Hemolina

A hemolina é uma proteína semelhante a uma imunoglobulina que se encontra exclusivamente em lepidópteros (mariposas e borboletas). Foi descoberta em pupas com o sistema imunitário estimulado das espécies Hyalophora cecropia^[1] e Manduca sexta.^[2]

A hemolina possui uma estrutura cristalina em forma de ferradura^[3] com quatro domínios e faz lembrar a proteína do desenvolvimento neurogliana.

A hemolina multiplica-se por 18 até 7 mg/mL após a injecção de bactérias em H. cecropia. A indução da hemolina em mariposas depois da injecção bacteriana foi detectada em várias espécies como Antheraea pernyi,^[4] Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa zea,^[5] Heliothis virescens,^[5] Hyphantria cunea,^[6] e Samia cynthia.^[7]

Sugere-se que a hemolina participa na resposta imunitária a infecções por vírus^[8] e une-se às partículas víricas.^[9] Expressa-se em resposta à presença de ARN bicatenário (dsRNA) dependendo da dose.^[10] A Galleria melonella responde à captação de cafeína pelo aumento da expressão da proteína hemolina.^[11]

Acredita-se que o gene da hemolina seja resultado da duplicação genética do gene da proteína de desenvolvimento neurogliana,^[12] mas perdeu dois dos domínios proteicos que contém a neurogliana. Na sua função potencial como proteína do desenvolvimento, a hemolina aumenta perto do período de pupação na Manduca sexta,^[13] e é induzida durante a diapausa e pela 20-hidroxiecdisona em Lymantria dispar.^[14] A interferência de ARN (RNAi) da hemolina causa deformações na H. cecropia.^[15]

Ver também

Mecanismo de defesa dos hospedeiros nos invertebrados

Referências

↑ Faye, I; Pye, A; Rasmuson, T; Boman, HG; Boman, IA (dezembro de 1975). «Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia.». Infection and Immunity. 12 (6): 1426–38. PMC 415452. PMID 812827
↑ Ladendorff, NE; Kanost, MR (1991). «Bacteria-induced protein P4 (hemolin) from Manduca sexta: a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily which can inhibit hemocyte aggregation.». Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 18 (4): 285–300. PMID 1790333. doi:10.1002/arch.940180410
↑ Su, XD; Gastinel, LN; Vaughn, DE; Faye, I; Poon, P; Bjorkman, PJ (14 de agosto de 1998). «Crystal structure of hemolin: a horseshoe shape with implications for homophilic adhesion.». Science. 281 (5379): 991–5. PMID 9703515. doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.991
↑ Li, W; Terenius, O; Hirai, M; Nilsson, AS; Faye, I (2005). «Cloning, expression and phylogenetic analysis of Hemolin, from the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi.». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 29 (10): 853–64. PMID 15978282. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.02.003
↑ ^a ^b Terenius, O; Popham, HJ; Shelby, KS (novembro de 2009). «Bacterial, but not baculoviral infections stimulate Hemolin expression in noctuid moths.». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 33 (11): 1176–85. PMID 19540262. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.009
↑ Shin, SW; Park, SS; Park, DS; Kim, MG; Kim, SC; Brey, PT; Park, HY (novembro de 1998). «Isolation and characterization of immune-related genes from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, using PCR-based differential display and subtractive cloning.». Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 28 (11): 827–37. PMID 9818384. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00077-0
↑ Bao, Y; Yamano, Y; Morishima, I (janeiro de 2007). «Induction of hemolin gene expression by bacterial cell wall components in eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini.». Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. 146 (1): 147–51. PMID 17126583. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.092
↑ Terenius, O (2008). «Hemolin-A lepidopteran anti-viral defense factor?». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 32 (4): 311–6. PMID 17981330. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.006
↑ Labropoulou, V; Douris, V; Stefanou, D; Magrioti, C; Swevers, L; Iatrou, K (outubro de 2008). «Endoparasitoid wasp bracovirus-mediated inhibition of hemolin function and lepidopteran host immunosuppression.». Cellular microbiology. 10 (10): 2118–28. PMID 18627380. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01195.x
↑ Hirai, M; Terenius, O; Li, W; Faye, I (agosto de 2004). «Baculovirus and dsRNA induce Hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in Antheraea pernyi.». Insect molecular biology. 13 (4): 399–405. PMID 15271212. doi:10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00497.x
↑ Maguire, Ronan; Kunc, Martin; Hyrsl, Pavel; Kavanagh, Kevin. «Caffeine administration alters the behaviour and development of Galleria mellonella larvae». Neurotoxicology and Teratology. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.002
↑ Hughes, AL (março de 1998). «Protein phylogenies provide evidence of a radical discontinuity between arthropod and vertebrate immune systems.». Immunogenetics. 47 (4): 283–96. PMID 9472064. doi:10.1007/s002510050360
↑ Yu, XQ; Kanost, MR (novembro de 1999). «Developmental expression of Manduca sexta hemolin.». Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 42 (3): 198–212. PMID 10536048. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199911)42:3<198::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-g
↑ Lee, KY; Horodyski, FM; Valaitis, AP; Denlinger, DL (novembro de 2002). «Molecular characterization of the insect immune protein hemolin and its high induction during embryonic diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar.». Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 32 (11): 1457–67. PMID 12530213. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00066-8
↑ Bettencourt, R.; Terenius, O.; Faye, I. (junho de 2002). «Hemolin gene silencing by ds-RNA injected into Cecropia pupae is lethal to next generation embryos». Insect Molecular Biology. 11 (3): 267–271. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00334.x

