The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory Edited by Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr Cetina and Eike von Savigny London and New Yorkaac Sian dite USA aml Ci BATES sc Mor Yok 00 aia np eT Pri SSSRISSNGE ipa Chapo oye soe eoewent tt” ‘Mac or ile nan tm ranean, ‘elt eek Se re eee oto pomaana st bry Coneigt MMe FE Sa nao he BN Healer eta ne Beets eck 1 ea Thode 1 Know Ct (ir i Say evn Ioan ecsa- om ISaivtoatck) Contents Listofeonmibuors ‘Acowldgoments rouction: practice theory 1 Practice as colctie action 2 Homan practice an the vera fhe maces 13 Practicemind-ed ners 4 Prgaate regimes goversing te engagement ith he world ‘5 Whatanchorscltura prac Part Inside practices 6 Wittgenstein and priory of practi 7 Whatistacitnovlae?Introduction Practice theory Theodore R. Schatzki "Thakersonce spoke of structures "stems, meaning “ite worl, evens! and aeons’ when naming the psy generic socal thing. Today. many Theorists would accord practices a comparable oer. Varied references (0 prsctice ni the contemporary academiian i diverse disciplines, fom Plilosopy, cular theory, and history Yo tciolgy, anthropology, and ened ecology dts, Unieyng many such erences are impulses to move these disciplines bjoed eurent problematic duane sod waye of thinking, For tstance, Plilosopial practice hnkos suchas Lag Witgesel (1958), Hubert Dreyiu(1991), and Charles Tayo (1985: partons} contend that practees at ‘noe underle subjects an aes, hight nouprepostioal know, ‘nd lusinate the conditions of ineligiiity! For thee soci theoretical Iethen Pete Bourceu (1977, 199), Anthony Giddens (197, 1988, and the etinomethodoingts See Lynch 1983), talk of practices bespeaks such {ess those 10 tree sil from the deleiningpraxp of bjectod ‘eciastretaesandyptems oquesionndivdal ation and thee satusas the bung boets of soil phenomena, ad a teascead iid ation ‘rut oppositions? For eatural theorists Michel Foucault (e191, 1980) and Jea-Franols Lyotard (1984, 1988), ameng others, speak of prcts so depict language es dscursive ati in opposition to ste Tura, emote, and posstrvtorali conceptions of tae acre, tem, cabstact sours. Andamong ial, the purposes animating the practice Aooretial stay of ssience and technogy (eg, Roane 199Ho; terns 1005) ae the development of eaeept of cence as acy a oppaed to ‘epresnttin andthe seconsieration of humanist dichotomies between bpumanand sonhumanenttis Towing the above disciplines in such dictions, practice theorists are making decsve cautions to contemporary understandings af diverse ‘Sues. These include the pllosophical and soil scientii significance of ‘human activi theatre sojectty, embodiment, tonality, meaning, find mormatiiy; he character 9fInngusge, science, nd power; ad he ‘Stato, proton, and rasformation of sol Hf makings Sinerbutions, practice approaches trey oppose auetods caret and2 Theodore R, Schatzki toeent paths of thsi, ising intelectual, representations, indvinns (eg rato choice theory, metho! inulin, vont anyon retrain, serene, tens ery, “Sia andy sain humanism nd pstsuctasn, ‘Given this matic of inputs, sues, and oppositions, it isnot sur pring theese practi approach Mont thinkers wh there Practeesconceeot hem minimal asrrayvo til Notonly. HORE {othe conceptions of act and what connects ati vary but some theorists deine practices a he lo act knowledgcs and prsippo tion, that nirpa setides (eq, Turner 19%; Dreyfus 191). Mest theorists morene ste al sea philosophy an the tonal ca ‘Senn ny the ati nove a hon of pero enti re runs o amu acy. A snc ponhumni minty centred a ‘Sno holga vers weve, tha te stses Dun io Prtoealsinelade hor ofronbumans such asmachinsand tebe ‘Sknticimestigaton, Aloe, ay mos practice theortswoulagee that acy i embotied an tht nerises of practices ae mediated by ict bid andar objets dsagrement reign aout he nature ‘tembodiment, tne petinens of themalsing when analog practices, Sorts fetes ht mene ati nd