Ingles ESA
Ingles ESA
Ingles ESA
PRONOUNS I������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
SUBJECT PRONOUNS��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
OBJECT PRONOUNS����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
EXERCÍCIOS�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
GABARITO������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8
PRONOUNS I 3
PRONOUNS I
Conheça e use os pronomes
Vamos aprender um pouco sobre os pronomes Subject e Object Pronouns, o que são e para
que servem.
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Pronouns are short words and can do everything that nouns can do and they represent nouns
that are the subjects of sentences. For example, in the below sentences:
ͫ Stephanie is my wife = She is my wife. The subject is “Stephanie”
ͫ Elie loves watching movies. He loves watching movies. The subject is “Elie”
Obs: Os Subject pronouns veem antes dos verbos.
a. It (ele ou ela) refere-se a coisas, animais e fenômenos da natureza.
The cat sleeps. It is raining.
It sleeps.
b. It é usado quando o sexo não estiver definido ou não seja necessário especificá-lo.
Child = criança or Baby = bebê
The child is important for the family.
It is important for the family.
c. He e She podem aparecer para designar animais e coisas personificadas
ͫ Atenção!!
4
OBJECT PRONOUNS
O verbo give (dar) que conjugado se transformou em gave (dei) exige um complemento como
em português:
“Eu comprei sapatos e dei os sapatos para minha namorada”. Estranho não é?
O ideal seria: “Eu comprei sapatos e os dei para minha namorada”.
Percebeu a diferença?
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM
1. Complete with the correct pronoun:
a) It is easy for _____________ to find a job. (they/them)
b) John is going to London. ____________ is going there by plane. (He/Him)
c) ___________ are good friends of Dave. (Our/We)
d) Where are the other students? They didn’t wait for ____________. (we/us)
e) The inspector said: “Are you calling ____________ an old man?” (I/me)
2. Complete as frases substituindo as palavras sublinhadas por Subject ou Object pronou-
ns. Pamela does her projects on the computer.
__________ does them on __________.
a) Roger takes Lisa out to dance every Saturday.
__________ takes __________ out to dance every Saturday.
b) Steve and I help the children all the time.
__________ help __________ all the time.
c) Susan and Janet listen to music with Tom and me.
__________ listen to music with __________.
d) Jim takes Spanish lessons with Paul and Bob.
__________ takes Spanish lessons with __________.
6
EXERCÍCIOS
Replace the bold word(s) with the correct pronoun in the questions 1 to 7.
1. My cousin and her friend were at the mall. _____ were at the mall.
a) He
b) Him
c) They
d) Them
e) She
2. Does your aunt know what happened? Does _____ know what happened?
a) she
b) he
c) they
d) them
e) him
3. The door is locked. _____ is locked.
a) Him
b) Her
c) We
d) They
e) It
4. My friend Linda and I are going on a trip. _____ are going on a trip.
a) We
b) Us
c) They
d) Them
e) You
5. My cats are hungry. _____ are hungry.
a) It
b) Them
c) They
d) She
e) We
6. I never go out with Ann and Marcy. I never go out with _____.
a) she
EXERCÍCIOS 7
b) them
c) they
d) her
e) we
7. Is Swedish a difficult language. Yes, _____ is a difficult language.
a) she
b) he
c) her
d) him
e) It
Fill in the blank with the right Pronoun to complete the sentence in the questions 8 to 10.
GABARITO
1. C
2. A
3. E
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. E
8. D
9. E
10. B
PRONOUNS II
SUMÁRIO
PRONOUNS II������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
EXERCÍCIOS�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
GABARITO������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8
PRONOUNS II 3
PRONOUNS II
Conheça e use os pronomes
Vamos aprender um pouco sobre os pronomes Possessive Adjectives, Possessive Pronouns e
Reflexive Pronouns.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Possessive Adjectives
my meu, minha, meus, minhas
your teu, tua, seu, sua
his dele
her dela
its dele, dela (coisas e animais)
our nosso(s), nossa(s)
your teus, tuas, seus, suas
their deles, delas
Usamos os Possessive Adjectives sempre antes de substantivos para indicar que aquele subs-
tantivo pertence a alguém.
Exemplos:
My jacket is quite new.
She has her own car.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Possessive Pronouns
mine meu, minha, meus, minhas
yours teu, tua, seu, sua
his dele
hers dela
*its dele, dela (coisas e animais)
ours nosso(s), nossa(s)
yours teus, tuas, seus, suas
theirs deles, delas
You have your house and we have our house. - You have your house and we have
ours.
We avoid using its as possessive pronouns except when we use it with own:
Example:
The house seemed asleep yet, as I have said, it had a life of its own.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Reflexive Pronouns
myself eu mesmo(a)
yourself você mesmo(a)
himself ele mesmo
herself ela mesma
itself ele(a) mesmo(a) (coisas e animais)
ourselves nós mesmos(as)
yourselves vocês mesmos(as)
themselves eles, elas mesmos(as)
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM
1. (ALFACON – 2021) Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns:
a) Please, tell them to help __________________ during the party.
b) Children, take care of __________________.
