Anuário Brasileiro Da Fruticultura - 2013
Anuário Brasileiro Da Fruticultura - 2013
Anuário Brasileiro Da Fruticultura - 2013
BR AZ ILI AN FR UIT
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ISSN 1808-4931
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2013 A R U T L U IC
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ANURIO BRASILEIRO DA FRUTICULTURA 2013 Editor: Romar Rudolfo Beling; editor assistente: Daniel Neves da Silveira; textos: Helosa Poll, Benno Bernardo Kist, Cleiton Evandro dos Santos, Erna Regina Reetz, Cleonice de Carvalho e Daniel Neves da Silveira; superviso: Romeu Inacio Neumann; traduo: Guido Jungblut; fotografia: Slvio vila, Inor Assmann (Agncia Assmann) e divulgao de empresas e entidades; projeto grfico e diagramao: Mrcio Oliveira Machado; arte de capa: Mrcio Oliveira Machado, sobre fotografia de Slvio vila; edio de fotografia e arte-final: Mrcio Oliveira Machado; marketing: Maira Trojan Bugs, Tainara Bugs e Rafaela Jungblut; superviso grfica:Mrcio Oliveira Machado; distribuio: Simone de Moraes; impresso: Grfica Coan, Tubaro (SC). ISSN 1808-4931 permitida a reproduo de informaes desta revista, desde que citada a fonte. Reproduction of any part of this magazine is allowed, provided the source is cited.
Inor Ag. Assmann
A636 Anurio brasileiro da fruticultura 2013 / Helosa Poll ... [et al.]. Santa Cruz do Sul: Editora Gazeta Santa Cruz, 2013. 136 p. : il. ISSN 1808-4931 1. Frutas - Cultivo - Brasil. I. Poll, Helosa.
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IntroduCtion
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38 > PRINCIPAIS FRUTAS >
Main Fruit
O cenrio atualizado da produo e da comercializao nas 10 espcies que mais se destacam
An updated look at the production and trade scenario of the 10 most important fruit species
speCial
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05 NUM3R05 N40 M3NT3M: 2012 F01 0 M3LH0R 4N0 D4 H15T0R14 P4R4 0 4GR0N3G0C10 BR451L31R0.
A maior safra da histria, com 166,2 milhes de toneladas US$ 79,41 bilhes de saldo na Balana Comercial Novo recorde de exportao de carne bovina, de US$ 5,74 bilhes Crescimento de 12% na exportao de carne suna Valor Bruto de Produo de Gros de R$ 241,8 bilhes
Um dos maiores produtores de alimentos do mundo est ainda maior, com recordes que so fruto da parceria entre toda a cadeia produtiva e o Governo Federal. Em 2012, foi lanado o maior Plano Agrcola e Pecurio de todos os tempos, aprovado o novo Cdigo Florestal e iniciado o Projeto de Regionalizao do Ministrio da Agricultura, Pecuria e Abastecimento. Sinal de que em 2013 teremos ainda mais trabalho e novos recordes. O ano j comeou, e a Safra de Gros, por exemplo, vai chegar a 185 milhes de toneladas. Porque pas rico pas que produz pensando no futuro.
Produtor rural, ainda d tempo de garantir seu crdito. So mais de R$ 115 bilhes para custeio, comercializao e investimento.
agricultura.gov.br
Informaes:
sem as frutas? Eis uma questo emblemtica. Alimento bsico desde os primrdios, quando sequer haviam sido iniciados os primeiros cultivos agrcolas de subsistncia e nossos ancestrais, nmades, ainda se dedicavam a buscar na natureza o que esta disponibilizasse, elas nos suprem de vitaminas, fibras, sais minerais, calorias e de outros nutrientes essenciais ao bom funcionamento do organismo. Quanto mais frutas consumimos, e quanto maior a diversidade delas, mais saudveis seremos e mais nimo e disposio teremos. A exemplo do que a ingesto regular e variada de frutas proporciona a cada um de ns, o cultivo dessas espcies vitaliza e energiza uma comunidade, uma regio, um Pas. Basta visitar uma
de climas, de Norte a Sul, permitem a produo de praticamente todas as espcies comerciais hoje existentes no mundo, a fruticultura alavanca o progresso regional. Da Amaznia saem frutas nicas, que atiam a curiosidade e caem no gosto, lideradas, claro, pelo aa; do Nordeste, alm de algumas grandes vedetes nacionais, como o melo, a manga, a banana, o abacaxi e o caju, outras, de alcance regional, tm forte expresso cultural; do Sudeste, o maior polo brasileiro da fruticultura, no qual desponta o Estado de So Paulo, ao Centro-Oeste, em franca ascenso, e ao Sul, onde se concentram as temperadas, como ma e uva, as frutas cumprem papel econmico e social imensurvel. Em ciclos como o de 2012, quando o desempenho especfico de
algumas cadeias, como a da banana e da laranja, registra adversidades, sente-se muito rapidamente, em toda essa vasta e diversificada cadeia, a necessidade de ajustes, e de continuidade nos investimentos. As perspectivas para a fruticultura brasileira so excelentes, diante do incremento no consumo interno, e da demanda externa igualmente em elevao. Bem por isso, a pesquisa intensifica seus esforos para ampliar cada vez mais a produtividade dos pomares e a qualidade. Do sucesso deste setor todo mundo quer um pedao. Inclusive o leitor do Anurio Brasileiro da Fruticultura 2013, no mesmo? Para este leitor, assim como para cada indivduo, isso significa sade e qualidade de vida. Ento, hora de providenciar frutas na mesa. Aceita uma fatia? n
a world without fruits? It is really an emblematic question. Basic food since primordial times, when not even subsistence crops were grown, our ancestors, nomads, were still resorting to nature for their basic needs, the fruits were already providing the human beings with vitamins, fibers, mineral salts, calories and other nutrients essential for all body functions. The more fruit we eat, and the bigger the variety of fruits, the healthier we will be, and the more physical and moral strength we will have for all our needs. Just like the strength and vitality we
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derive from the regular ingestion of a variety of fruits, the cultivation of these species revitalizes and energizes an entire community, region or country. It is just a matter of visiting an agricultural frontier that specializes in the production and trade of some type of fruit to come to grips with what it represents in terms of self-esteem and fair distribution of income among the individuals; in short, development. In neighborhoods where people bet on the production of fruit, it does not take long for a chain of transformation to entail. While sales of fresh fruit are focused
A Bahia a o se segu gund ndo produt tor e o mai aior or exp xpor o ta tado dor r de fru ruta tas s do Bra rasi sil. si l. Al m da div iver ersi sida dade de fru rut t co cola la, la ,o estado ofe fere rece ce inc ncen enti t vos, rg gid dos con ontr trol oles es sanit tr rio ios, s, mer erca cado do int nter er rno em ex expa pans nso o e uma boa log ogs sti s tica ti ca para escoa ar a pr prod odu uo . Com es esse se cen enr rio io, , a Ba Bahi h a te hi tem m tu tudo do par ara a pr prod o uz od uzir ir e exp xpor orta tar r su suco cos s (i (int nteg e ra eg al e concentrado) o), , n nct ctar ares es, , polpas, do doce ces, s, sor orve vete tes, s, gel elei eias as e out utro ros s de deri riva vado va dos. do s. Ven e ha inv nves esti tir r na boa ter erra ra. ra .
Investing in fruit farming in Ba ahi hia. a. Eve a. very ryon ry one on e wa want nts nt s a ta tast ste e of it.
Bahia ranks second in fruit production n in n Bra razil z an and d firs firs irst t in in expo expo xports rts. rts . Besi esides des th the e dive diversi rsity ty of fru f its its, ,t the he sta tate te off fers in incen centiv tive, e, str rict sa sanit nitary nit ary controls, rising domestic demand and appro propri priate pri ate at te lo ogis g tic tics s for for pro produc du tio duc tion n flow flow. . In In such such a sce scenar nario, io, o Ba ahia is th the e righ right t choi choice ce for th he prod roduct uction uct ion and exports of juices (whole or concentrate), ne necta c rs, pu cta pulp, lp, ca lp candy ndy, ndy , ice icece-cre cream, am, je jelly lly an and d othe other r deri derivat vative va v s. s Do not n he hesit sitate ate to in inves vest t in this this prosperous state.
STATUS DO ESTADO NO RANKING NACIONAL DE PRODUO DE FRUTAS / BAHIAS CURRENT STATUS IN NATIONAL FRUIT PRODUCTION
1 produtor nacional de coco, manga, guaran, cacau, mamo, maracuj, pinha e graviola;
1st national producer of coconuts, mangos, guarana, cocoa, papaya, passion fruit, pine cones and graviola;
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Cadeias da fruticultura brasileira esto obtendo melhor rendimento por rea. Mas problemas pontuais de clima e mercado atrapalham o resultado
quando se fala em fruticultura. A organizao das cadeias produtivas faz com que determinadas espcies tenham conquistado mercados mundo a fora e consigam abastec-los com excelncia. Outros setores ainda buscam maior insero internacional, o que vem sendo ampliado a cada ano, com apoio de projetos como o Brazilian Fruit. Por outro lado, o consumo interno igualmente est aumentando, graas ao avano do poder aquisitivo de mais de 30 milhes de brasileiros. Mesmo em um cenrio no qual se lidam com aspectos difceis de combater, como as adversidades climticas, e outros que ainda merecem mais ateno, como problemas logsticos de armazenamento e de abastecimento, a produo de frutas tem alcanado bons resultados. Os ltimos dados oficiais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE), que se referem a 2011, mostram que houve aumento de 6,77% na colheita em relao a 2010, em uma cesta de 20 espcies acompanhadas pela estatal, atingindo quase 45 milhes de toneladas. Com dificuldades pontuais, justamente com as duas frutas de maior produo laranja e banana , que representam aproximadamente 60% do total, as estatsticas, ainda preliminares, mostram que deve haver retrao de aproximadamente 3% em 2012. Por outro lado, as pesquisas oficiais indicam que a rea cultivada com frutferas diminuiu em 0,26% em 2011, comparativamente ao ano anterior, sugerindo maior produtividade dos pomares. Naquele ano, os vrios cultivos ocupavam 2,234 milhes de hectares. A balana comercial da fruticultura tambm vem apresentando bom desempenho. Enquanto as exportaes de frutas frescas aumentaram 1,73% em 2012, as importaes tiveram queda de 6,91% em volume, sobre 2011. Um exemplo clssico est na ma, espcie na qual o Pas no autossuficiente, sendo dependente de boa parte da produo da Argentina, dos Estados Unidos e do Peru. Em 2012, a entrada da fruta estrangeira foi 40,02% menor. J as vendas externas subiram 48,47%, boa parte devido recuperao de mercado, em funo de aspectos climticos nas trs ltimas safras. As cadeias produtivas esto trabalhando individualmente para combater seus problemas e em conjunto, de olho no aumento da competitividade das espcies brasileiras. Um foco bem definido a chance de apresentar as caractersticas qualitativas das frutas nacionais ao mundo, dentro do prprio Brasil. O primeiro teste ser ainda em 2013, com a Copa das Confederaes, evento preparatrio Copa do Mundo de futebol, que acontecer em 2014. Se tudo der certo, quando a Olmpiada do Rio de Janeiro chegar, em 2016, o sabor das frutas nacionais j vai ter cado no agrado dos turistas estrangeiros. O lucro deve vir com o aumento das exportaes e com a organizao dos setores para poder suprir essa demanda. n
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Brazil acts as a front runner. The organization of the production chains is credited with markets conquered around the world, and with the timely deliveries to these markets. Other sectors are still seeking deeper international insertion, a move that has been expanding year after year, relying on support from projects like the Brazilian Fruit. On the other hand, internal consumption is equally soaring, thanks to the higher purchasing power of 30 million Brazilians. Even in a scenario where there are problems difficult to surmount, like climate adversities, and others that even require more attention, such as logistic problems, warehousing difficulties and supply, fruit farming has conquered good results. The latest official data released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), for 2011, show a 6.77-percent increase over the 2010 numbers, in a basket of 20 species supervised by the state corporation, amounting to almost 45 million tons.