wheter these enti ate reerant {opractics ss more than ner interes among humans Baste ti dv, patio sean te jane nthe eb hal ach henner kaoleds meaning binant scence power engage, ‘cision and strc asformation ner within a ar aspects ‘retmponeats af fel of practices. Te elt of practices the al nes ‘er ineteomected human practes ‘The ‘prate approach’ ean thus be ‘emaratod all anaes hat (1) develop a sscount of practise de fetd ot pracices or some mci hero (ee sient) or) teste eto practi asthe lace vst the nature an ansformaton of et ‘jet matters Nte that thi smareation makes the non ofa fel of praticehe lntpinathe practice pach, ‘Acnial core moreover, of rat theorist csv of paces at enboaiod materi mediated aay amen acta eel eraned Sound shred pact understanding The point ofthe ualfr‘embodied that, as many Ine wentticenary thinkers (above all fens) Srapnine the formeofhemn atta entwined witcher he inaman body Pract thorss who hight embodiment ypcaly belie, Foner a buissnd acinar sont thin practces Fossa (Gste: 13, for ample, described how the contain of perentday Sty cntay consis in the fain of bodies (ea thei pid) Sithindsipinary practice. According to hese peace Wier practic [othe cefand inmediate contest within whic he preponderance bay properties cl soil ie are fond, nt ust laa cites at Fry experiences, race presentations, abd even pacal suctrs ax sell Of ouae the de hat the Boy onsale within some oc Practice theory 3 matics not uniqueto practi thor. Thisenproach nonetheless mk the done of omempoatyoweht on heb actviy-soceyempet ‘Allpractce theorists mean, scknoedge the dependence of ay ‘shared sie or understandings ohh ee pial owed aembosey Dageement eign on what ating eyed shed wrtadings necessary to aplin races. Ths dhagreement notwtsanding the Prominence of pacts understanding underststhepropstn tht he Iintenance of practices, and ths the persence and anslormaton of Social i, est ceil on the sues ication of shared embodcd Irow-how. As ills dest blow, thd toy command tenon inprastie theory she eommon necting piso mnd and acta of Indl stand unsey race tear al jor a varity of mei” approaches in ighptng how bundled ates intoneve with ordered contains of ‘oun nes Indeed beac human stolen then ‘f noalumans anil which proces unrtaning spect practes sivas inoheanchadgmsrl cain Echmethg forinstane examine the ined ting wthin whch ay popes wl studets ot cence and tecnology map the wider hana women eon form and vient atv win em, Phosophers poder how the meanings of materia cote depend on human pres, she Socios hw the salty f pats and meanings pat elects ‘hewiising neta of aerate nscale. consegent prac approaches roma a disint soc onolgy the soi is a Bel of emo, ateralyinrmoven Pract central organized sound shred pacha wnseandgs. This ‘oncepiom contrasts wth counts hat pve nial (erections, tanga, sigtyng tems th ie meinen act o ‘srtems i dtning he soc These phenomena, ay pratt a ‘nib amalyed ithe elf practi. Actions fr imtunce, are embedded in proces, just a did te constuted win thems Langan, sores stp of at (acs) snd he prac penomenon hoteas stains and rors are fs them, Needs to Practice thers ve diferent understandings thse mates What mov some pout race theorist noma donee jot Imola, but hemsetves popaeae peices: practices, thelr eps em Prise human and nonhuman sets. This he challenges ates to Seah thci apa natn ce presale irate othe ast Sd scope ocnteripary actives Before dering contenant re tcl the Sesion ‘pracice then “Theory mean say, peel and ste Sctoun A ther of Xt general ad atest ot Athcoy a the pace ary, comeuenty, wen str (I) sr general and Aste aevont of pacts the the ld of pastor somes thereat, or heer whatever ies neal an abstract of to4 Theodore Seta the fed of praeties. Ths definition of theory obvious departs from bch Free binant tncepon hat esther option on retin ahem eg a ent tin a hl ippothese Stems ef senesatation’ (or uvral satemens) hat cans redisione and rruthstatgesae theories. 