EXERCÍCIOS 5
2. (FCC – 2017) Choose the right alternative to complete the sentence below.
I’ve seen ______ books on the table. Have you seen ______?
a) your – my
b) yours – mine
c) your – mine
d) your – me
e) yours – my
3. (ALFACON – 2021) Choose the right alternative according to the correct pronouns.
a) We always see he at school.
b) We would like to take you home with we.
c) We always drive ours car in the morning.
d) This isn’t my shirt. My is blue.
e) Your coat is here. Where is theirs.
4. (ALFACON – 2021) Circle the only correct letter that has the pronoun to complete the
spaces.
My mom gave ____ a nice camera for my birthday. ____ is a very good model. I took a lot of
pictures and ____ were excellent. It also makes nice videos. The quality is super! The camera can
turn ____ on and off. Super, right? I will give my mom a nice present on ____ birthday, too!
a) him – it – they – themself - his
b) me – it – they – itself – her
c) him – it – we – themself – his
d) me – they – they – itself – his
e) us – they – they – itself – her
EXERCÍCIOS
Choose the right alternative to complete the sentences appropriately.
5. (ALFACON – 2021) That bicycle belongs to _____. It’s _____ bike. It’s _____.
a) I – me – my
b) me – my – mine
c) him – he – he
d) she – her – here
6
6. (ALFACON – 2021) We told ______ that they were wrong, but they didn’t admit ______
mistakes.
a) they – their
b) them – theirs
c) them – they
d) them – their
e) them – them
7. (ALFACON – 2021) Everyone knows that I want to sell ______ car, but nobody knows that
Mary and Peter want to sell ______.
a) my – their
b) mine – them
c) my – they
d) my – theirs
e) mine – theirs
8. (ALFACON – 2021) An old friend _______ invited me to go to the U.S.A. with him.
a) my
b) of me
c) of my
d) mine
e) of mine
13. (ALFACON – 2021) In the sentence “Here are some things you can do to protect yourself,
family and friends from getting sick: 1) wash your hands often using soap and water.” the
underlined words can be correctly classified as:
a) subject pronoun • reflexive pronoun • possessive adjective.
b) subject pronoun • reflexive pronoun • possessive pronoun.
c) personal pronoun • relative pronoun • possessive pronoun.
d) object pronoun • reflexive pronoun • possessive adjective.
e) personal pronoun • indefinite pronoun • possessive adjective.
14. (ALFACON – 2021) It was a dog’s day ... The alarm clock rang. TIME TO WORK! I looked at
___________________ in the mirror and I was pale. Then I asked ___________________
husband to prepare ___________________ breakfast and he cut ____________________
badly with a knife. We looked at ___________________ and decided to stay home.
a) me – my – our – him – ourselves
b) myself – mine – ours – himself – each other
c) myself – my – our – him – one another ourselves – my – ourselves – himself
– themselves
d) myself – my – our – himself – each other
8
GABARITO
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. E
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. E
TO BE FORMS
SUMÁRIO
TO BE FORMS������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 3
VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PRESENT����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
NEGATIVE SENTENCES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
VERB TO BE – SIMPLE PAST������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
NEGATIVE SENTENCES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
QUESTION WORDS������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
LET’S TRY GUYS!������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
EXERCÍCIOS�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7
GABARITO������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9
TO BE FORMS 3
TO BE FORMS
This is a short but very important class. We will study the
Present tense of verb to be. It is ONE verb in English with TWO
translations in Portuguese. To be = “ser” or “estar”.
Esta é uma aula breve, porém muito importante. Estudaremos
o presente do verb to be. É um verbo em inglês que no português
apresenta duas traduções. To be = ser ou estar.
Contracted form
O verbo ‘to be’ é frequentemente contraído quando segue um pronome. A
contração é feita com o uso do apóstrofo (‘). Veja os exemplos:
I’m strong. Sou/estou forte.
We’re happy. Somos/estamos felizes.
He’s sad. Ele é/está triste.
Obs.: Contrações são geralmente evitadas no discurso formal ou na escrita.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
O verbo ‘to be’ torna-se negativo com a adição de ‘not’.
I’m not happy. Não sou/estou feliz.
She is not sad. Ela não é/não está triste.
They are not weak. Eles/elas não são/não estão fracos/fracas.
4
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Was not = wasn’t
Were not = weren’t
I wasn’t = eu não era ou eu não estava.
We weren’t = nós não éramos ou nós não estávamos.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Segue a regra do Simple Present.
Was / were antes do sujeito. E a tradução continua a mesma.
Was he at the airport?
Were they at home?
QUESTION WORDS
Os Interrogativos (Question Words) são usados para se obter informações especificas. As
perguntas elaboradas com eles são chamadas wh-questions, pois todos os interrogativos,
com exceção apenas de how (como), começam com as letras wh. Na maior parte dos casos,
os Interrogativos (Question Words) são colocados antes de verbos auxiliares.
