "                             inner_text='', border_text='',\n",
    "                             pad=1, fill='white', color='gold', alpha=0.0)\n",
    "\n",
    "plot_margin = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PLOT_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PLOT_XMAX'],\n",
    "                           ymin=COORDS['PLOT_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['PLOT_YMAX'],\n",
    "                           inner_text='', border_text='plot_margin',\n",
    "                           fill='white', color='lemon_chiffon', alpha=0.9)\n",
    "\n",
    "title_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PANEL_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PANEL_XMAX'],\n",
    "                          ymin=COORDS['TITLE_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['TITLE_YMAX'],\n",
    "                          inner_text='TITLE', border_text='plot_title: margin',\n",
    "                          fill='light_blue', color='light_blue', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "subtitle_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PANEL_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PANEL_XMAX'],\n",
    "                             ymin=COORDS['SUBTITLE_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['SUBTITLE_YMAX'],\n",
    "                             inner_text='SUBTITLE', border_text='plot_subtitle: margin',\n",
    "                             fill='light_green', color='light_green', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "y_title_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['Y_TITLE_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['Y_TITLE_XMAX'],\n",
    "                            ymin=COORDS['PANEL_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['PANEL_YMAX'],\n",
    "                            inner_text='Y-AXIS TITLE', border_text='axis_title_y: margin',\n",
    "                            fill='peach_puff', color='peach_puff', alpha=0.2)\n",
    "\n",
    "x_title_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PANEL_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PANEL_XMAX'],\n",
    "                            ymin=COORDS['X_TITLE_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['X_TITLE_YMAX'],\n",
    "                            inner_text='X-AXIS TITLE', border_text='axis_title_x: margin',\n",
    "                            fill='peach_puff', color='peach_puff', alpha=0.2)\n",
    "\n",
    "panel_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PANEL_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PANEL_XMAX'],\n",
    "                          ymin=COORDS['PANEL_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['PANEL_YMAX'],\n",
    "                          inner_text='PLOT\\nPANEL', border_text='panel_inset',\n",
    "                          fill='gray', color='light_gray', alpha=0.5)\n",
    "\n",
    "y_text_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['Y_TEXT_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['Y_TEXT_XMAX'],\n",
    "                           ymin=COORDS['Y_TEXT_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['Y_TEXT_YMAX'],\n",
    "                           inner_text='y-axis labels', border_text='',\n",
    "                           pad=0, fill='pink', color='light_pink', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "y_text_area2 = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['Y_TEXT_XMAX'], xmax=COORDS['Y_TEXT_XMAX'] + PAD + 1,\n",
    "                            ymin=COORDS['Y_TEXT_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['Y_TEXT_YMAX'],\n",
    "                            inner_text='', border_text='axis_text_spacing_y',\n",
    "                            fill='pink', color='light_pink', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "x_text_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['X_TEXT_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['X_TEXT_XMAX'],\n",
    "                           ymin=COORDS['X_TEXT_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['X_TEXT_YMAX'],\n",
    "                           inner_text='x-axis labels', border_text='',\n",
    "                           pad=0, fill='pink', color='light_pink', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "x_text_area2 = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['X_TEXT_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['X_TEXT_XMAX'],\n",
    "                            ymin=COORDS['X_TEXT_YMIN'] - PAD - 1, ymax=COORDS['X_TEXT_YMAX'] - PAD - 4,\n",
    "                            inner_text='', border_text='axis_text_spacing_x',\n",
    "                            fill='pink', color='light_pink', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "caption_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PANEL_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PANEL_XMAX'],\n",
    "                            ymin=COORDS['CAPTION_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['CAPTION_YMAX'],\n",
    "                            inner_text='CAPTION', border_text='plot_caption: margin',\n",
    "                            fill='sky_blue', color='sky_blue', alpha=0.3)\n",
    "\n",
    "legend_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['LEGEND_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['LEGEND_XMAX'],\n",
    "                           ymin=COORDS['LEGEND_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['LEGEND_YMAX'],\n",
    "                           pad=1, inner_text='LEGEND', border_text='',\n",
    "                           fill='chocolate', color='chocolate', alpha=0.1)\n",