00,0" Shae ar polos of socal phepomens; models of soil ats Santis teat set ings eg. pats attaton) ae concept itSeweks developed expres fo depizing social; and deseo of teenie sotongasthoyarecouhedinpeetal abst er. Tne iret ‘Siu exrplcets sncepon of they so sae ty wing aretoas rae theory: ‘pracice thinking. and the passe oe edhnerchagcaly sin hssnse of theory, fartermore athe coon sal theory te established seit oie soil. 1 ‘Sita aa lngh practice hints aio here of hort they Se Sneally usps thence tha deve eneral aplanatons of why tock eras Practices and social order Sica order is a prceminent concern of modern sca thought, Thomas Hobbes insured tis then by procsung sreeign power the oni Spe om ajo sate ttl wa, herewith ecuating order it peace “tcc, Durie pst wo centaries eter notons of order ave sen $Monenide his that retet the explanatory and analytic concerns of soil ‘Siene There notion tcl order a6 a generic ontlopal fate of the Tay of soci ie (t Parson’ (199-91 detinion of fect order a8 Menabloorganiation) The moa prominent such etaresare eps oF ‘Fakta iterdependent functioning seme reatednessin some version) ‘Rain, and rdelnes Aerial se she ature of act order: et Uttie an interdependence, ef, sel fatal encompass myriad ‘vidas her interacins “Accounts of what responsible for ode are as varied as conceptions oft Indiduatst approaches stile the layout of socal ais to fetus of indvtualsand he det interactions for xampls agreements (Hobbes): Shared interefznorns (Dest Paton, an Haber) ils, nlstaning nd cepa terpettions(ethnomethodsogj comm ‘Halon, negtation, an mutual adjustment (symbolic interaeionism) ad Chee sid domination, Asother ia, prominent among advocates of ‘arom coice or game theory, tha salons (markets) ate Unintended bypredvetsofations governed y rational alas. ‘Noninv accounts atiute soil ener fo phenomens that are something more than fates of indiviae nd thie immedi ine ‘na Type these phenomena determine ode ithe by affecting the ‘Eton hat pradee it cusing them, coastlning them, forming thes ‘ibunsng the contents in whih oop proceed or by dey determining Practice theory § ‘oer independeaty of man act (a when one mara ttf acety ‘aes antier): Acuna sens dering ety is dasouve (abr wes of lingual artlted meaning) ich ‘oun dnnunthriatibutets foaionofcre tainathe td of hier ial egal, andierdepndcace tn thnk cer and mcr iets were widely scen seabed by cndying set sete. The even longs Mistry whom (6, Hogs Maino, Parion. and Lana) tes the ordering of ‘he ad to aon x al nh dkcconine the ston an intercon scan ith the yy ‘Sapigsocetal subdomains sndinsttatons oe raze approehesto socal order referoréer, however once, othe Alot pacties. This nan ft, ht onder oer as) ete) ‘crthsteiandscomd bat somponen aed pcs te dare dered ‘eapobie forthe eaisiment of de. Although scouts of ely tow hs words areas dnersess torte options the lof prates, {ieseacumtell urine he ttn ndidua-aoinda ids ty mang themes af fests of bth sides Prache thin aly rekon te tring cor dst por agreement eas ‘nts and nractins aswel eth dergiingigaiane oils a erations. Tey test hese phesomena, however 8 store oF ‘ened in practise hens esata conto theater ‘Acerenl mtctosos ls ap iatrpretatine deri order(s themches ordered) qr fests pracie Prac approaches a ted toredecthcsspeaondrngpowe onus Ty deity sbanSoning the rniioal cecepton of tor as an ate meal fac and eon {xptealing sa pacts phenomenon: (1) sway of being dependent ‘um and thus vayog stag practic o (2) way oping thin FPocicey og saul provedues aad agumcataton (ee, Winch 1977, Foimin 8102), "Ate sie tn although pacts, ax ery Bares args in i contin do ao ec ond at arp they ae ih Store dey ted to indents th ee he one al ordercrhing phenome of mich macro soa tows hough rats, for example ‘Rremblemacropienomcoain consti eval ctv organiing Uiecontext sn wich pope st thy never preset snes existence ‘ner omnipotence