[1] Faye, I; Pye, A; Rasmuson, T; Boman, HG; Boman, IA (dezembro de 1975). «Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia.». Infection and Immunity. 12 (6): 1426–38. PMC 415452. PMID 812827

[2] Ladendorff, NE; Kanost, MR (1991). «Bacteria-induced protein P4 (hemolin) from Manduca sexta: a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily which can inhibit hemocyte aggregation.». Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 18 (4): 285–300. PMID 1790333. doi:10.1002/arch.940180410

[3] Su, XD; Gastinel, LN; Vaughn, DE; Faye, I; Poon, P; Bjorkman, PJ (14 de agosto de 1998). «Crystal structure of hemolin: a horseshoe shape with implications for homophilic adhesion.». Science. 281 (5379): 991–5. PMID 9703515. doi:10.1126/science.281.5379.991

[4] Li, W; Terenius, O; Hirai, M; Nilsson, AS; Faye, I (2005). «Cloning, expression and phylogenetic analysis of Hemolin, from the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi.». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 29 (10): 853–64. PMID 15978282. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.02.003

[Não_nomeado-xuNW-1-5] Terenius, O; Popham, HJ; Shelby, KS (novembro de 2009). «Bacterial, but not baculoviral infections stimulate Hemolin expression in noctuid moths.». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 33 (11): 1176–85. PMID 19540262. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.009

[6] Shin, SW; Park, SS; Park, DS; Kim, MG; Kim, SC; Brey, PT; Park, HY (novembro de 1998). «Isolation and characterization of immune-related genes from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, using PCR-based differential display and subtractive cloning.». Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 28 (11): 827–37. PMID 9818384. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00077-0

[7] Bao, Y; Yamano, Y; Morishima, I (janeiro de 2007). «Induction of hemolin gene expression by bacterial cell wall components in eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini.». Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. 146 (1): 147–51. PMID 17126583. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.092

[8] Terenius, O (2008). «Hemolin-A lepidopteran anti-viral defense factor?». Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 32 (4): 311–6. PMID 17981330. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.006

[9] Labropoulou, V; Douris, V; Stefanou, D; Magrioti, C; Swevers, L; Iatrou, K (outubro de 2008). «Endoparasitoid wasp bracovirus-mediated inhibition of hemolin function and lepidopteran host immunosuppression.». Cellular microbiology. 10 (10): 2118–28. PMID 18627380. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01195.x

[10] Hirai, M; Terenius, O; Li, W; Faye, I (agosto de 2004). «Baculovirus and dsRNA induce Hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in Antheraea pernyi.». Insect molecular biology. 13 (4): 399–405. PMID 15271212. doi:10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00497.x

[11] Maguire, Ronan; Kunc, Martin; Hyrsl, Pavel; Kavanagh, Kevin. «Caffeine administration alters the behaviour and development of Galleria mellonella larvae». Neurotoxicology and Teratology. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.002

[12] Hughes, AL (março de 1998). «Protein phylogenies provide evidence of a radical discontinuity between arthropod and vertebrate immune systems.». Immunogenetics. 47 (4): 283–96. PMID 9472064. doi:10.1007/s002510050360

[13] Yu, XQ; Kanost, MR (novembro de 1999). «Developmental expression of Manduca sexta hemolin.». Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 42 (3): 198–212. PMID 10536048. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199911)42:3<198::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-g

[14] Lee, KY; Horodyski, FM; Valaitis, AP; Denlinger, DL (novembro de 2002). «Molecular characterization of the insect immune protein hemolin and its high induction during embryonic diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar.». Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. 32 (11): 1457–67. PMID 12530213. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00066-8

[15] Bettencourt, R.; Terenius, O.; Faye, I. (junho de 2002). «Hemolin gene silencing by ds-RNA injected into Cecropia pupae is lethal to next generation embryos». Insect Molecular Biology. 11 (3): 267–271. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00334.x

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