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No Esprito Santo, fruticultura especialidade da casa. So 13 polos de frutas em 85 mil hectares de terra, que geram 60 mil empregos. Graas a muito trabalho, eficincia, responsabilidade e investimentos em tecnologia, alm de uma parceria entre Governo do Esprito Santo, prefeituras e instituies do setor, a atividade ocupa lugar de destaque na agropecuria capixaba. Entre as aes do Governo esto assistncia tcnica gratuita, o repasse de mudas, veculos, mquinas e equipamentos para uso coletivo do produtor, crdito financeiro e quatro unidades da Ceasa. O resultado uma produo de 1,3 milho de toneladas, que movimentou uma renda de R$700 milhes, em 2012. Essa receita, todo mundo vai querer provar.
Colheita brasileira de frutas, que em 2011 havia crescido quase 7%, em 2012 sofreu com os contratempos enfrentados por banana e laranja
Slvio vila
Quebra-MOLAS
brasileira de frutas foi ampliada em 22,49%. Os nmeros oficiais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE) mostram que em 2001 a colheita se situava em 36,699 milhes de toneladas, levando-se em conta as 20 principais espcies acompanhadas pelo rgo governamental. J em 2011, o resultado alcanado foi de 44,954 milhes de toneladas. A quantidade obtida em 2011 representa aumento de 6,77% sobre 2010. Nesse mesmo perodo, a rea cultivada com pomares recuou 0,26%, o que demonstra a melhoria nos ndices de produtividade. Os dados referentes a 2012, ainda preliminares, indicam que o desempenho no foi to bom quanto no ano anterior. Estima-se que houve recuo de 3% na produo. Grande parte desse resultado pode ser creditado ao ruim desempenho das duas principais frutas, que, juntas, representam 60% do total. A banana, mesmo com a ampliao nos pomares, sofreu por problemas climticos. J a laranja vem sendo impactada negativamente pela crise mundial no mercado de sucos, que se agravou nos
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ltimos 10 anos, e pela grande incidncia de doenas nas plantas, principalmente o greening. O presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), Moacyr Fernandes, lembra que os citricultores no tm feito investimentos, pois esto com dificuldades para ampliar a exportao de suco. A cada ano, novas bebidas so ofertadas, com preos menores, tirando o espao da fruta, avalia. J a ma tem sofrido com problemas climticos nas ltimas safras. No perodo 2011/12, as chuvas de granizo, ocorridas nos pomares do Sul do Brasil, em novembro de 2011 e em fevereiro de 2012, diminuram a quantidade obtida. No entanto, a qualidade verificada nas frutas melhorou, o que elevou a rentabilidade. Segundo dados da Associao Brasileira dos Produtores de Ma (ABPM), a produo em 2012 foi de 1,1 milho de toneladas. Outra fruta que tem sofrido contratempos o mamo. De acordo com o presidente do Ibraf, os pomares do Esprito Santo, principal Estado produtor, tm sido atingidos severamente pelo mosaico do mamoeiro, doena que reduz a quantidade e diminui a qualidade dos frutos. O combate tem sido difcil, constata Moacyr Fernandes. n
Speed bUMP
Brazilian fruit harvest, which in 2011 had increased by almost 7%, receded in 2012 because of setbacks experienced by oranges and bananas
Brazils fruit farming business increased by 22.49%. The official numbers from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) point to a harvest of 36.699 million tons in 2001, considering the 20 major species under the supervision of the federal organ. In 2011, the final result amounted to 44.954 million tons. The amount obtained in 2011 represents a rise of 6.77% over 2010. During the same period, the area devoted to orchards receded 0.26%, attesting to the better performance of the productivity rates. All data referring to 2012, still preliminary, indicate that the performance did not match the previous years levels. It is estimated that the volume was down 3%. A great part of this result could be blamed on the poor performance of the two major fruit species, which, together, account for 60% of the total. Despite orchard expansions, the banana crop was affected by climate-induced problems. With regard to oranges, this crop has been suffering from the global juice crisis, which got worse over the past 10 years, along with an array of pest outbreaks, particularly the greening disease. The president of the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), Moacyr Fernandes, recalls that orange growing farmers have practically stopped making investments, as a result of their difficulties in shipping their juices abroad. Year after year, new beverages are launched in the market, at lower prices, all taking a heavy toll on orange juices, he notes. Apple crops have also suffered from climate induced problems over the past crops. In the 2011/12 cycle, hailstorms in South Brazil, in November 2011 and in February 2012, reduced the size of the crop. Nevertheless, quality improved, thus bringing in higher revenue. According to data released by the Brazilian Association of Apple Farmers (ABPM), the 2012 crop amounted to 1.1 million tons. Papaya is just one more fruit that suffered setbacks. According to the president of Ibraf, the orchards in the state of Esprito Santo, leading producer in Brazil, have been severely hit by the papaya mosaic virus, causing reductions in quantity and affecting the quality of the fruits. The fight against the scourge has been difficult, concedes Moacyr Fernandes. n
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Do OiapoQue AO CHU
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Fruticultura desenvolvida em todas as regies brasileiras. A atividade responde pela gerao de cerca de 2,5 milhes de postos de trabalho
pode-se verificar que a fruticultura est presente em todos os estados. O Pas apresenta diversidade de espcies nica no mundo. E mesmo que ainda seja comum as pessoas cultivarem seus pomares domsticos, principalmente no interior do Pas, a atividade se consolida como uma das que mais gera empregos e renda dentro do agronegcio nacional. O presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, estima que o setor seja responsvel pela abertura de 2,5 milhes de vagas no mercado de trabalho. A necessidade de mo-de-obra muito grande, constata. Lembra que, na maior parte das fruteiras, a absoro maior de trabalhadores se concentra na colheita. o que acontece, por exemplo, com a ma, em Santa Catarina e no Rio Grande do Sul. comum encontrar nesses pomares pessoas que vm de outras regies, como o Nordeste e o Centro-Oeste. O que se percebe tambm, de acordo com Fernandes, que, com a tecnificao da atividade frutcola e com a modernizao dos packing houses, as exigncias quanto profissionalizao dos funcionrios aumentam. A evoluo da produo acaba colaborando para a qualificao dos trabalhadores, observa. Mais uma vez a ma serve como modelo. Segundo o presidente do Ibraf, a estrutura de beneficiamento da fruta de primeira linha. Ele cita ainda como bons exemplos a manga e a uva de mesa, que apresentam excelentes padres de qualidade, assim como algumas empresas que trabalham com laranja para consumo in natura. n
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Fbrica, Administrao e Vendas - Rua Otlia Zapellini, 56 - Lages / SC - Fone/Fax: (49) 3223 0641 - [email protected]
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2010 2011 17.479.716 19.186.649 5.236.187 5.401.625 2.473.796 2.778.620 2.572.497 2.690.450 1.604.862 1.656.800 1.490.507 1.567.826 1.588.162 1.529.837 1.292.113 1.392.855 1.288.896 1.374.645 1.277.302 1.270.095 1.167.368 1.176.776 812.244 861.191 858.038 854.672 764.178 759.792 556.857 673.832 282.938 385.202 220.692 219.196 211.713 216.991 204.723 209.275 185.578 186.064 142.721 155.300 109.848 114.024 90.378 93.682 67.602 69.896 59.230 59.520 29.399 35.017 34.804 34.345 42.102.347 44.954.176
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Map of Brazil, one realizes that fruit growing is spread across all Brazilian states. The Country boasts a globally unique diversity of species. Although back yard fruit growing is still common practice, particularly in the far away countryside, the activity has been consolidating as a relevant employment and income generator in Brazilian agribusiness. The president of the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, maintains that the sector is responsible for the generation of 2.5 employment opportunities. The need for labor is enormous, he notes. He recalls that in most fruit growing farms the need for labor is more intense at harvest time. This is exactly what happens at apple harvest time in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. These orchards normally attract temporary employees from other regions, like the Northeast and Center-West. What is also noticeable, Fernandes comments, is that fruit farming is getting more and more technology oriented, while the packing-houses are being upgraded, and such innovations call for professionally qualified employees. Production evolution ends up qualifying the workers, he observes. Once again apples set an example. The president of Ibraf understands that apple processing structures are first class. Other examples cited by him include fruits like mangoes and table grapes, with excellent quality standards, as well as some companies that deal with oranges for fresh consumption. n
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STATE OF SO PAULO, ALOnE, produCes More than 40% oF the nations Fresh Fruits
A TOUR THROUGH THE STATES Fruit growing as a commercial operation is spread across the Country. Furthermore, some states excel in this activity. So Paulo, alone, is responsible for more than 40% of the entire national fruit volumes. In 2011, when the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) released the latest data about the subject, a total of 19.186 million tons were harvested in that state, of a total of 44.954 million tons in the entire Country. Other states that also excel at fruit farming are Bahia, with 5.401 million tons; Rio Grande do Sul, with 2.778 million tons; Minas Gerais, with 2.690 million tons; Par, with 1.665 million tons; Paran, with 1.567 million tons; Santa Catarina, with 1.529 million tons; Pernambuco, with 1.392 million tons; Cear, with 1.374 million tons; Sergipe, with 1.27 million tons; and Esprito Santo, with 1.176 million tons. In general, the fruit belts have been on a steady path, throughout the various national frontiers, and no new belts have surfaced. The already established fruit farming operations are now going through a recovery period, seeking higher competitiveness for their fruit, says the president of Ibraf. He also mentions that new varieties have been making their way into non-traditional regions. It is the case of the apple, whose plantations in South Brazil comprised almost exclusively two cultivars: fuji and gala. Now we grow such cultivars as Eva, very common in So Paulo and in South Minas Gerais, he notes. Another innovation is research on seeded-fruit, like peaches, now underway at the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa), in So Paulo.
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CARDPIO reForado
Melhoria na renda inclui as frutas no cotidiano da populao brasileira, com consumo que j ultrapassa a 70 quilos por habitante ao ano
brasileira, a partir do Plano Real, implantado em meados da dcada de 1990, fez com que uma faixa estimada em mais de 30 milhes de pessoas viesse a conquistar poder de compra no Pas. Com o aumento de renda da chamada nova classe mdia, produtos antes proibitivos, ou mais dificilmente acessados, passaram a ser consumidos. Nessa lista esto as frutas, at ento consideradas artigos caros. O Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ) estima que em 2012 o consumo per capita de frutas chegou a 70,84 quilos/habitante/ano, num total de 13,743 milhes de toneladas. Apesar do crescimento, a utilizao diria de frutas na alimentao ainda est longe do recomendado pela Organizao Mundial de Sade (OMS), que de 100 quilos/habitante/ano, ou 400 gramas ao dia. Para chegar ao consumo per capita de 2012, o Ibraf levou em conta uma populao de 194 milhes de pessoas. O dado foi obtido a partir da anlise de produo, importao, exportao, produto destinado a indstria e perdas, calculadas em 40% do que foi disposto comercializao, ou 9,162 milhes de toneladas. Um breve olhar sobre a ltima Pesquisa de Oramentos Familiares (POF), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE), ilustra bem essa mudana. Os dados referem-se ao perodo entre 2002 e 2008, quando houve grande crescimento de consumo no Brasil, em funo do aumento da renda da populao. Conforme o relatrio, que inclui as 10 frutas mais adquiridas, o consumo per capita passou de 24,49 quilos/habitante/ano em 2002 para 28,86 quilos/habitante/ano em 2008. O estudo mostra que todas as regies brasileiras apresentaram aumento significativo, com destaque para o Centro-Oeste, onde a evoluo do agronegcio elevou o poder aquisitivo da populao. No entanto, os estados do Sul continuam sendo os que apresentam maior presena de frutas na alimentao das famlias. A anlise do IBGE evidencia ainda que a classe alta a grande consumidora de frutas no Brasil, com 50,27 quilos/habitante/ano em 2008. Na classe mdia, so demandados 31,4 quilos/habitante/ano; e na baixa, 17,3 quilos/habitante/ano. Na faixa mais carente da populao predomina a ingesto de banana, laranja e ma. As trs espcies tambm esto presentes na classe mdia, onde ainda tm representatividade o mamo e a tangerina. J na parcela mais rica, itens mais caros ganham espao, como melo, limo e uva. Para o presidente do Ibraf, Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, o consumo de frutas deve permanecer aquecido no mercado interno. O foco da entidade est voltado preparao de uma campanha visando a divulgao dos benefcios das frutas para segmentos especficos, como crianas e parturientes. Precisamos mobilizar os formadores de opinio, enfatiza, referindo-se a mdicos e nutricionistas. n
A estabilidade da economia
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ReinViGorated MEnU
Stronger purchasing power adds fruits to the daily diet of the Brazilian population, with consumption now reaching upwards of 70 kilos per person a year
economy, ever since the Real Plan was implemented in the mid-1990s, improved the economic conditions of a social class comprising some 30 million people, considerably increasing their purchasing power. With bigger income earned by the so-called new middle class, previously forbidden products, or very difficult to access, became part of their daily diet. The list of these products includes fruits, up to that time viewed as expensive. According to the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), per capita consumption of fruit in 2012 reached 70.84 kg/person/year, totaling 13.743 million tons. Despite this soaring consumption, the use of fruit in the daily diet is still lagging behind the recommendations by the World Health Organization ( WHO) of 100 kilos/ person/year, or 400 grams a day. Consumption per capita in 2012 was calculated by Ibraf, considering a population of 194 million people. The Institute took into consideration an analysis that included production, imports, exports, fruits destined to the industry and losses, calculated at 40% of all amounts available in the market, or 9.162 million tons. A brief look at the latest Family Budgets Survey (POF), in the Portuguese acronym), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), illustrates this change. All numbers refer to the 2002 2008 period, when consumption soared considerably throughout Brazil, by virtue of the improved purchasing power of the population.