sometimes at ted tral an what pono ‘Roan Psst alu over cuntenancsmacro determinations tht [5 hngvinus toe erento tindidn o the tton Ser tm practi expe ferent pratt fom both he Ins tons nia cmp mgt apd oneanapponch at ress ewan ef atv epproprtesin tramsigeted fom vase onidalstcxplnad, ie romain tee in paid! phonon tht fer sean from tore of onsen ec thught (og, sistem)16 Thodone R Schad “Treating the soil 2 fil of practic aso opens up new questions oncening ort’ One ot of es ares the dinston end relations fetweun micro and mato Ae eff Coulter sggets in his ey, postion {hon ca depart ou te wal ons of te mio a8 cals {hewateractns and instead conte of taste field of practices Practice ‘ptoachcs cam then ssi (0) sori, societies, and clues, (6) ‘Ercramens corporations and aris and) domination and coerion as Ethereal cols oforphetomens instituted and instantiated prac, A sesond set of fats focses on the ordering of the Geld of Brctces itl tat tho pater ad interdependence (cc) thal appear {here Aan Swiler's vestigation af whether some practices anchor and ‘lez hesitates ths secu aes of esearch. Indl practices, flys exit interdependence, orden, and the ke. A futher problem srs, consequent, pursed Laurent Theveno's my owa (and Josep Rowe's) contrition wha orders individual pace. “Tac opening pair esayain Part | exaninesontaogiclestiosbetween, onthe oe hand, pracicesich a eptarianisidingin formation, and {ic of partial lingatc expressions and, on the other, ndidaslsor mac fenotsens, Barty Burnes begins by arguing that practices are genie ‘ieee ents mune to indus ana e ir challenges one familar practice approach that atebutes shared atiy 0 noting But {lvidalcapciis dential aros peopl (og shared sil), Wihoutdeny- Ingthesipiteance of sharedeaputes he ages (aocunlikeThévenotsand ‘ny cn contribution) that accounting for races equres invoking other Dhenbmens, In partir, goals, propostionl knowledge, and active Tomo thestting ton, ames hen cxplains how he ean practice pproac Re itcaes, He Stephen Tuners attbution af practices to the Fabio ingiidals Ge his smyth volume) i form of indian, Pratces, he sounter, are collective posesions and secomlishments stained through ltracion and mutual agstment among peopl Jett ‘Contr tan tha pranslopealreslution ofthe mito-maeo problem” Be Tr examines the mao aecounts of mato phenomena foun! in Max ‘Weber and ineractonien,faling bot for oersimplitetion and inter ‘sions nition ort eda eiationofmaro things. Cones rngthe Imray the realm of practices, he Gos the exstence of mac things ‘rerday procs legitimate) asighngindrdssand actions tomato ‘Stegoree Macro phenomena, be clas est mand Cog their rane ‘Sogealinstantatons tht they exit primal n and through the ‘Chsasionsuhenitierelewint ad legitinatetocharacterie people and actions srithmacr categories. Following this adres th organization ofpracices ante mstureas well ss etaishment of socal onder 1 fit aaue that order should not be con ‘Sine of aregularitis, bt insead arrangements of people, arias nd ‘hing. contend next tat socal proctces govern both the meanings of [ungeteniscanthatons tht bingarsngement eb, aed tats ee Practice theory 7 governance i he bas of social onde. To substantiate thee theses (2) Seay practices asopen ets nonewlaized actions hataeorganivedby acta! understandings, rues, and teleoatfecity and (2) show how Dactices so conerved determine order by governing the meanings and xablshment of arangement Inthe suceeting ena, Laret Theveat Simi contests those practic theris that costae peatcs a5 custo Iie repulares ad proud set solely i shared habits oF dispositions Suc apache (nite Bae chino ho the wd ‘eaponds toma ineventon and therbyoretshuman acti They a0 reduce wrongly, the coneptons ofthe oo governing human acti Social nov wie ators follow. To recy thee diffiencies, Thevenot plesealshisnotionof apraghatc regime. A pragmatic regime insa mode of ‘tut exchangehetwcen actor and work witha