TO BE FORMS 5
Question Words
Who quem
whom quem
Which qual, quais
Where onde
Whose de quem
When quando
Why por que
What o que, qual
How como
Who is that pretty girl?
(Quem é aquela moça linda?)
Whom (é usado como o objeto da pergunta.)
Whom did you kiss at the party?
(Quem você beijou na festa?)
Which color do you prefer?
(Qual cor você prefere?)
Where were you last night?
(Onde estava a noite passada?)
Whose pen is this?
(De quem é esta caneta?)
When did you arrive?
(Quando você chegou?)
Why did you do that?
(Por que você fez aquilo?)
6
EXERCÍCIOS
Choose the right alternative to complete the sentences below.
GABARITO
1. d
2. b
3. b
4. d
5. C
6. a
7. a
8. D
9. E
10. c
VERB TENSES
SUMÁRIO
VERB TENSES����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
SIMPLE PRESENT�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
USOS DO SIMPLE PRESENT����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
LET’S TRY GUYS!������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
ATIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
EXERCÍCIOS�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
GABARITO��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
VERB TENSES 3
VERB TENSES
SIMPLE PRESENT
USOS DO SIMPLE PRESENT
ͫ PARA EXPRESSAR VERDADES GERAIS.
Ant-eaters eat ants.
(Tamanduás comem formigas)
The moon revolves around the earth.
(A lua gira ao redor da terra.)
ͫ PARA EXPRESSAR AÇÕES HABITUAIS.
She goes to the cinema on Saturdays.
(Ela vai ao cinema aos sábados.)
Advérbios e locuções de uso frequente com o Simple Present:
SIMPLE PRESENT
I have Eu tenho
You have Você tem
He has Ele tem
She has Ela tem
It has Ele (ela) tem
We have Nós temos
You have Vocês têm
They have Eles (elas) têm
O verbo to have também é usado para falar das refeições e outras atividades.
Examples:
to have coffee, beer, cigarettes – tomar café, cerveja / fumar cigarros.
to have breakfast – tomar café da manhã.
to have lunch – almoçar.
to have dinner – jantar.
to have a shower, a bath – tomar banho.
to have a party – dar uma festa.
Let’s try guys! 5
2. Circle the only correct letter to complete the spaces in these sentences.
“Mary is a student. She ___ to school by car. She ___ her homework in her room. She ___ one
dog. She doesn’t like cats.”
a) go / do / have
b) go / do / has
c) goes / does / have
d) goes / does / haves
e) goes / does / has
EXERCÍCIOS
Choose the right alternative to complete the sentences below.
6. Tony and Stephanie ___________ the subway train to work every day.
a) takes
b) taking
c) are take
d) take
e) take’s
8. John ____________ very hard in class, but I don’t think he’ll pass the course.
a) tryies
b) try
c) tries
d) trys
e) tryes
GABARITO
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. E
6. D
7. a
8. C
9. D
10. B
VERB TENSES II
SUMÁRIO
VERB TENSES II
SIMPLE PRESENT
USOS DO SIMPLE PRESENT
ͫ Negative & Interrogative forms
Na Negativa e Interrogativa usa-se o auxiliar “ To Do ”
I ; We ; You ; They Do/Don’t
He ; She ; It Does/Doesn’t
- Nestes casos são auxiliares, ou seja, auxiliam para indicar que a frase é interrogativa ou
negativa e para indicar o tempo verbal das frases, aqui, presente;
- Não têm tradução específica na sentença;
- Sem eles “não saberíamos” o tempo verbal das frases, o presente. Portanto, são essenciais
para indicar que a frase é Simple Present.
» Interrogative sentence
Do you enjoy your job?
Do they have a meeting at 10 o’clock?
» Negative sentence
We don’t live in Italy.
I don’t work at the hotel.
» Interrogative sentence
4
VOCABULARY
Limited vocabulary knowledge can negatively impact the development of a student’s
reading comprehension skills.
CLD: effective-vocabulary-instructions
EXERCÍCIOS
Choose the right alternative to complete the sentences below.
1. The old man __________ every word that you are saying.
a) are understanding
b) understanding
c) understands
d) is understand
e) understand
2. (UNESP) He doesn’t __________ anymore.
a) smoking
b) no smoking
c) smokes
d) smoked
e) smoke
3. (PUCPR) When Carlos has a headache, he __________ some tea.
a) is drinking
b) drank
c) used to drink
d) drinks
e) would drink
4. (VUNESP) He doesn’t __________ anymore.
a) smoking
b) no smoking
c) smoke
d) smokes
e) smoked
5. (UNITAU-SP) My girl often __________ when we __________ a joke.
a) laugh – tell
b) laughs – tells
c) laugh – tells
d) laughs – tell
e) laughes – tell
EXERCÍCIOS 7
GABARITO
1. C
2. E
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. D