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According to the report, which includes the 10 top-selling fruits, per capita consumption in Brazil rose from 24.49 kilos/ person/year in 2002 to 28.6 kilos/person/year in 2008. The study detected a significant increase throughout all Brazilian regions, especially in the Center-West, where the good agribusiness moment improved the purchasing power of the people, in general. Nonetheless, it is in the southern states that fruits are more significantly present in family diets. The IBGE analysis also shows that it is the upper class in Brazil that consumes the most fruit, with 50.27 kilos/person/year in 2008. Consumption by the middle class reaches 31.4 kilos/ person/year. In the lower classes, the most consumed fruits are bananas, oranges and apples. The three species are also popular with the middle class, where papayas and tangerines are also very representative. In the upper class, more expensive items, like melons, lemons and grapes, are popular. Ibraf president Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes understands that fruit consumption will continue in the domestic market. The entity is now engaged in the preparation of a campaign focused on giving publicity to the benefits of fruits to specific segments, like children and expectant mothers. Weve got to mobilize the opinion makers, he emphasizes, referring to doctors and nutritionists. n
43,598 milhes de toneladas 427,314 mil toneladas 693,020 mil toneladas 194 milhes de habitantes 20,692 milhes de toneladas 22,906 milhes de toneladas 9,162 milhes de toneladas 13,743 milhes de toneladas 78,84 quilos/habitante/ano
www.brasilglobalnet.gov.br
Informaes sobre 8.700 empresas exportadoras brasileiras; Dados sobre 2.700 produtos relacionados a comrcio exterior; Indicadores econmicos, tabelas e grficos sobre comrcio exterior; Mais de 300 feiras comerciais a serem realizadas no Brasil em 2011; Oportunidades de investimento em infraestrutura, energia, indstria
Ministrio das Relaes Exteriores Subsecretaria-Geral de Cooperao, Cultura e Promoo Comercial Departamento de Promoo Comercial e Investimentos
CURvA asCendente
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Exportaes brasileiras de frutas registraram crescimento de 1,73% em volume em 2012, com diminuio de 2,34% no resultado financeiro
brasileiras segue em curva ascendente. Em 2012, as exportaes registraram crescimento de 1,73% em volume em relao ao ano anterior, tendo sido embarcadas 693,020 mil toneladas. No entanto, os nmeros da Secretaria de Comrcio Exterior (Secex), rgo do Ministrio do Desenvolvimento, Indstria e Comrcio Exterior, indicam queda de 2,34% no faturamento, fechando em US$ 618,821 milhes. O campeo de vendas no perodo foi o melo, que teve incremento de 7,19% na quantidade, em relao ao ano anterior, chegando a 181,767 mil toneladas, ou 26,22% do total exportado. Em seguida aparecem a manga (0,45% a mais), a banana (recuo de 15,52%) e o limo (aumento de 9,56%). A ma, que foi o quinto item da cesta de exportaes, conseguiu recuperar as perdas dos ltimos trs anos e apresentou acrscimo de 48,47% nos embarques. O Brasil exporta frutas para 56 naes. Os Pases Baixos, mais costumeiramente chamados de Holanda, continuam sendo a grande porta de entrada dos produtos brasileiros na Europa. Para l foram destinados 39,28% do total embarcado em 2012, sendo ento distribudos em todo o continente. O mercado europeu absorve em torno de 85% das vendas brasileiras. Mas a tendncia que diminua o consumo, avalia o presidente do Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), Moacyr Fernandes. Diante dessa realidade, Fernandes defende que necessrio buscar mercados em crescimento, para suprir os que esto retrados. Em seu entender, a maior expanso das vendas deve ocorrer para Rssia e China. So pases que tm restries climticas e, por isso, no conseguem produzir o suficiente, destaca. Em 2012, foram exportadas para as duas naes 1,197 mil e 3,483 mil toneladas, respectivamente. O Leste Europeu tambm representa para o setor uma possibilidade de incremento dos negcios, assim como o Oriente Mdio. Moacyr Fernandes considera que, alm de buscar novos clientes, os exportadores devem cuidar para no perder os que j conquistaram. Cita como exemplos os Estados Unidos e o Canad, tradicionais compradores das frutas brasileiras. n
MELO, QUE REPRESEnTA Mais de uM Quarto das Vendas, teVe auMento de 7,19%
RESPONSABILIDADE O presidente do Ibraf, Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, considera que os exportadores devem ser responsveis por manterem os volumes vendidos. O lucro auferido depende do mercado. Muitas vezes, preciso oferecer as frutas por preo menor para continuar
colocando o produto, observa. o que est acontecendo com a uva de mesa, produzida no Vale do So Francisco. A produo no tem se mostrado competitiva e novos players, como o Peru, se apresentam com qualidade excelente, avalia. Conforme o presidente do Ibraf, as novas exigncias de mercado tambm precisam ser levadas em conta pelos fornecedores brasileiros de frutas. Alguns compradores comeam a questionar quanto se gasta de gua para produzir, quanto carbono liberado e o destino dos resduos, fazendo inclusive restries em caso de algum problema, enfatiza.
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MELOn SHIPMEnTS, WHICH REPRESEnT More than a Quarter oF all sales, Were up 7.19%
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Yield CURvE
Brazil fruit exports soared 1.73% in volume in 2012, but financial result shrank 2.34%
fruits continue to rise. In 2012, exports were up 1.73% in volume from the previous year, with total shipments amounting to 693.020 thousand tons. Nevertheless, the numbers released by the Brazilian Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex), an organ of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC), point to a 2.34% reduction in revenue, reaching US$ 618.821 million. The best selling fruit were melons, up 7.19% in quantity, from the previous year, totaling 181.767 thousand tons, or 26.22% of total exports. Then come mangoes (up 0.45%), bananas (down 15.52%) and limes (up 9.56%). Apples ranked fourth on the list of exports, but managed to recover the losses suffered over the past three years, with shipments abroad increasing by 48.47% in the shipments. Brazil exports fruits to upwards of 56 nations. The Netherlands, normally referred to as Holland, continues as the entrance gate of Brazilian fruits to Europe. It was the destination for 39.28% of all Brazilian fruit shipments in 2012, from where they are sent throughout the entire continent. The European market absorbs about 85% of all Brazilian fruit sales. Nevertheless, the trend is for consumption to shrink, argues the president of the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), Moacyr Fernandes. In light of this reality, Fernandes advocates the need for Brazil to work its way into developing markets, to make up for those on the decline. He understands that Russia and China are preferred targets for sales expansions. These countries are subject to climatic restrictions and, therefore, are not able to produce enough for their internal needs, he comments. In 2012, the two nations purchased 1.197 thousand and 3,483 thousand tons, respectively. Eastern Europe also represents more business opportunities for the sector, just like the Middle East. Moacyr Fernandes has it that, in addition to seeking new clients, exporters should take care not to lose the ones they have already conquered. As examples, he cites the United States and Canada, traditional importers of Brazilian fruit. n
RESPONSIBILITY The president of Ibraf, Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, maintains that the exporters should assume responsibility over the exported volumes. Profits depend on the market. Very often, there is need to sell the fruits at a lower price, if sales continuity is to be maintained, he observes.
This is what is happening with table grapes produced in Vale do So Francisco. Prices have not been competitive, paving the way for new players, like Peru, with grapes of excellent quality, he evaluates. According to the Ibraf president, new market requirements must also be considered
by all Brazilian fruit suppliers. Some buyers are even beginning to question the amount of water used during the growing stage, the amount of carbon that is released into the air, the disposal of the waste. And they are beginning to raise restrictions in case this kind of problems are detected, he warns.
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Se o Brasil comeou
O projeto atingiu todas as regies do Pas, com a realizao de reunies e workshops para a apresentao das aes a empresas e associaes. Jornalistas e compradores estrangeiros tambm estiveram no Brasil para conhecer os polos produtores de frutas e participar de rodadas de negcios. Os mais de 200 encontros resultaram em R$ 15 milhes de transaes comerciais concretizadas. Como j vem ocorrendo h vrios anos, o Brazilian Fruit esteve presente com estande em importantes feiras internacionais. A promoo das frutas e de seus derivados ocorreu na Fruit Attraction, na Espanha; na Fruit Logstica, na Alemanha; e na Gulfood, nos Emirados rabes. A participao nos eventos resultou no fechamento de US$ 13 milhes em negcios, com mais de trs mil contatos. A divulgao das frutas brasileiras no exterior foi feita tambm por meio de degustaes e outros eventos, com a presena de consumidores e formadores de opinio. Um deles foi o Brazilian Fruit Festival, em rede de supermercado da Alemanha. Outra ao importante aconteceu durante o salo da Film Brazil, projeto institucional de promoo da produo audiovisual brasileira, em Cannes, na Frana, que contou com a participao de mais de duas mil pessoas. n
AMAZON FLAVOURS
exterior. O projeto Amazon Flavours focado nas frutas da Amaznia. A mais reconhecida o aa; no entanto, a inteno popularizar outras das 120 variedades nativas da regio Norte. Conforme a gerente do Ibraf, Lucia-
na Pacheco, o projeto est comeando a ganhar flego, mas necessita do envolvimento maior das 12 empresas participantes. Costumamos trabalhar o Amazon Flavours junto com o Brazilian Fruit durante as feiras, enfatiza.
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Brazilian Fruit project promotes Brazilian fruit abroad during summer vacation and stages tasting sessions in supermarkets, with good results
A ConVinCinG FLAvOR
is definitely credited with Brazils initiative to start exporting fruits, because this project promotes our national fruit species abroad. Created in 1998, by the Brazilian Trade and Investments Promotion Agency (Apex-Brasil), jointly with the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), the agreement was renewed in October 2012, for another two years. The manager of the project, Luciana Pacheco, of Ibraf, explains that the work is being geared towards the demands requested by participating companies themselves. We started with fresh fruit and then progressed to processed fruits. Now we have already included dried fruits, she observes. According to her, there has been great interest in products identified with Brazil, like cashew nuts, aa, among others. Currently, the Brazilian Fruit project comprises 140 companies, of different sizes. We have exporting companies and companies that are beginning to search for markets, Luciana comments. The idea, she stresses, consists in gradually inserting new products into the project and, in the meantime, expand the number of clients to be visited.