coneption of the od that overs human ati. Thevenot sgt that social oder aries rom the ‘Sharing of pramatie ropes, through which modes of Huan cordiaton frccstalitied eal ener hesecontentons via an examination of {thee particle sch egies Pat cones wth Ann Swi’ examination ofthe organization ofthe fk of practices. Ae ist shoving bow practice theory solves persistent problem inthe silo of eature she nresthat practices iebehind rey pect of social enation. Flloving thi, Swi asks whether some ‘practices organize anchor orcorstrainoers Thr tra ofease tis, She examines two categories of ordering. practice: those that constitute ‘couse, acy pattern, and soil rations by enscely anchoring “conettive ries’ definitive of agents nd phenomena, nd hose that ‘stordnate wide somsns of sity msi i Inside practices Prt 2eanine a prycologisapct ofthe eonsetionofembonent tit ‘Senta to many practice spproacies Over the pte decades rade ‘hangs osu snstview th inp! oyna sx Wr ee nf neon ed eae nies oh bei ene, omtion tn proms, pace cot tend highligh embodied capctas such to how il tatu Sinang anda “Torone extent th slpto ofthese determining ctor fasta enn ferme ce al ‘metal sat edema contains he cate ere Sion of tom es apts a eapect of wnt apes or eal. a ‘ects the parieslartxdtions ox of hich pracce amas emer. {iw key inacosesapon Chor count of pri, fr ita are ‘Wigencionplonpiy anda ns of Schitaan and Hggorian ‘Piconnenloget Those sme phonpicl sores ofthe pcre of 2 Financ of adeestandigs si have sio shaped te work Dread18 Theadore R Schacht the etaomethodlopss A fre amt onto it Amen prog those, Jon Dey and George Hart Moc), bh grounded an Seta rc ty embrace fed cagine cic aa 2 seapons sas a jem. Detining t tsia human [SRieinerto ten SuaosanaberacsreturesortoSartean projections Sthmen mbit ure for ts onan atin ae Srenzng and propanol of sty. He seeks, bowers 0 Senor se nate ve sndins who peform thle eansitent See fie sb cin et sites = bjt penne “Thchuman bay, ccc lcs sl 5th pst conctonbetmeen Ta et soll mane. Ao there babar acts mos. Suing) Beco the es! determing penomenon, sent peo inal avid pl determinism, aficntynospichaogal to be cod and quately supe w eset ouch ntl ean Sint Poste hey semi fended undcmtanng rooted he ‘alznion tate body the meeting ps oeh mind ad act and of inabed ttyan si mmol “Thisapes lf praca derstanding ri th question: an an aniy of int be adequately saad by sare ss sone? Practice paces degen ttn, Oppng Boo’ amet ofthe ‘eqngy of hab, for example, ares (ond Giddens’ and tbe) instence that sil be soplemented ty some combination of pereption, proposional pone enon oa Some theory ao la tat phe ues must be rough iio ts mi Tike ease pnts tat ening opps tbe Hen tht epi tls Bove Iroc nt mos soil act hy ako rest sunt ha deen le hig by consing praca derstanding the observance of tae Wider les Ce eplcninn of inet propositions). Annan Ii feastnce i sboe al, Wins oberon i te Piel Tove ht conet ny sort (gusto met te oa iy chen nthe bse of cublsked mysot winning hem, {Geneon sty determines Some thei allow Witgentn (19S ‘cant 1-f})vcn ster taining atpracte ondestacing ‘Sint be adequate ormulatd inorder by sal nestor ‘Shae! yah emphassta totems, atorshensehes (ASH Calis ps of eny, tar cm mt be digs om he mpi abscnaton tht in son doa of pacers sucha sae ‘Solict ormuttioos de stp an embod praca dimension that de Jasanlormustdanfwhichituldbe ntesoabits eget genthe Froccesimelvd, tah woud be formule) For these thor, 0 ‘prsotasono tic alsimoledinperormingaprepria human acti) Sbeadequste most ested ht tes hms abu prac! undersaniig ay seit the eagence so he sfcney of exp ormuations On0in Practice theory 9 ctv. Sie a explc propositions work ntl, What sma die ‘ent macs of thse reign in diferent practic arenes. Practice approaches inseadenphasze woosatal penis inhiscontext The asthe prog understanding sil are os just emalpresent aman sett, bt the “sapaciy of formulations to guide what people