2.10.

2
Dimensionamento dos Componentes

1
Sumário
1. Lista de Figuras....................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Introdução .................................................................................................................................................. 4

3. Condutores ................................................................................................................................................ 5

4. Chave seccionadora Geral CC ................................................................................................ 8

Conectores MC-4........................................................................................................................................... 8

5. Fusiveis ........................................................................................................................................................10

6. Chave seccionadora Geral CC .............................................................................................11

7. DPS (Dispositivo de Proteção contra Surtos – Varistores) ....................................12

8. Disjuntor ......................................................................................................................................................13

9. Componentes restantes .................................................................................................................14

2
1. LISTA DE FIGURAS

Figura 1 Fonte: www.60hz.com.br/painel-solar.jpg ................................................................. 6

Figura2 http://www.macamp.com.br/variedades/OhmEletrica.htm .............................. 8
Figura 3 – Tabela do fabricante, indicando os conectores corretos para as
bitolas – Fonte: Multi-Contact............................................................................................................... 9
Figura4 www.apebauru.com.br/pdf/ABB/Protecao/Dispositivo/ProtetordeSurto-
2010.pdf ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

3
2. INTRODUÇÃO

Nesta unidade veremos como calcular e dimensionar os componentes

do sistema fotovoltaico, que farão parte do diagrama multifilar, como por
exemplo:

-Condutores
-Conectores
-Fusíveis
-Chave Geral CC e CA
-DPS (Dispositivo de Proteção Contra Surtos)
-Disjuntores

4
Vamos lembrar aqui de alguns detalhes do nosso sistema (valores nominais
dos módulos testados em laboratório):

Potência Pico Nominal (Wp) = 8 * 260 Wp = 2.120 Wp

Tensão em Circuito Aberto (Voc) = 37,7 V * 8 = 301,60 V
Tensão em Máxima Potência (Vmpp) = 30,3 V * 8 = 242,40 V
Corrente em Curto-Circuito (Isc) = 9,09 A * 1 = 9,09 A
Corrente em Máxima Potência (Impp) = 8,59 * 1 = 8,59 A

3. CONDUTORES

Os condutores serão dimensionados de acordo com a norma ABNT

NBR-5410:2004. Você também poderá utilizar a planilha que foi anexada a
esta unidade. Iremos considerar as seguintes diretrizes:
1- Tensão da String = 475,2 V
2- Corrente máxima = 11,25 A (IEC 60364-7-712)
3- Distância máxima = 8 metros (entre módulos fotovoltaicos e o
inversor)
4- Condutores de cobre estanhado = Condutibilidade de 56 (1/56)
5- Queda de tensão = 1% (0,01)

2∗8∗11,25
Smm² = ≈ 0,68 mm²
56∗0,01∗475,2

5
 Os cabos de núcleo único são resistentes ao tempo, a abrasão e aos
raios UV. Estes cabos de sistemas solares são isentos de halogênio, duplos
isolados e reticulados e são adequados para uso externo permanente. Eles
são para uso em sistemas fotovoltaicos, tanto para o cabeamento de
módulos solares entre si e como conexão para o inversor DC/AC.

Os cabos de interconexão das placas solares, são produzidos

especialmente para este tipo de ligação e já vem com padrão de qualidade
aprovado e dimensionados de fábrica e acoplados no painel fotovoltaico
de acordo com a corrente que será produzida pelo mesmo.

Figura 1 Fonte: www.60hz.com.br/painel-solar.jpg

6
 A ligação das placas solares até a String Box deverá ser realizada
por cabos especiais de mesma especificação técnica dos cabos que já vem
acoplados nas placas, por ficarem expostos ao tempo (sol e chuva).

Seguindo as orientações da ABNT NBR-5410:2004 a seção mínima

para os condutores em circuitos de potência deve ser de 2,5 mm², também
para CC. Utilizaremos os cabos da Nexans com bitola de 6mm² próprios para
sistemas fotovoltaicos (com dupla proteção, contra rios UVs).

No total serão usados 20 metros de cabo, 10 metros do cabo positivo

(vermelho) e 10 cabos do negativo (preto), indo dos módulos no telhado,
passando pelo inversor e pelas proteções até o quadro de energia dentro
casa. E para uma instalação adequada veremos que também utilizaremos
conduítes, eletrodutos e caixas de passagem. Que darão um aspecto
profissional a instalação.