The 2012 balance was quite positive for the Brazilian Fruit. The project has already reached every region across Brazil, through meetings and workshops for the introduction of the actions to companies and associations. Journalists and foreign buyers have also come to Brazil to learn more about the fruit producing belts and take part in business rounds. The upwards of 200 meetings resulted into business transactions amounting to R$ 15 million. For years now, the Brazilian Fruit has set up stands in important international fairs. The promotion of fruits and fruit derivatives took place at the Fruit Attraction, in Spain; at Fruit Logistics, in Germany; at Gulfood, in the Arab Emirates. The participation in events resulted into business deals reaching US$ 13 million, involving upwards of three thousand contacts. The publicity of Brazilian fruits abroad was also conducted through tasting sessions and other events, attracting consumers and opinion makers. One of them was the Brazilian Fruit Festival, in a supermarket chain in Germany. Another noteworthy initiative took place during the Film Brazil salon, an institutional project that promotes Brazilian audiovisual production, in Cannes, France, which attracted upwards of two thousand people. n
on Amazon fruits. The most popular is the aa; however, the intention is to make other fruits popular, too, from a universe of 120 different varieties native to the North. Ibraf manager Luciana Pacheco main-
tains that the project is beginning to take off, but calls for deeper involvement by the 12 participating companies. We normally work on the Amazon Flavors jointly with the Brazilian Fruit during summer vacation time, she notes.
Oitenta setores, entre eles a fruticultura, preparam estratgia para aumentar negcios durante os grandes eventos esportivos internacionais
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Em 2012, foi um dos destinos mais procurados pelos turistas de todo o mundo. E a tendncia que esse interesse aumente nos prximos anos. Isso porque a Nao vai sediar trs importantes eventos esportivos. Tudo comea em 2013, com a Copa das Confederaes, da Federao Internacional de Futebol (Fifa). No ano seguinte, modernos estdios iro receber os jogos da Copa do Mundo. E em 2016, o Rio de Janeiro ser palco da Olimpada. De olho nesse grande fluxo de visitantes, a Agncia Brasileira de Promoo de Exportaes e Investimentos (Apex-Brasil) ir por em prtica o Projeto Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014. A iniciativa envolve 80 entidades de vrios setores, entre eles o da fruticultura. As aes comeam a ser desenvolvidas durante a Copa das Confederaes, que acontece nas cidades de Braslia, Rio de Janeiro, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador e Belo Horizonte, entre 15 e 30 de junho de 2013. A agncia ir trazer ao Pas compradores internacionais e forma36
dores de opinies no perodo dos jogos e tambm durante todo o ano, em agendas programadas para fechamento de negcios. A expectativa que durante a Copa das Confederaes sejam mobilizados mais de 500 investidores estrangeiros; na Copa do Mundo, tende a ser o dobro. Essas aes devem agregar ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro cerca de R$ 183 milhes at 2019. O Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ) est participando do projeto da Apex-Brasil. Para o presidente da entidade, Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, necessrio que as aes sejam conduzidas com inteligncia, para que se reflitam em aumento do consumo e das exportaes dos produtos nacionais. um trabalho desafiante, porque o Brasil no possui essa expertise, avalia. Conforme Fernandes, em pases que recentemente realizaram eventos esportivos, foram feitos grandes investimentos, com excelente retorno. Os produtores de vinho da frica do Sul tornaram seu produto conhecido em funo da realizao da Copa do Mundo no pas, em 2010, exemplifica. n
Eighty sectors, including fruit farming, are leveraging the power of innovation to improve their businesses during the international sports events
moment. In 2012, the Country emerged as a most preferred destination of tourists from all over the world. And the trend is for this interest to keep soaring over the next years, once the nation is going to play host to three important sports events. Everything starts in 2013, with the Confederations Cup, staged by the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). And the following year, modern stadiums will be the venue for the World Cup. And in 2016, Rio de Janeiro will be the venue for the Olympic Games. With an eye towards the flood of visitors, the Brazilian Trade and Investments Promotion Agency (Apex-Brasil) will set the 2014 Fifa World Cup Project in motion. The initiative involves 80 entities from several sectors, including fruit growing. All actions are set to start during the Confederations Cup, which takes place in the following cities: Braslia, Rio de Janeiro, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador and Belo Horizonte, 15th through 30th June 2013.
The agency has decided to bring into the Country international buyers and opinion makers during the games and also all year round, with agendas scheduled for business rounds. The expectation for the Confederations Cup is to involve upwards of 500 foreign investors; and for the World Cup it is twice that number. These initiatives are estimated to add approximately R$ 183 million to the Gross Domestic Product by 2019. The Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ) has also joined the ApexBrasil Project. The president of the entity, Moacyr Saraiva Fernandes, understands that all these actions need to be conducted intelligently, if they are expected to reflect on higher consumption and soaring exports of our national products.It is a very challenging work, as Brazil lacks this expertise, he comments. According to Fernandes, in countries that recently staged sports events, huge investments were made, with excellent results. The wineries in South Africa took advantage of the 2010 World Cup and promoted their wines around the world, he exemplifies. n
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Altos e bAIXOS
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Dados do IBGE apontam para aumento de 4,7% na produo brasileira em 2012, mas a perspectiva de recuo em 2013, por causa do clima
com expectativa a confirmao das previses de produo referentes a 2012. Com base em dados da Produo Agrcola Municipal (PAM) e do Levantamento Sistemtico da Produo Agrcola (LSPA), fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE), o indicativo de que tenham sido colhidas 1.650.936.000 de frutas no perodo, com crescimento estimado em 4,7%. No ano anterior, a produo ficou em 1.576.972.000 frutos. De acordo com a economista urea Fabiana Apolinrio de Albuquerque, pesquisadora da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, de Cruz das Almas (BA), caso ratificados, os resultados podem ser atribudos a trs fatores: aumento no nvel mdio de preos pagos ao produtor desde 2010, melhoria e efetiva adoo por parte considervel dos produtores nas tecnologias de controle de pragas e doenas, e leve aumento no rendimento mdio. Entretanto, a perspectiva para 2013 de queda. Conforme a pesquisadora da Embrapa, municpios atingidos pela seca tiveram perda significativa de mudas. Em Itaberaba, na Bahia, sero necessrios dois ciclos de produo para recuperao total, avalia. De acordo com o LSPAIBGE, a previso de safra para 2013 de 1.580.795.000 frutos, decrscimo de 4,25% no comparativo com o estimado de 2012. Mesmo assim, outros municpios devem conseguir melhorar consideravelmente sua produtividade. A cidade de So Francisco de Itabapoana, no norte do Rio de Janeiro, que apresentou crescimento notvel em 2011 e passou a ocupar o segundo posto do ranking, no lugar de Itaberaba, tem perspectivas de continuar com boas safras. urea Albuquerque tambm destaca que o custo da mo-de-obra tem apresentado trajetria crescente nos ltimos anos, chegando ao pice em 2012. Confirmando-se a queda na produo, aliada ao aumento no custo da mo-de-obra, a tendncia de avano dos preos, a curto prazo, salienta a pesquisadora. Com boas perspectivas na relao custo/benefcio, haver estmulos ao incremento da rea cultivada em alguns polos produtores de abacaxi. Dados do IBGE mostram que em 2011 o ranking da produo da fruta no Brasil foi capitaneado pelo Estado da Paraba (276.250.000 frutos e 17,53%), seguido por Par (270.532.000 e 17,16%), Minas Gerais (228.703.000 e 14,5%), Bahia (140.254.000 e 8,89%), Rio de Janeiro (109.816.000 e 6,96%) e Rio Grande do Norte (107.796.000 e 6,84%). O Rio de Janeiro o Estado com o maior aumento de produo, com crescimento de aproximadamente 70% em relao ao ano anterior, passando da stima para a quinta colocao. n
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IBGE data points to an increase of 4.7% in the 2012 Brazilian crop, but the perspectives are for a smaller crop in 2013, due to weather conditions
anxiously waiting for the confirmation of the production volume estimated for 2012. Based on data released by the Municipal Agricultural Production Department (PAM) and on the Systematic Survey of Agricultural Production (LSPA), furnished by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) , indications point to a harvest of 1,650,936,000 fruits over the period, up approximately 4.7%. In the previous year, production remained at 1,576,972,000 fruits. According to economist urea Fabiana Apolinrio de Albuquerque, researcher with Embrapa Cassava and Fruit Farming, in Cruz das Almas (BA), if ratified, three factors could be credited with the results: higher average farm gate prices since 2010, improvement and effective adoption of pest and disease control technologies by a considerable number of farmers, and a slight increase in productivity rates. Nonetheless, the perspectives for 2013 point to a decline. According to Embrapa researcher, municipalities hit by drought conditions suffered huge losses of seedlings. In Itaberaba, Bahia, total recovery will require two normal production cycles, she comments. According to LSPAIBGE, the 2013 crop is estimated at 1,580,795,000 fruits, down 4.25% from the volume estimated for 2012. Even so, other municipalities are poised to recover almost entirely their productivity rates. The town of So Francisco de Itabapoana, on the north of Rio de Janeiro, which experienced a considerable increase in 2011 and began to occupy the second position in the ranking, replacing Itaberaba, is likely to continue harvesting good crops. urea Albuquerque also points to the rising trend of labor costs over the past years, reaching their peak in 2012. Should the reductions in production confirm, allied with the soaring labor costs, the trend is for higher
prices, in the short run, the researcher comments. With good perspectives with regard to cost/benefit variables, there will be incentive for bigger planted areas in some pineapple production hubs. According to data released by IBGE, in 2011, the frontrunner in the production of pineapples in Brazil was the state of Paraba (276,250,000 fruits and 17.53%), followed by Par (270,532,000 and 17.16%), Minas Gerais (228,703,000 and 14.5%), Bahia (140,254,000 and 8.89%), Rio de Janeiro (109,816,000 and 6.96%) and Rio Grande do Norte (107,796,000 and 6.84%). Rio de Janeiro is the State that increased its production the most, by approximately 70% compared to the previous year, jumping from the 7th to the 5th position. n
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Aa > aa
EnerGia PURA
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Amaznia aposta em novas cultivares e tecnologias para produzir aa at mesmo durante a entressafra e assim conseguir aumentar produtividade
dotada de propriedades como vitaminas e minerais, alm de ser excelente energtico, contribui robustamente para a economia na regio da Amaznia e est plenamente inserida na alimentao de sua populao. O aa deve seguir expandindo mercados no Brasil e no exterior. O Par mantm-se como o maior produtor do fruto. Segundo dados do Levantamento Sistemtico da Produo Agrcola (LSPA), fornecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE) e divulgados pela Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado (Sagri), at novembro de 2012 os municpios paraenses haviam atingido o total de 817.246 toneladas de aa em rea de 91.426 hectares (fruto plantado e manejado), com aumento de rea e produo em relao ao ano interior. A Sagri estima que o Par seja responsvel por algo entre 80% e 90% da produo nacional. Dados do IBGE, de 2011, indicam que, no extrativismo, os trs principais produtores foram Par (109.345 t), Amazonas (89.480 t) e Maranho (12.119 t). Para o engenheiro agrnomo Geraldo Chaser Tavares, da Sagri, do Par, a supremacia paraense pode ser atribuda ao aa plantado/manejado em larga escala, opo que no usada na mesma proporo em outros estados. Os resultados alcanados pelo Estado podem ser relacionados aos investimentos em pesquisa para novas cultivares, precoces e adaptadas terra firme, com alta produtividade. Do convnio firmado com a Embrapa Amaznia Oriental, surgiu a cultivar BRS Par, em 2004. Estima-se que at o final de 2013 seja realizado o lanamento de nova cultivar, que est em desenvolvimento e que possuir como principais caractersticas o maior rendimento de polpa e a produo no primeiro semestre, ou seja, na entressafra, conta Tavares. Desde 2008, conforme levantamento da secretaria, foram distribudas cerca de 19 toneladas de sementes selecionadas da cultivar BRS Par, que produziram, ao menos, 9 milhes de mudas. Provavelmente, este fomento, aliado perspectiva de bons negcios pela iniciativa privada, tenha incrementado a rea plantada. Assim, existe hoje no Estado projeto com 2.500 hectares plantados e com projeo para 4.000 hectares, analisa o agrnomo. n
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PURE enerGY
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Amazonas is betting on new cultivars and technologies for producing aa, even at off-season time, to further increase productivity