do ets on ates (0 6a understand them The second point tha kis re shared that they are thesametndiferent individuals Nexses of activ arerotedn, tough nt ormost theorists excel in, shaved understandings ‘Sine the promincnge of povtical understanding is ted 1 the boys meditve postions between ind ae activity and between vidal acy an soil manifold understandings suetehed between two pe the boy Snthe onesie andthe socal work on the other. Although hikers dae shout whother practi understanding possesses casa ue, thy ipl concur at it cabts only ae embodied ithe inddnal. An ind possesses prsical uodertarding bomever, ony as» parent socal Practices See David Bloo's ey). Pracial understanding thus abate) ‘tdi abies tht eau ro, and also makes posible, partipaion Practices. I follows that bacause cial orders ree spon pace hit te founded on embodied understanding, they ae coed diet nthe oman cy “The esas in Pact 2 cover many ofthese sus. David Bloor began by bringing GEM. Ansconbe's account of rfl ston to bear on Wit sensei’ groundireaking remarks on muefllowing On the bass of Ieticalustextalnterpretation, he argues that Witigensen understands Following a rule to be a institution, one that encompasses ptr of ‘behavior aswell sormatineverbal'aconnting' Anaipringrie-followingas ‘an instton, Blor farther costends, at once (1) conmllte the et thes tha society aac such lstions sn 2) dissolves ome of the cota obstlesto the sosology of noledge, namely inability offer ‘onvncing analysis uefllowing (and thee. mathematics nd og), Following this H- M Cling caine the approaches to ack Knowledge pus bf socoloiss of sentc knowledge! the motors metaphor, {he rls regan model, andthe foro of ite spose He argues tat the {aan tha hase approaches tribute to much numan knee does at ‘elle the natu of knowledge such but instead ols rom how hems ‘re uit. Tis fact, watever is plospheal significance, dos nt negate ‘iemomentowsdiference the recogsiton ota knowledge Bos made tothe ‘dy of scenic practices. Coline conclds his dcstion by ententing ‘hat ‘what opoq to oth computer aid neua-aet medals of human scythe embedding of knowledge and action within soil conte (cl Clie 199), the next essay, Spon Turner extends arguments of his rset bok (Tummer 1994) against expaining practices gua behworl epariies by ‘efeence to stred uct rules, On the background connections ccnun fF the learning of gram, he suggests that any account of paces i10. These RScharcki ‘omen bythe fat hat pasties havea ene somponeat His count Seach the any and strcuring of sformation in en ease Momain together wih the waging. purposes and experiential Fircsoftedifecatinvidlsmssteringthem. The esing minimalist Een of vocal races the sng ately fom convergenesi ‘Se Peple earn (formation ad his) Part 2 concludes wih Michae] {ynalsdemonstation that hough the metho actorsempoynexeyng ‘oot te an be represented by describing what people do (in ascom ‘isting s,s mposibi to capture hese methods in abrat, rete Renan ht spel out he lope of pace Examples of sc ormul Ponsa rates scemifc athod andthe cules and model that conver ei ana atbutes To speakers Ly’ strategy if expose the gaps {fatseyeneay ase betweun methods and abstract formulations. Examining seitcrotion pide om the fit O. 3. Simpson t,he bows that the ition of fosmslation attend not just formations of soil eens, but ‘Mhothowparcpans offer whon investigating hei own ates. Posthumanist challenges yaya ky deiing her woes Wes dng Oi sae ceraern 2 mene 9), Ts aoa ao oc dng he Tab so cetvate Man RESON Sar exo che banned rowing sees uan teenth cana sre eee ene thy cn cee ad he roe Sn tam sone se pln hs sete sonic Ltr moran aos dense ene abi ne ve ac a en truhantons i aie potent aul pon ate timing of te eee ry Ta ein tng cig, tea loca eke someting mo. rotate ily oy pt ce annem cs econo at par ete di se cra ey a erent, oe fas Yt ana horre har tien hn een Secs endemic Tt etynonanaintrct rac hon Te