    "\n",
    "legend_spacing = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['LEGEND_SPACING_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['LEGEND_SPACING_XMAX'],\n",
    "                              ymin=COORDS['LEGEND_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['LEGEND_YMAX'],\n",
    "                              pad=11, inner_text='', border_text='legend_box_spacing',\n",
    "                              fill='gray93', color='gray93')\n",
    "\n",
    "plot_inset_area = labeled_rect(xmin=COORDS['PLOT_INSET_XMIN'], xmax=COORDS['PLOT_INSET_XMAX'],\n",
    "                               ymin=COORDS['PLOT_INSET_YMIN'], ymax=COORDS['PLOT_INSET_YMAX'],\n",
    "                               inner_text='', border_text='plot_inset',\n",
    "                               fill='white', color='plum', alpha=0.5)"
   ]
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       "\"y\":[608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0,608.0],\n",
       "\"yend\":[616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0,616.0]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "\"x\":\"x\",\n",
       "\"y\":\"y\",\n",
       "\"xend\":\"xend\",\n",
       "\"yend\":\"yend\"\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "\"series_annotations\":[{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"x\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"xend\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"y\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"yend\"\n",
       "}]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"color\":\"gray50\",\n",
       "\"size\":1.0\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"segment\",\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "\"y\":[208.0,281.2,354.4,427.6,500.8,574.0],\n",
       "\"yend\":[208.0,281.2,354.4,427.6,500.8,574.0],\n",
       "\"x\":[168.0,168.0,168.0,168.0,168.0,168.0],\n",
       "\"xend\":[176.0,176.0,176.0,176.0,176.0,176.0]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "\"x\":\"x\",\n",
       "\"y\":\"y\",\n",
       "\"xend\":\"xend\",\n",
       "\"yend\":\"yend\"\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "\"series_annotations\":[{\n",
       "\"type\":\"float\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"y\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"float\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"yend\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"x\"\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"type\":\"int\",\n",
       "\"column\":\"xend\"\n",
       "}]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"color\":\"gray50\",\n",
       "\"size\":1.0\n",
       "}],\n",
       "\"metainfo_list\":[],\n",
       "\"spec_id\":\"1\"\n",
       "};\n",
       "           window.letsPlotCall(function() { fig = LetsPlot.buildPlotFromProcessedSpecs(plotSpec, containerDiv, sizing); });\n",
       "       } else {\n",
       "           fig.updateView({});\n",
       "       }\n",
       "   }\n",
       "   \n",
       "   const renderImmediately = \n",
       "       forceImmediateRender || (\n",
       "           sizing.width_mode === 'FIXED' && \n",
       "           (sizing.height_mode === 'FIXED' || sizing.height_mode === 'SCALED')\n",
       "       );\n",
       "   \n",
       "   if (renderImmediately) {\n",
       "       renderPlot();\n",
       "   }\n",
       "   \n",
       "   if (!renderImmediately || responsive) {\n",
       "       // Set up observer for initial sizing or continuous monitoring\n",
       "       var observer = new ResizeObserver(function(entries) {\n",
       "           for (let entry of entries) {\n",
       "               if (entry.contentBoxSize && \n",
       "                   entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize > 0) {\n",
       "                   if (!responsive && observer) {\n",
       "                       observer.disconnect();\n",
       "                       observer = null;\n",
       "                   }\n",
       "                   renderPlot();\n",
       "                   if (!responsive) {\n",
       "                       break;\n",
       "                   }\n",
       "               }\n",
       "           }\n",
       "       });\n",
       "       \n",
       "       observer.observe(containerDiv);\n",
       "   }\n",
       "   \n",
       "   // ----------\n",
       "   })();\n",
       "   \n",
       "   </script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<lets_plot.plot.core.PlotSpec at 0x136ceaa60>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ggplot(data, aes('x', 'y')) + \\\n",
    "plot_margin + \\\n",
    "plotting_area + \\\n",
    "plot_inset_area + \\\n",
    "title_area + \\\n",
    "subtitle_area + \\\n",
    "y_title_area + \\\n",
    "y_text_area + y_text_area2 + \\\n",
    "x_title_area + \\\n",
    "x_text_area + x_text_area2 + \\\n",
    "panel_area + \\\n",
    "caption_area + \\\n",
    "legend_spacing + \\\n",
    "legend_area + \\\n",
    "annotation_arrow(x=529, y=322, xend=500, yend=306, label='axis tick area', hjust=0) + \\\n",
    "annotation_arrow(x=75, y=74, xend=86, yend=97, label='axis tick area', hjust=1) + \\\n",
    "theme_void() + \\\n",
    "scale_y_reverse() + \\\n",
    "geom_point(color='dodgerblue', alpha=1) + geom_line(color='dodgerblue', alpha=1) + \\\n",
    "x_ticks(data) + \\\n",
    "y_ticks() + \\\n",
    "ggsize(COORDS['PLOT_XMAX'] * SCALE_FACTOR, COORDS['PLOT_YMAX'] * SCALE_FACTOR)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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