properties as vitamins and minerals, seen as energy food, is a real driving force behind the economy of the Amazon region and has become a staple in the daily diet of the population. The aa is poised to continue conquering markets at home and abroad. Par is the largest producer of the fruit. According to data from the Systematic Survey of Agricultural Production (LSPA), furnished by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and published by the State Secretariat of Agriculture (Sagri), up to November 2012, the municipalities in Par had harvested a total of 817,246 tons of aa from an area of 91,426 hectares (planted and cultivated fruit), with area and production increases compared to the previous year. Sagri sources believe that the state of Par accounts for something like 80% to 90% of the entire national production volumes. Data by the IBGE, from a 2011 survey, indicate that, as far as extractivism is concerned, the three leading producers were Par (109,119 t), Amazonas (89,480 t) and Maranho (12,119 t). Agronomic engineer Geraldo Chaser Tavares, of Sagri, state of Par, understands that the supremacy of the state of Par could be attributed to large-scale plantings and cultivations of aa, an option that is rather rare in other states. The results achieved by the State have also to do with the investments in research into new early cultivars, adapted to firm soil, and highly productive. The BRS Par cultivar results from an agreement signed with Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in 2004. The new cultivar is to be launched by the end of 2013. It is still under development, and its main traits will be a more substantial pulp,
and its growing stage during normal off-season time, that is to say, in the first half of the year, Tavares comments. Since 2008, according to as survey conducted by the secretariat, approximately 19 tons of selected seed of the BRS cultivar were distributed, and they produced a minimum of 9 million seedlings. It is likely that the seed distribution initiative, along with the perspective for good businesses by private initiative, has prompted the farmers to increase their planted areas. Within this context, the State is running a project so far covering a planted area of 2.5 thousand hectares, but projected to reach 4,000 hectare, the agronomist analyzes. n
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PuXando a FREnTE
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Uma das frutas mais acessveis e consumidas, a banana registrou 6,8 bilhes de toneladas no Brasil em 2012, com leve queda na produo
e acessveis aos consumidores teve sua colheita reduzida no Brasil em 2012. As vendas externas tambm encolheram em volume e receita. A produo diminuiu 3,63% no comparativo com 2011, conforme o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE): foi calculada em 6,846 bilhes de toneladas, contra as 7,104 bilhes de toneladas de 2011. A receita obtida neste ano foi de R$ 4.374.269,00. Os principais estados produtores foram So Paulo (1,193 bilho de toneladas), Bahia (1,053 bilho de toneladas), Santa Catarina (689,695 milhes de toneladas) e Minas Gerais (687,293 milhes de toneladas). A banana produzida em todas as regies do Brasil. O Nordeste respondeu pelo volume de 2,427 bilhes de toneladas, sendo seguido pelo Sudeste (2,276 bilhes de toneladas), pelo Sul (1,076 bilho de toneladas), pelo Norte (798,299 milhes de toneladas) e, por fim, pelo Centro-Oeste (267,544 milhes de toneladas). O plantio com bananeiras ocupou rea de 523.421 hectares em 2012, 1,76% acima do verificado pelo IBGE no ano anterior. A colheita envolveu 476.744 hectares, 2,48% abaixo dos 488.878 hectares registrados em 2011. A produtividade mdia tambm teve queda de 1,18%, passando das 14.533 quilos por hectare em 2011 para 14.361 quilos por hectare no ano seguinte. INOVAO Em fevereiro de 2013, produtores do municpio de Morrinhos do Sul (RS) adquiriram 16 mil mudas da bananeira BRS Platina, variedade do tipo prata. A bananeira resistente Sigatoka-amarela e ao mal-do-Panam, considerada uma das cinco mais destrutivas doenas de todos os tempos na agricultura mundial. A cultivar foi desenvolvida pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, de Cruz das Almas (BA). Para o pesquisador Edson Perito Amorim, responsvel pelo programa de melhoramento gentico de bananeira da Embrapa, a expectativa a melhor possvel. Este o incio da adoo da BRS Platina pelos agricultores, informa. Espera-se que, a mdio prazo, ela ocupe posio de destaque dentro do agronegcio da banana no Brasil, devido s suas qualidades de sabor, aroma e resistncia s doenas. n
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EMBARQUE REDUZIDO
2011. Os principais destinos da fruta foram Uruguai (24,399 mil toneladas), Argentina (16,891 mil toneladas), Alemanha (16,133 mil toneladas) e Reino Unido (10,492 mil toneladas). Ao todo, 18 pases importaram banana do Brasil em 2012. A reduo das exportaes est relacionada melhor distribuio da oferta brasileira, que torna o mercado interno mais favorvel, relataram os analistas de mercado Amanda Jssica da Silva e Ednal-
do Alexandre Borgato, na revista HortifrutiBrasil, de dezembro de 2012, publicao do Centro de Estudos Avanados em Economia Aplicada (Cepea), da Universidade de So Paulo (USP). Ainda apontaram que houve problemas relacionados logstica e greve de fiscais agropecurios, no caso do Mercosul. Para 2013, os analistas preveem que as exportaes sero relativamente firmes, devido ao cmbio favorvel e soluo em problemas de transporte.
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One of the most affordable and consumed fruits, the banana crop amounted to 6.8 billion tons in Brazil in 2012, volume down slightly from last year
decreased by 1.18%, falling from 14,533 kilos per hectare in 2011 to 14,361 kilos per hectare the following year.
available and affordable fruits was smaller in Brazil in 2012. Shipments abroad also shrank in volume and revenue. Production was down 3.63% from 2011, from figures released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), it reached 6.846 billion tons, compared to 7.104 billion tons in 2011. Revenue amounted to R$ 4,374,269.00. The leading banana producing states were So Paulo (1.193 billion tons), Bahia (1.053 billion tons), Santa Catarina (689.695 million tons) and Minas Gerais (687.293 million tons). Bananas are grown in all Brazilian regions. The Northeast accounted for a volume of 2.427 billion tons, and was followed by the Southeast (2.276 billion tons), the South (1.076 billion tons), the North (798.299 million tons) and, finally, by ABRANGENTE > CoMprehensiVe the Center-West (267.544 million tons). PRODUO BRASILEIRA DE BAnAnA An area of 523,421 hectares was devoted to bananas in 2012, up 1.76% from the Descrio 2011 2012 % numbers released by the IBGE in the previBrasil (toneladas) 7.104.661 6.846.611 -3,63 ous years. The crop was harvested from a rea plantada 514.366 523.421 1,76% planted area of 476,744 hectares, down rea colhida 488.878 476.744 -2,48 2.48% from the 488,878 hectares registered Produtividade (kg/ha) 14.533 14.361 -1,18 in 2011. Average productivity rates also Fonte: IBGE
INNOVATION In February 2013, farmers in the municipality of Morrinhos do Sul (RS) acquired 16 thousand banana tree seedlings of the BRS Platina cultivar, a silver banana variety. This plant is resistant to yellow Sigatoka and to the Panama disease, considered to be one of the five most destructive diseases in general global agriculture. The cultivar was developed by Embrapa Cassava and Floriculture, based in Cruz das Almas (BA). Embrapa researcher Edson Perito Amorim, responsible for the banana plant genetic enhancement program, refers to great expectations. The farmers are now beginning to plant the BRS Platina, he says. It is hoped that, in the medium term, it will climb to a prominent position in Brazils banana agribusiness, due to its superior flavor, excellent aroma and resistance to different diseases. n
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Diante da grande oferta de laranja, lideranas estimam que cerca de 30 a 40 milhes de caixas permanecero nos ps na temporada 2012/13
no foi suficiente para configurar cenrio de dar gosto no ciclo atual. Mesmo diante de nveis de produtividade e de qualidade satisfatrios, o setor enfrentou problemas relacionados grande oferta de frutas diante da reduo global na demanda de suco. Na temporada 2012/13, no Pas, maior produtor de laranjas e maior produtor e exportador de suco de laranja do mundo, devem ser produzidas 364 milhes de caixas de 40,8 kg, como apontam estimativas da Associao Nacional dos Exportadores de Sucos Ctricos (CitrusBR). O nmero, considerado positivo, em consequncia do clima favorvel, d continuidade aos bons ciclos. Na etapa 2011/12 foram registradas 428 milhes de caixas produzidas no Cinturo Citrcola do Brasil, que contempla o interior de So Paulo e o Tringulo Mineiro. Mesmo com bons nmeros de produo, o perodo deixou a desejar em determinados quesitos, como preos e comercializao. Entendemos que atravessamos a pior safra dos ltimos 40 anos na citricultura, afirma o presidente da Associao Brasileira de Citricultores (Associtrus), Flvio Viegas. Ele lembra ainda que o Estado de So Paulo, maior produtor mundial de laranjas, j colhia mais de 400 milhes de caixas de laranjas no final da dcada de 90. Desde ento, a produo caiu para nveis mdios abaixo de 340 milhes de caixas. Portanto, ao contrrio do que se tem divulgado, no estamos numa situao de super produo, nem de super safras, explica. Para a CitrusBR, no cenrio atual, o grande problema do setor basicamente a queda no consumo de suco de laranja nos principais mercados, Europa e Estados Unidos. S em solo americano a demanda recuou de 1 milho de toneladas para 800 mil toneladas por ano. Para a entidade, a reduo ocorre devido concorrncia com outras bebidas cercadas de grande apelo de marketing e voltadas a pblicos jovens, como energticos, power drinks, ice tea, e guas com sabores, entre outros. n
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Para o presidente da Associtrus, Flvio Viegas, se no houver ao decisiva das autoridades, o cenrio da prxima safra, apesar da queda de produo, ser uma repetio do que ocorreu no ciclo 2012/13. Ele salienta ainda que estudos do Departamento de Citros da Flrida projetam crescimento mdio de cerca de 3% ao ano na demanda de suco de laranja at 2030, o que pode beneficiar o Pas. O Brasil, no entanto, no foi o nico a enfrentar dificuldades. Na Flrida, segundo maior parque citrcola do mundo, os produtores tm enfrentado problemas com a incidncia de greening (doena mais temida pelos produtores de laranja) e com o clima. Em seu ltimo relatrio de oferta e demanda, o Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA) reduziu em 2,7% sua estimativa de produo de laranjas para 142 milhes de caixas, no Estado.
HORIZONTE
BITTERSWEET
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With a plentiful supply of oranges, leaderships reckon that about 30 to 40 million boxes of the fruit will remain unharvested in the 2012/13 season
Brazilian orange was not enough to configure an encouraging scenario for the current cycle. Although celebrating a successful crop, with satisfactory yields and quality, the sector has faced problems related to a huge crop in a year of shrinking global demand for orange juice. In the 2012/13 crop year, according to the National Association of Citrus Juice Exporters (CitrusBR), Brazil, the leading orange producer and largest orange juice exporter in the world, is expected to produce 364 million 40.8 kilo boxes of the fruit. The number, viewed as positive, resulting from favorable climate conditions, represents a continuity of the good cycles. In the 2011/12 season 428 million boxes were harvested in the Countrys Citrus Belt, which comprises the interior of So Paulo and Tringulo Mineiro. Despite the good production figures, the season lagged behind with regard to certain requisites, like prices and sales. We understand that we are going through the worst citrus crop year in the past 40 years, says the president of the Brazilian Citrus Growers
Association (Associtrus), Flvio Viegas. He also recalls that the State of So Paulo, biggest orange producer in the world, used to harvest upwards of 400 million boxes of oranges in the late 1990s. Since then, production has fallen to average levels of less than 340 million boxes. Therefore, contrary to what has been published, we are not facing a bumper crop, nor are we harvesting excessively big crops, he explains. CitrusBR sources maintain that in the current scenario the real problems lies in the shrinking consumption of orange juice in major markets, like Europe and the United States. In North-America alone, demand shrank from 1 million tons to 800 thousand tons a year. The entity understands that the reduction has to do with tight competition from other beverages, surrounded by strong marketing allure and appealing to the young people. These beverages include energy drinks, power drinks, ice tea, flavored waters, and others. . n
BRAZILS CURREnT ORAnGE CROP SHOULD YIELD 364 MILLIOn boXes oF the Citrus
TURNED SOUR In the current scenario, what was supposed to be cause for celebration turned into a problem for Brazilian orange growers. Plentiful supplies of the fruit turned into a problem, where shrinking demand for orange juice in the global market is to blame. Brazilian global stocks reached the considerable amount of 662 million tons, an all-time record, with a huge portion of this production remaining unsold. As a result, the capacity of the processing
companies reached its limit and, consequently, big amounts of oranges were left on the trees. According to CitrusBR, estimates are for 30 to 40 million boxes of oranges to remain on the trees in the 2012/13 crop year. In light of the obstacles, farmers and processors called on the government for mitigating the problem. The measures enacted by the government include a Special Credit Line (LEC) for the crop. It determines that part of the juice stocks should not be sold, with the aim to keep prices at reasonable levels. Furthermore, through the National Supply Company (Conab), the government created such mechanisms as public auctions for the purchase of oranges, along with the Equalizing Premium Paid to Growers (PEPRO) and the Premium for Product Outflow (PEP). Such measures did not solve the problem, but mitigated it, as official estimates were pointing to 80 million boxes of oranges likely to remain unharvested, say CitrusBR sources.