fiat cote Shee” etn slr tes eve aed va tan Set tet ig ec muna nan TerF Stuntman soc osc om anther ha Mune mt myo mice esto martha pte Rana note Png aa Catacomb athens ite me eo Practice theory 1 betvs rece: sng the role of nonhumans andthe geey ia ‘stn human races informing ao abizingrsm vor Note thurbysdomisigngooshumas ox components sr determinants te srangenettbat enemas people tie of esearch problemas the onept ol he oil nd catego ional dri lane between pone “Tod, prcice thors of may sips acknowledge that nonhuman nies epee man scl Practice insted, are oneal ‘Snstoed semua meatal ene sii. hiking hs om xen mos practi this oust oc on te bam They 0 {iow tt potent collages in (0) opolsng someting te Calon tnt Latour fe allo 98 Calon a Kao 1982) pine af Spon em whi concep hier reeved for many age. ‘teston,pupore, owl, ee, tao ap os andor {@ysseing mane an onbaman hs power ad popes) a equal) Sttegent tom a prior mais or plane called ‘praca’ (Rouse 199 Pitring 105). For thee humana const pace ae aay stv, and the aces ive se those of humans. Tel acount Snegieny, abo presume these uy andes of oman en. Humonisthcrstight uy suet int psthmansent sckoowe that boner apes) bh ss om bly ems and ed eterna rongenensbumans andsorhumans According oem, boweer, se incr vplace aman agency with no agente aon of thew sens or arangemests. The bik of proce fhe might ao stoepotierpesiumanstsouding tees for ane at hua ty isnot completes mstered by the selteoncous subject of mserast ore, ‘that onan gens insome ease the Word ‘A acon pothunnit apema wy pnd in practic hen it the puiontisaton f prncets cre indidul for india sect). Foe Samples may. atures nid re limed tone om the terpenes ries Moe general tere come 19 ‘peu tasty, shan ithe ents and genders though isnconoration "Ths the insane naman ther hings, fheudea thatthe forms of nde ctv depen oa the praczsin wich people artipte lao expresses Tull declination of the ‘den coniton thos ml be cnt pheaoenon in una ie the ‘Sure of meaning, the copa nwa at, the welling ‘Sivigsandvat-orslesrttutrofealiy, Acondingo practi heo Ind Warlatoagignticent extn cnsied within prvtes awe trac the content tnd propertes that cmpore and define mind are ‘psa! red and contin nerophsoia andepinoigs they depen, bth catsaly and ontlogsall on paription in soa Protest, Cooler 199) Ass sea the st of man beings Tjaden) bund topos rots nso pee ad asthe cental phenomenon nus12 Theodore. Shaki This priontiaon of practcs oer in ings with atom concepton a knowledge Arrested, Knowledge (ad oth) aren longer ‘Sona selfranet psi mic Rather kw st ncatig i sate eros se edited Wk by eon, ‘hecho nnd by argc inte wns One, comet, Tnomtnno longer ne oer tested feat tire ogc sit her mnt coe esi anew {Lb no Tongs amount sop spesmaoas Not ony do pra {nds rye ose, stpr heat cto ion pec orm af eprops kobe presses depose te ‘suet pace hugh joins ter sonore ssc atc the us meaning a ory trac o) Precinct prereset ‘Siva meaning lang adnate cation tne Seienfrmatn hc phenomenon chisemans exo pecs thru ealned nthe pobrelmot ton and nce at acs pene. laden ote cemtting or meting Isao ion aye wep oven deo thenowotpecsdngtatehaceae ext paces whether ‘se commland nosy an uansormaion tke heist Sins pace ‘estmont aay ar mtr offcl nt niente mali to vying eats insracig arn nc, ain lagigs alse a Dt eal phenonenn Note. ov Rowse thas in hi Sy ha he pst nee meni somata inpratcropentiese phenome ection ea inst aft pci for cemple power nd pie Te psi Sogn thse tmmed up i oailopponton ope ‘Mona meaigandlangge aig tome icons sycamore nent nets ich thom agie h roe 0 Sie sot somthing ty vi i ow pooped cttohew 3 bogs th ae ames poshamonist sje: the inkpendaeaf eo) obec roman srl corto Tatar Drei ge ni contri ta he pase approach Someta fowacatanssmain sgt sth het ‘Clit formance Dena Darts unesondy Rowse) acon ino cic nenng ote no entlconeni ae eta ‘tone no hate very te of thng they en thos intent tte sro ser ahenatve