7
 Para o cálculo dos condutores CA, aconselhamos o uso da planilha
que está anexada.

Figura2 http://www.macamp.com.br/variedades/OhmEletrica.htm

4. CHAVE SECCIONADORA GERAL CC

CONECTORES MC-4
8
 Este é um dos símbolos dos sistemas fotovoltaicos, e são conectores
específicos para as instalações fotovoltaicas, que poderão ser da marca
original (inventora do padrão) Multi-Contact ou de marcas paralelas.
Recomendamos o uso de conectores originais.

Figura 3 – Tabela do fabricante, indicando os conectores corretos para as bitolas – Fonte:

Multi-Contact

Podemos verificar acima que existem modelos específicos para cada

bitola que será usada, este ponto é importante para evitar a fixação
incorreta e infiltrações que poderão ocorrer.

9
 Serão necessários apenas 2 conectores, que serão utilizados em
cada fim da string (+ e -) e desceram levando os cabos ao inversor.
Lembre-se de levar uma reserva técnica, caso algum deles seja prensado
de forma incorreta, você também poderá prensar estes cabos antes de sair
de sua base, facilitando o trabalho.

Dica: Você também poderá preparar os cabos que irão aterrar os painéis
uns aos outros, e deverão descer para o aterramento central, ou para o
aterramento do próprio sistema. Os cabos de aterramento são verdes e
iremos utilizar cabos de 4mm², veremos como eles serão usados com mais
detalhes no módulo de instalação.

5. FUSIVEIS

Vamos dimensionar os fusíveis de acordo com a seguinte equação:

9*1,25 A = 11,25 A ≤ Ifusível ≤ 15 A

Não utilizaremos fusíveis nesta instalação pois utilizamos disjuntores,

que serão utilizados caso os varistores (DPS) não atuem.

Caso você utilize fusíveis (leia a norma da sua distribuidora) será

necessário usar um porta fusíveis. Fique atento ao padrão da sua String Box.

10
6. CHAVE SECCIONADORA GERAL CC

As chaves seccionadoras são dispositivos mecânicos de manobra

capaz de “cortar” um circuito elétrico, desenvolvidas de acordo com as
normas vigentes atendendo aos requisitos da NR12 e conforme normas
internacionais IEC 60947-1 e 3.

Esta chave era obrigatória antes da resolução 687. Agora

normalmente ela vem embutida no próprio inversor. Mas poderá ser utilizada
na String Box, caso você ache necessário, leia a norma da sua distribuidora
para ter certeza se ela o obriga a utilizar. Veja as classificações:

AC20 ou DC20: a seccionadora não abre circuitos sob carga, somente isola
circuitos inoperantes;
AC21 ou DC21: a seccionadora abre circuitos com cargas resistivas;
AC22 ou DC22: a seccionadora abre circuitos com carga mistas (resistivas
e indutivas/capacitivas);
AC23 ou DC23: a seccionadora abre circuitos com cargas puramente
indutivas (ex.: grupos de motores).

Neste caso utilizamos a chave do modelo OTDC 16F3 do fabricante

ABB de 25A. Para calcular utilize a seguinte forma:
Ichave geral CC > 9,01 * 1,5 ≈ 13,5 A

11
 Esta chave terá a função de somente isolar o sistema, caso o usuário
ou a distribuidora ache necessário.

7. DPS (DISPOSITIVO DE PROTEÇÃO CONTRA SURTOS – VARISTORES)

Selecionamos os modelos OVR PV 40 1000C da ABB, pois eles tem a

tensão superior à tensão em circuito aberto dos módulos e a tolerância a
surtos do inversor. Sua tensão para corrente contínua é de 1000V e suporta
corrente de 40kA.

Figura4 www.apebauru.com.br/pdf/ABB/Protecao/Dispositivo/ProtetordeSurto-2010.pdf

12
8. DISJUNTOR

Iremos utilizar um disjuntor monopolar DIN da GE modelo G30 SL de 25A

que ficará entre os módulos e o inversor (lado CC). E um disjuntor Bipolar CA
NEMA da GE modelo TQC12420 de 20A que ficará depois do inversor (lado
CA, entre o inversor e o quadro de distribuição QDC), que vai ser o disjuntor
geral.

Para selecionar o disjuntor utilize a fórmula:

Idisjuntor > 17,4 A e para o disjuntor geral:

IdisjuntorCA > 1 (1 string) * 17,4 A = 17,4 A

13
9. Componentes restantes

Utilizaremos também uma String Box da ABB com trilho DIN perfurado,
abraçadeiras, eletrodutos, conduítes, caixas de conexão, canaletas e
terminais, veremos estes itens no módulo de instalação.

14
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