Associtrus president Flvio Viegas understands that if no decisive action is taken by the government, the scenario of the next crop, despite the smaller production volume, will be a repeat of what occurred in the 2012/13 crop year. He also mentions studies by the Florida Citrus Department that project a 3-percent increase a year in demand for orange juice until 2030, which could benefit the country. Brazil was not the only country to face difficulties. In Florida, second largest citrus belt in the world, the growers have been facing problems related to outbreaks of the greening disease (deadly disease much feared by orange farmers) and by adverse climate conditions. In its latest offer and demand report, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reduced by 2.7% its orange crop projections, to 142 million boxes, in the State.
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HORIZON
MEIO espreMido
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Aps um ano de dificuldades e preos baixos, a cadeia produtiva do limo aposta no verde da esperana para colher boas notcias em 2013
nacional foi azedo. O segundo maior produtor do tipo tahiti o primeiro no ranking o Mxico viu seus pequenos frutos permanecerem nos pomares, dia aps dia. A baixa demanda, diante da oferta elevada, ainda comprometeu a qualidade da fruta. Segundo o presidente da Associao Brasileira dos Produtores e Exportadores de Limo (Abpel), Waldyr Promicia, nos ltimos anos a safra de So Paulo, Estado lder em produo, se manteve estvel. A qualidade, no entanto, foi comprometida devido ausncia da indstria durante a safra. Por isso, o produtor no teve como escoar o produto, deixando o limo no p, e esperando melhores preos para os meses seguintes, afirma. O ciclo, que se manteve at meados de agosto, consequentemente comprometeu a rentabilidade dos produtores. De acordo com especialistas, o incremento significativo da produo de laranja em So Paulo, a crise econmica na Europa e as restries dos Estados Unidos ao produto brasileiro, por causa do uso do Carbendazim, agrotxico proibido naquele pas, ocasionaram o aumento da oferta do limo no mercado. Esses fatores tambm fizeram com que parte da produo, antes destinada ao exterior, permanecesse no mercado interno, derrubando os preos da fruta. Para 2013, contudo, a expectativa de que ocorra valorizao. A indstria j est comprando limo da safra. Caso eles continuem at o fim, adquirindo boa parte, o ano pode ser bem melhor, salienta Waldyr. MAIS DOCE Mesmo em um cenrio de dificuldades, o segmento do limo brasileiro foi palco de boas novas. Enquanto So Paulo se mantm como principal produtor, outras regies do Pas comeam a se destacar dentro da cadeia produtiva. o caso de Jaba, em Minas Gerais. Apesar de no ter os nmeros oficiais, Waldyr Promicia, da Abpel, afirma que o crescimento bastante expressivo. De olho no mercado europeu, somente na regio do Jaba os mineiros produzem, por ano, 60 mil toneladas em rea mdia de 3,5 mil hectares. As estimativas apontam para 5 mil hectares nos prximos dois anos, com aumento de 42%. Enquanto a rea cresce, os fruticultores tambm investem na melhoria da qualidade. Hoje, apenas 25% dos limes produzidos esto dentro do padro de exportao, mas necessrio que o ndice seja ampliado para 50% a fim de que a atividade gere lucro considervel. n
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After a year of difficulties and low prices, the lime supply chain bets on the green color of hope to reap good news in 2013
SEMI-sQueeZed
Brazilian limes. The second largest producer of Tahiti limes Mexico ranks first witnessed the small fruits left un-harvested and going bad in the orchards. Low demand in light of huge supply also jeopardized the quality of the fruits. According to the president of the Brazilian Association of Lime Producers and Exporters (Abpel), Waldyr Promicia, over the past years, the crop in So Paulo, leader in production, kept stable. The quality, nonetheless, was adversely affected because the industry did not purchase the crop. This made it impossible for the farmers to deliver their fruits, which remained on the trees, hoping for better prices the following months, he says. The cycle remained unchanged until midAugust, and seriously affected the profits of the farmers. According to specialists, the significant increase in the production of oranges in So Paulo, the economic crisis in Europe and the restrictions imposed by the United States on Brazilian citrus, because of the application of pesticide Carbendazim, banned in that country, triggered bigger supplies of limes in the market. These factors were also responsible for keeping in the domestic market the limes previously destined for abroad, making internal prices plummet. For 2013, there is expectation for the fruit to recover its value. The industries have already started buying limes of this crop. If the trend holds true until the end of the season, with the industries purchasing hefty portions, the year could turn out much better, Waldyr stresses MUCH SWEETER Although facing a scenario laden with difficulties, the Brazilian lime segment got good news. While So Paulo is still the leading producer, other regions in Brazil are beginning to join the supply chain. It is the case of Jaba, in Minas Gerais.
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Although not in possession of official numbers, Waldyr Promicia, of Abpel, refers to expressive progress in the area. With an eye towards the European market, in the Jaba region alone, the farmers harvest 60 thousand tons a year from a planted area of 3.5 thousand hectares. Estimates are pointing to 5 thousand hectares over the next 2 years, representing an increase of 42%. While the planted areas continue on an upward trend, the farmers are investing in quality enhancement programs. Currently, only 25% of all limes produced in Brazil comply with export standards, and there is need to expand this rate to 50%, if the activity is to generate good profits. n
rea (ha) Volume (t) 28.900 853.138 4.009 76.694 3.094 59.700 1.462 20.408 1.158 20.261 1.600 19.635 825 13.152 554 12.120 850 10.594 1.187 8.949 47.528 1.126.736
MarCou POCA
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Ma brasileira foi favorecida pelo clima em 2012, alcanando excelente qualidade, o que assegurou boa receptividade nos mercados
foram determinantes para os pomares de ma do Brasil em 2012. Na maior parte do tempo de desenvolvimento da fruta, o clima colaborou e favoreceu a qualidade das mas, possibilitando melhor rentabilidade para o fruticultor. No entanto, as macieiras dos estados de Santa Catarina (SC) e do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), onde a pomicultura nacional est especialmente concentrada, foram atingidas pelo granizo, que acabou afetando o volume total. A produo do ciclo 2011/12 foi de 1,1 milho de toneladas, resultado 3% menor do que o obtido no perodo anterior, conforme a Associao Brasileira dos Produtores de Ma (ABPM), sediada em Fraiburgo (SC). O rendimento foi menor, porm com quantidade maior de frutas mais valorizadas, como a de categoria 1, que permite at dois defeitos por ma. Este diferencial contribuiu para a recuperao do setor no ciclo 2011/12. A qualidade tambm assegurou que a oferta da variedade gala fosse estendida por cerca de dois meses em 2012. Parte das empresas ainda contava com volume desta fruta para venda em dezembro de 2012. Os preos se mantiveram acima dos registrados em 2011. De janeiro a novembro de 2012, a valorizao da gala grada Categoria 1 foi em mdia 19% superior ao praticado no mesmo perodo de 2011. Nmero diferente do da ABPM sobre a produo de ma foi apontado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatsticas (IBGE). Em 2012, segundo o rgo pblico, a produo teria chegado a 1,338 milho de toneladas, mantendo-se praticamente no mesmo nvel de 2011, com 775 toneladas a menos. A receita em 2011 foi de R$ 851,729 milhes. Para 2013, o IBGE estimou em janeiro aumento de 2,79% no volume. A colheita da ma gala ocorre nos meses de fevereiro e maro. Em abril e maio so colhidas as mas fuji. n
As condies climticas
2011 2012 % 36.059.461 48.559.505 34,67 48.666.209 72.252.803 48,47 84.487.047 60.853.791 -27,97 96.564.845 57.919.741 -40,02
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O mercado internacional foi bem mais promissor para o setor macieiro do Brasil em 2012. Um total de 72,252 mil toneladas da fruta fresca rumou ao exterior, segundo a Secretaria de Comrcio Exterior (Secex), do Ministrio do Desenvolvimento, Indstria e Comrcio Exterior. O volume foi 48,47% superior quantia de 48,666 mil toneladas negociadas em 2011. A receita foi de US$ 48,559 milhes FOB em 2012, 34,67% a mais do que os US$ 36,059 milhes FOB obtidos em 2011. Os resultados positivos foram favorecidos pela boa qualidade da fruta nacional e pelos baixos estoques europeus de gala e de fuji. As exportaes brasileiras so mais concentradas no primeiro semestre do ano, uma vez que a safra dos pases do Hemisfrio Norte, principais importadores, se inicia no segundo semestre. No exterior, o Pas enfrenta a concorrncia de naes como Chile, Argentina, frica do Sul e Nova Zelndia, que esto entre os maiores produtores da fruta do mundo. Em 2004, por exemplo, o Brasil chegou a exportar 150 mil toneladas de mas. As importaes diminuram em 2012 em relao ao ano anterior. Mas o valor pago ao volume importado ainda foi superior receita obtida com as exportaes. As compras externas totalizaram 57,919 mil toneladas em 2012, significando 40,02% a menos do que o volume de 96,564 mil toneladas comprado no ano anterior. J o valor gasto para a importao de mas em 2012 foi de US$ 60,853 milhes FOB, registrando reduo de 27,97% sobre o ano antecedente, quando foi na ordem de US$ 84,487 milhes FOB. Para 2013, os desempenhos das exportaes e das importaes brasileiras ainda eram de difcil estimativa em fevereiro deste mesmo ano, mas os embarques poderiam ser favorecidos pela queda nos estoques europeus.
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MERCADO FAVORVEL
A REAL Milestone
Brazilian apple crop took advantage of the climate in 2012, excelling in quality, resulting into great acceptance in the market
determining factor for the good performance of the Brazilian apple orchards in 2012. During almost the entire development stage of the fruit, weather conditions were favorable and were also responsible for the good quality of the apples, resulting into higher profits for the farmers. Nevertheless, the Apple trees in the states of Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), where Brazilian apple orchards are particularly concentrated, were hit by hailstorms and suffered reductions in their final volumes. The 2011/12 cycle reached 1.1 million tons, down 3% from the
previous period, according to the Brazilian Association of Apple Growers (ABPM), based in Fraiburgo (SC). Productivity rates were smaller, but with a bigger amount of highly valued fruits, especially the ones that fit into category 1, which tolerate up to two flaws per fruit. This made a difference in the recovery of the sector in the 2011/12 crop year. Quality was also responsible for extending the sales period of the gala variety for two months in 2012. Some of the companies had still volumes of the fruit available for sale in December 2012. Prices were better than in 2011. January through November 2012, for the big gala, Category 1, prices were up 19%, on average, from the same period in 2011. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), nonetheless, released different numbers regarding the Apple crop. In 2012, according to the federal organ, the size of the crop was supposed to have reached 1.338 million tons, practically on a par with the volume in 2011, down 775 tons only. Revenue in 2011 amounted to R$ 851.729 million. For 2013, estimates released by the IBGE in early January point to a 2.79-percent increase in volume. Gala apples are harvested in February and March, whilst fuji apples are picked in April and May. n
The international market was much more promising for the Brazilian apple sector in 2012. Shipments abroad amounted to 72.252 thousand tons of fresh fruit, according to Brazilian Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex), a division of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC). The volume was up 48.47% from the 48.666 thousand tons negotiated in 2011. Revenue amounted to US$ 48.559 million FOB in 2012, up 34.67% from the US$ 36.059 million FOB obtained in 2011. The positive results were favored by the good quality of the national fruit and by the low stocks of European gala and fuji apples. Brazilian apple shipments abroad are normally concentrated over the first half of the year, once the apple season in the Northern Hemisphere countries, major importers, starts in the second half of the year. In the international market, Brazil faces competition from countries like Chile, Argentina, South Africa and New Zealand, which are among the biggest producers of the fruit in the world. In 2004, for example, Brazil exported 150 thousand tons of apples. Imports were down in 2012 compared to the previous year, but the value paid for the imported volumes still outstripped the amount of revenue derived from exports. Foreign purchases totaled 57.919 thousand tons in 2012, down 40.02% from the volume of 96.564 thousand tons purchased the previous year. Values spent on apple imports in 2012 reached US$ 60.853 million FOB, registering a reduction of 27.97% over the previous year, when it was US$ 84.487 million FOB. For 2013, the performance of both Brazilian exports and imports were still difficult to predict in February this year, but shipments could take advantage of the lower European stocks.