Helge’ aero of quien enw sn chjctsnangond Tone: Dedtinbes {Setapact of paces sont ces om te yay aces the and ash te ay rough Hedege ton foal Segue hee exfceme cl sanareabon tol te eee i pac me pment ale athe ftetinlcomponet of heuer tienen Practice theory 13 The two allowing esp ares objects, And iki commences by eng hal fre poston sola thar that ccc ea the str she mutual conaition of tat aad hua agen He tion sory of agen tat world stay ky stefan eran the material and the hn, an in ies oti ieee te hinteensentary ntti dye tty the alone aed ps Ward War berets. in pert be heen computer mteracs Sich campos Asta, Pikeingarges bth he oevolton theme osc, and cil and the poverty of conte caplantins i th anaes Kirn or Cx low than analsot he tnevidpe-bned ences that havebeome prominent in contro tnowge ete sone a in snc, She es the here that sao pati tal Sais cone as es a obi w pe hts las of he jegedeharacter of thse epee patos She pro hat the eke of sick paces ted national Samir tat Hinks subjects al objets to enc pricy, te eect mold are ‘eitemic bee’ sharacciaed yan incompltiontbtagand thay tounfld indent Bocane sh objets pustonar te expres ‘nd unolings they, tots wih he inal scaring of wate ermine, given the advance af peace and the tnsormation a he Subjec-objet ratios attscoe "The al wo essay emmine the poration of practices ener ind vids ph Rous ein dsingiting wn cosponsors as "epularisofbehavor ore antec ansr oor Ot tear Opposing Turners version ofthe conception he ares bat somatityToks ike fete and erin of acted ‘hm te signicece of language within pas Toning tose ‘uti, Rows then ouines the pilosphil smcepton of lana, novi. a ower tat oo eating bananas (el sens) aormatin practise cy codes wh felt the ‘tle postion ofsdence sie. Chars Spinone ap up the mc "amine how india do not contol fe decopment tnd fate of brates Spins argues hal practices ib ener enna {hn carton regress he intentions ot patpans where ‘Chboraon’ means grestr relicment along With ean ase racist core es His sty dace to poses teeta en {one on which aboraton a dcantnuens and econ pote (Derg) andon on wish ts the grail rutin a mpi teas {ita pavers eect one gua oe beter aa ot how paties npc mara sti wader rite fat sty sta aod Pract theory isone orion of present sca thought. This introductions Sought to atalite this approsch ae » lose, but neveribelessdefacle ‘movementofthouphthat isuniied around ede that he prctioes the plac tolestgate such pheaomens sr agency, howled. anguase6 Thodore R Sette this pomer, ar slence, Despite thi shared convo, practice thous heompses muri and often onfiting ition conceptons, and feseunh statgies ‘Thi volume chars some ofthe dest in practice {honking about onder, the explnaton of practices and various sues ted up ik posthomnis ln doing, sb seks o demonstrate the nteasing ppncrandeope of practice tery Notes ‘Tisoncton seen ety improved ye comments of Hay oli Best ‘refs Karn Rt Cl Jos Rose Stee Tur Wien ‘Eetic Dreylrs and ors wer ie, be eon food 1 eee 2 Fe ono henge of Ba a ts er 1 {eis 0 (1) ae Hour (1977, 10), Giles (179, 16, Rome (Gin) Eamon 2) inca Siler (989) scout of cata a prac Ciena ea) ot nd en ne 4 Tard oft eat twenty egal ms ara ‘terminator eon (18 res (1988 Chapter 2) Pesan {Gone Sal Use choca) an Bloor 997) 9 Moatng eli ose sic of catcopoay gi ce on thor For gener Souinnaee Seah a Nate 8. es ro cole kar, mot al ree tans foe ‘ap Ror Ces (4) or (8) acing (98, aur (187) Lane {iba eto (1920, and Re ner 297. 7 Erbe nd ben 8 sein pct eae inosine, Lyotard et aioe G2) cone ine o Ite b fis olome). For some, the pony of rato: no means tht opal kee sens ce sonans seme Vey aleen camps SSR ne oy nn (8) se he 4 Thecorren!imosaton his 9 spac oexnine how practi notions infor thecepton ocr ar Hegel Sie ape Kanan Mor ‘She tor stamp Mache G58) and Oneshot (092) Toreneeptos of ‘Sid tre by atine ot pats ont One (97) Mic {omy and Spon, Fes and Dra (985, PartI Practices and social orders