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FAVORABLE MARKET
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Decrscimo na oferta de mamo registrado em 2012 motivou grande elevao nos preos do produto no mercado domstico
segundo maior produtor mundial, aps a ndia, que produz mais de 4 milhes de toneladas, apresenta reduo nos ltimos dois anos, mas deve voltar a crescer em 2013. Problemas econmicos e climticos tiveram interferncia no setor desde 2010, levando diminuio na colheita brasileira, que passou de 1,87 para 1,85 milho de toneladas em 2011 e caiu mais ainda em 2012. De acordo com pesquisa da HortifrutiBrasil, do Centro de Estudos Avanados em Economia Aplicada (Cepea), da Universidade de So Paulo (USP), feita em dezembro junto s principais regies produtoras, a rea recuou mais de 9% em 2012 e at 20% no Estado lder, a Bahia. A analista de mercado Karina Yukie Shinoda, da equipe HortifrutiBrasil, observa que a remunerao menor obtida em 2010 e em 2011 descapitalizou os produtores e os levou a reduzir o cultivo. Com isso, a oferta do produto diminuiu e as cotaes se elevaram, especialmente do tipo Hava, que em maro de 2012 apresentou o maior preo mdio j alcanado no Sul da Bahia, de R$ 2,13/kg, em valores nominais. Tambm no segundo Estado com maior produo, e primeiro na exportao, o Esprito Santo, foi registrado grande salto nos preos do mamo Formosa, superior a 53% nos 11 primeiros meses de 2012 em relao ao mesmo perodo anterior. J em 2011, o ltimo levantamento oficial do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE) mostra pequena reduo no volume obtido, embora ainda apresente maior rea. Do total de 1,85 milho de toneladas produzido no Pas, a Bahia respondeu por 928 mil toneladas, o Esprito Santo obteve 560 mil toneladas e o Cear produziu 112 mil toneladas. Entre os estados produtores tambm aparecem com nmeros significativos o Rio Grande do Norte, com 69 mil toneladas; e Minas Gerais, com 45 mil toneladas. Ainda em 2012, perdas foram verificadas devido ao vrus do Mosaico nas principais reas produtoras. O controle das viroses na cultura, inclusive, est motivando a assinatura de termo de cooperao tcnica entre a Associao Brasileira de Produtores e Exportadores de Papaya (Brapex) e os rgos fiscalizadores estaduais. Esto se integrando no projeto a Agncia Estadual de Defesa Agropecuria da Bahia (Abad), o Instituto de Defesa Agropecuria e Florestal do Esprito Santo (Idaf ) e o Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuria (Ima). Quanto s vendas externas de mamo, com menor oferta de produo em 2012, houve reduo no total destinado pelo Brasil a outros pases. A exportao diminuiu 9,3% em volume, ficando em 26,1 mil toneladas (12,4 mil toneladas do Esprito Santo); e 6,50% em valor, que alcanou US$ 36,3 milhes. Aos produtores mostrou-se mais rentvel e interessante a colocao no mercado domstico, nesta temporada, observa Rodrigo Martins, presidente da Brapex. n
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Dwindling papaya supplies in 2012 made prices skyrocket in the domestic market
second largest producer in the world, coming only after India, where production reaches 4 million tons a year, have been dropping over the two past years, but are expected to soar again in 2013. Economic and climate related problems have been interfering with the sector since 2010, resulting into a smaller Brazilian crop, which shrank from 1.87 million tons to 1.85 million in 2011, and further dropped in 2012. According to a survey conducted by HortifrutiBrasil, of the Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics (Cepea), a division of the University of So Paulo (USP), in December, covering all major producing regions, the planted area receded by 9% in 2012, and by up to 20% in Bahia, leading producer. Market analyst Karina Yukie Shinoda, a member of the HortifrutiBrasil team, observes that the lower remuneration in 2010 and 2011 induced the cash-strapped farmers to reduce their planted areas even further. This resulted into smaller supplies and higher prices, a fact that is particularly true for the Hava type, which in March 2012 reached the highest average price ever fetched in South Bahia, R$ 2.13/kg, in nominal values. Equally in the State of Esprito Santo, second largest producer and leader in exports, the Formosa type papaya registered a 53-percent price increase over the first 11 months in 2012, compared to the same period in the previous cycle. In 2011, the latest survey by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) shows a minor reduction in volume, al-
Ano Exportao (kg) (US$) 2011 28.822.524 38.887.743 2012 26.130.743 36.358.922
Fonte: Secex/Aliceweb-Ibraf
though the planted area continues bigger. Of the total of 1.85 million tons produced in Brazil, Bahia accounted for 928 thousand tons, Esprito Santo produced 560 thousand tons and the State of Cear, 112 thousand tons. Among the papaya producing states, other significant players include Rio Grande do Norte, with 69 thousand tons; and Minas Gerais, with 45 thousand tons. In 2012, losses are blamed on Mosaic virus outbreaks in most production regions. The control of this virus disease on the crop has led to a technical cooperation agreement between the Brazilian Association of Papaya Producers and Exporters (Brapex) and state inspection organs. The following organs have joined the project: Bahia State Agricultural Defense Agency (Abad), Esprito Santo State Forest and Agriculture Defense Institute (Idaf ) and the Minas Gerais State Agriculture Institute (Ima). With regard to foreign papaya sales, due to the smaller production volumes in 2012, there was a reduction in shipments to other countries. Exports were down 9% in volume, remaining at 26.1 thousand tons (12.4 thousand tons from Esprito Santo); and 6.50% in value, which amounted to US$ 36.3 million. For the papaya farmers the domestic market was more profitable and more attractive during this cycle, observes Rodrigo Martins, president of Brapex. n
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Comercializao de manga supera expectativas e garante a maior receita nas exportaes de fruta. Mercado dever seguir firme em 2013
de manga, o polo produtivo do Vale do So Francisco tem razes para comemorar os resultados de 2012: apesar da queda de 2,4% no faturamento das exportaes, divulgada pelo Ministrio de Desenvolvimento, Indstria e Comrcio Exterior (MDIC), no se confirmou a expectativa inicial de forte retrao nas vendas. Os preos foram bons, pela relao cambial, e os embarques aumentaram. Esperava-se queda acentuada em volume e receita, em virtude da crise europeia, revela o economista Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, da Embrapa Semi rido, de Petrolina (PE). Problemas sanitrios no Mxico ajudaram a aumentar a demanda pela fruta brasileira. E, com quebras produtivas nos grandes polos, por estiagem, e aumento da demanda, o mercado interno valorizou a manga. Alguns produtores deixaram de exportar para trabalhar s com o mercado domstico, afirma o economista. Em 2012, o Brasil exportou 127 mil toneladas de manga, ou US$ 237,6 milhes. Um ano antes, em 2011, os embarques alcanaram 126 mil toneladas e US$ 141 milhes. Os custos e os riscos em exportar so maiores. H produtor que recebe o dinheiro somente quatro meses aps o envio da carga, e fica sem saber se o preo pago cobrir seus custos, aumentados em funo da alta do frete em 2012. Na venda interna, o comprador pega a fruta na propriedade, paga um valor atraente e o dinheiro chega rapidamente ao bolso do fruticultor. Neste cenrio, o desafio encontrar o equilbrio para atender demanda domstica e manter os mercados internacionais, e ambos com preos atrativos, diz o economista Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, da Embrapa. MAIORES PRODUTORES A analista do mercado de manga Ana Beatriz Fernandes Barboza, do Centro de Estudos Avanados em Economia Aplicada (Cepea/USP), aponta a reduo de 5% da rea nos quatro grandes polos que representam 100% das exportaes nacionais e 80% do abastecimento interno. So eles: Vale do So Francisco, Livramento de Nossa Senhora e Dom Baslio (BA), Morro Alto e Taquaritinga (SP) e Jaba e Janaba (MG). Nestas regies, a estiagem reduziu a produtividade e o calibre das frutas. O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE) recm divulgou os nmeros totais referentes a 2011, que indicam a produo nacional de 1.249.521 toneladas, em 76.391 hectares. O Cepea aponta rea de produo de 48.452 hectares nos quatro grandes polos em 2012, e queda de 5% sobre os 51.010 hectares de 2011. O Vale do So Francisco cresceu 2,9% e o polo paulista, 1,1%. Enquanto isso, houve retrao de 18,8% em Livramento de Nossa Senhora, na Bahia, e 5,7% no Norte de Minas Gerais. n
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Em 2013, mantido o cenrio do incio do ano, a expectativa dos mangicultores de estabilidade na rea cultivada nos principais polos e tambm nos preos e nos volumes de comercializao. A diferena que a rea reduzida na regio baiana de Livramento de Nossa Senhora e de So Baslio dever ser compensada pela ampliao dos pomares nas demais regies, como o Norte de Minas Gerais, o Vale do So Francisco, em Pernambuco e na Bahia; e Taquaritinga, em So Paulo. E o mercado domstico brasileiro deve consolidar sua expanso na demanda por frutas tipo exportao. O comportamento das exportaes depender muito de trs fatores: o cmbio, que comea 2013 em situao menos atrativa do que em 2012; a crise econmica no bloco europeu e o comportamento de nossos concorrentes, enfatiza o economista Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, da Embrapa Semi rido, de Petrolina (PE). De maneira geral, so esperados preos similares aos atuais e a exportao de volumes tambm muito parecidos. A preocupao maior do setor, segundo o analista, o combate mosca-das-frutas, praga que afeta o Vale do So Francisco e exige maior ateno. A janela de exportao comea em agosto e vai at a ltima semana de outubro, quando o Brasil aproveita a entressafra de outras regies.
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MaKinG PROFITS
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Mango sales exceed expectations and exporters reap record income. Market likely to continue steady throughout 2013
mango exports, the Vale do So Francisco mango belt has reasons to celebrate the results of 2012: in spite of the 2.4-percent drop in revenue from exports, disclosed by the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC), the initial forecast for steep reductions in sales did not materialize. Prices were good, with regard to the exchange rate, and shipments were up in volume. Steep reductions in volume and revenue had been expected in light of the European financial crisis, says economist Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, of Embrapa Semiarid, based in Petrolina (PE). Phytosanitary problems in Mexico were a factor in the rising demand for the Brazilian fruit. And, as a result of crop frustrations in big belts, due to drought conditions, and rising demand, the domestic market began to pay more for the fruit. Some farmers left exports aside and began to deal only with the domestic market, the economist comments. In 2012, Brazil exported 127 thousand tons of mangoes, worth US$ 237.6 million. A year before, in 2011, shipments amounted to 126 thousand tons and US$ 141 million. Exports normally generate huge costs and risks. Some mango farmers receive the money four of five months after the shipment, and do not even know if it will cover the production costs, very high in 2012 because of ever-increasing transportation costs. In domestic sales, buyers go to the farms, pay attractive prices and the money reaches the farmers pockets immediately. In such
a scenario, the challenge consists in finding a balance between domestic sales and demand from abroad, both with attractive prices, says Embrapa economist Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima. LEADING PRODUCERS Mango market analyst Ana Beatriz Fernandes Barboza, of the Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics (Cepea/USP), points to a 5-percent reduction in planted area in the four major mango belts, which account for 100% of all national exports and for 80% of all domestic supplies. They are as follows: Vale do So Francisco, Livramento de Nossa Senhora and Dom Baslio (BA), Morro Alto and Taquaritinga (SP) and Jaba and Janaba (MG). In these regions, both productivity and fruit size were adversely affected by the drought conditions. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) has just released the total figures regarding the 2011 crop year, which point to a national production of 1,249,521 tons, in 76,391 hectares. Cepea refers to a planted area of 48,452 hectares in the four major belts in 2012, down 5% from the 51,010 hectares in 2011. Vale do So Francisco increased by 2.9% and the So Paulo belt, by 1.1%. In the meantime, there was a decrease of 18.8% in Livramento de Nossa Senhora, State of Bahia, and 5.7% in North Minas Gerais. n
In 2013, if the scenario early this year holds true, the mango farmers expect planted areas to continue stable in all major mango farming belts, and the same goes for prices and volumes traded. The only difference lies in the fact that the reductions in area in the regions of Livramento de Nossa Senhora and So Baslio, both in the State of Bahia, will be compensated by orchard expansions in regions like North Minas Gerais; Vale do So Francisco, in Pernambuco and Bahia; and Taquaritinga, in So Paulo. And the Brazilian market should consolidate its expansion in demand for export-type fruits. The behavior of exports will greatly depend on three factors: the exchange rate, which in early 2013 is less attractive than in 2012; the economic crisis in the European Union and the behavior of our competitors, emphasizes economist Joo Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, of Embrapa Semiarid, in Petrolina (PE). In general, prices similar to the present ones are expected and much the same export volumes. The biggest concern of the sector, according to the specialist, is the fight against the fruit fly, a pest that affects the region of Vale do So Francisco and requires much attention. Exports are supposed to start in August and come to a close in the final week of October, a time when Brazil takes advantage of the off-season period in other countries.
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STABLE SCENARIO
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Fruta mais exportada pelo Pas busca ampliao de espaos em nvel interno e externo com base em sua estrutura de produo e na qualidade
que ocupa a primeira posio entre as frutas exportadas pelo Brasil, quer ampliar horizontes alm do tradicional mercado europeu, que o seu principal destino, mas tem limitado seu crescimento desde a crise de 2008. Naquele perodo, o volume total exportado j ultrapassava a 200 mil toneladas, o que no se alcanou mais nas temporadas seguintes, embora em 2012 voltasse a apresentar algum crescimento. Foram vendidas 181,7 mil toneladas ao exterior neste ano, o que representou 7,19% a mais do que no exerccio anterior. O valor obtido evoluiu menos (4,49%), alcanando US$ 134 milhes. Cerca de um tero da produo nacional atende ao mercado externo, considerando-se os nmeros de 2011, em que se registra a obteno de 499 mil toneladas de melo (4,37% a mais do que o ano anterior) nas lavouras, situadas em sua ampla maioria no Nordeste. O maior polo produtor encontra-se nas divisas do Rio Grande do Norte (Chapada do Apodi) e do Cear (Baixo Jaguaribe). Aquele Estado respondeu por 259 mil toneladas no ano em referncia; j o Cear colheu 143 mil toneladas, mas liderou na exportao, com 101 mil toneladas. Outra rea est no Vale do So Francisco, entre os estados da Bahia e do Pernambuco. No territrio baiano, foram produzidas 42 mil toneladas. E, ainda, como quarto Estado produtor aparece o Rio Grande do Sul, com 21 mil toneladas. Em 2012, os principais centros produtores nordestinos, onde se utiliza alta tecnologia e irrigao, apresentaram boa produtividade, permitindo ampliar a exportao e o atendimento interno. Enquanto isso, a remunerao obtida registrou queda no plano domstico e estabilidade no externo. As observaes foram feitas em dezembro na avaliao da HortifrutiBrasil, do Centro de Estudos Avanados em Economia Aplicada da Universidade de So Paulo (Cepea/USP). Conforme o analista Guilherme Ramalho dos Santos, o clima seco no polo produtor e exportador do Rio Grande do Norte e do Cear resultou em produtividade e qualidade, de modo geral, satisfatrias, o que favoreceu os embarques no incio da temporada 2012/13, em agosto. A partir de outubro, porm, a alta salinidade da gua utilizada para irrigao limitou o desempenho da colheita e as exportaes, que, de qualquer forma, deveriam fechar positivas, considerando-se tambm o perodo da safra at abril. n
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ESTADOS UnIDOS E CHInA esto entre os destinos FoCados pelo Melo brasileiro
ALTERNATIVAS O mercado externo
do melo brasileiro ainda se ressente da crise na Europa e, por isso, o setor produtivo e exportador do Pas concentra esforos na busca de mais destinos ao seu produto, reconhecido como de alta qualidade, comenta Francisco Cipriano de Paula Segundo, presidente do Comit Executivo de Fitossanidade do Rio Grande do Norte (Coex). Ainda na Europa, atenes se voltam Rssia e, na sia, busca-se viabilizar o grande mercado chins, no qual vem sendo percebido interesse e para onde inclusive j foi feito embarque experimental em 2012. Na Amrica do Sul, est por ser aberta a entrada no Chile, enquanto na Amrica do Norte o importante mercado dos Estados Unidos vem sendo buscado com afinco, j com alguns fornecimentos. Embora este seja atendido normalmente pelos pases mais prximos, h janela justamente no perodo da safra brasileira, onde o setor quer ocupar espaos com o atrativo da qualidade do produto diferenciado e j com aprovao sanitria. Haveria ali potencial estimado em US$ 130 milhes para o melo brasileiro, que corresponde hoje ao total das exportaes nacionais. A demanda interna, por sua vez, recebe igualmente toda ateno, na expectativa de que se amplie o consumo. Mas diante do reconhecimento j existente no plano externo e da boa estrutura produtora e exportadora, a busca de novos mercados para a fruta est na pauta, e espera-se bons resultados. Adicionando novos espaos para comrcio, temos capacidade para crescer, lembra Francisco Cipriano de Paula Segundo, dirigente do comit do setor no Estado que lidera a produo, o Rio Grande do Norte.
FlYinG HIGH
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Countrys most exported fruit seeks to expand its range at home and abroad, based on its production and quality structure
which ranks first on the list of Brazilian fruit exports, wants to expand its horizon beyond the traditional European market, still its main destination, but with a limited growth rate since the 2008 financial crisis. Back then, exports exceeded 200 thousand tons, a volume that was never matched over the following cycles, though in 2012 some growth was registered, when melon exports amounted to 181.7 thousand tons, up 7.19% from the previous year. Revenue obtained was up only 4.49%, totaling US$ 134 million. About one third of the melons produced in Brazil are shipped abroad, considering the 2011 numbers, when the total crop amounted to 499 thousand tons (up 4.37% from the previous year), most of the fruits harvested in the Northeast. The largest melon producing hub is located at the borders of Rio Grande do Norte (Chapada do Apodi) and the State of Cear (Baixo Jaguaribe). The former accounted for 259 thousand tons in the year of reference; and Cear harvested 143 thousand tons, but was the leader in exports, with 101 thousand tons. Another melon producing hub is Vale do So Francisco, sitting between the states of Bahia and Pernambuco. The volume in Bahia amounted to 42 thousand tons. The state of Rio Grande do Sul ranks as fourth biggest pro-
Ano Exportao (kg) (US$) 2011 169.575.730 128.353.767 2012 181.767.594 134.114.090
Fonte: Secex/Aliceweb-Ibraf
ducers, with 21 thousand tons. In 2012, all major northeastern producing hubs, characterized by high technology and irrigation practices, took advantage of good productivity rates, thus expanding export operations, whilst fulfilling the needs of the domestic market. In the meantime, remuneration registered a decrease in the domestic scenario and remained stable abroad. These observations come from a survey conducted in December by HortifruiBrasil, of the Center for Advanced Studies on Applied Economics of the University of So Paulo (Cepea/USP). According to analyst Guilherme Ramalho dos Santos, the dry climate in the exporter hub of Rio Grande do Norte and Cear resulted into satisfactory productivity rates and quality, leading to bigger shipments abroad at the beginning of the 2012/13 cycle, in August. As of October, however, the high salinity levels of the irrigation water limited the performance of the harvest and exports, which, anyway, were supposed to come to a close with a positive balance, also taking into consideration the crop period up until April. n
UnITED STATES AnD CHInA are MaJor destinations For BraZilian Melons
ALTERNATIVES The Brazilian foreign melon market is still under the ripple effects of the economic downturn in Europe and, therefore, the Countrys production and export sector is concentrating efforts in search of more destinations for the melons, acknowledged as excellent in quality, comments Francisco Cipriano de Paula Segundo, president of the Rio Grande do Norte State Phytosanitary Executive Committee (Coex). In Europe, the focus is now on Russia, while in Asia, the target is the huge Chinese market, which has already shown interest, with an experimental shipment sent to that country in 2012. In South America, Chile is about to open its gates, while in North America the impressive market of the United States is being eagerly sought, with some shipments underway. Although this market is normally supplied by the neighboring countries, chances may surface exactly during the peak of the Brazilian season, where the sector wants to be admitted to that market on the grounds of highly qualified products, with all phytosanitary approvals. The potential in that market for Brazilian melons has been estimated at US$ 130 million. Internal demand, in turn, has been given close attention in expectation for soaring consumption. Nonetheless, due to the recognition already expressed by the foreign markets, and because of the excellent production and export structure, the search for new markets continues on the agenda, and good results are expected. If new markets are conquered, there will be room for growth, recalls Francisco Cipriano de Paula Segundo, official of the sectors committee in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, the largest producer.
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NOvOS horiZontes
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Cadeia produtiva passa por transformao e precisa se adequar a um novo cenrio, que envolve a maior concorrncia e a crise europeia
apresentou cenrio de transformao em 2012, segundo a pesquisadora Loiva Maria Ribeiro de Mello, da rea de socioeconomia da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, de Bento Gonalves (RS). A atividade importante para a sustentabilidade de milhares de pequenas propriedades e tem se tornado determinante no desenvolvimento de algumas regies e na gerao de empregos em grandes empreendimentos que produzem uvas de mesa e para processamento. No principal ambiente envolvido com esse setor no Brasil, a Serra gacha, a vitivinicultura est fortemente ligada ao turismo. Mas, nos ltimos anos, de um lado a crise econmica mundial, associada ao ingresso de outros pases no mercado, dificultou as exportaes de uvas de mesa do Vale do So Francisco; e, de outro, o excesso na oferta de vinhos no mercado internacional, relacionado ao aumento no poder aquisitivo brasileiro, facilita a importao da bebida. Isso influencia fortemente o desempenho da vitivinicultura brasileira. E preocupa. O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE) aponta que em 2012 houve reduo de 0,52% na produo de uvas no Brasil, no comparativo com 2011. A maior queda produtiva ocorreu no Paran (-32,86%), seguido pela Bahia (-4,80%). Nos estados de Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul houve aumento na colheita de uvas de 7,71%, 3,09%, 4,64% e 1,29%, respectivamente. Em 2012, o volume destinado ao processamento (vinho, suco e derivados) foi de 830,92 milhes de quilos, representando 57,07% da safra nacional. O restante (42,93%) foi dirigido ao consumo in natura. As reas plantada e colhida no Brasil tiveram recuperao em 2012, com aumento de 0,72% e 0,78%, respectivamente, em relao a 2011. De acordo com o relatrio setorial elaborado por Loiva Maria Ribeiro de Mello, os maiores aumentos de rea aconteceram no Paran (3,37%) e em Santa Catarina (3,33%). No Rio Grande do Sul, maior produtor de uvas do Pas, a rea cultivada cresceu 1%. Em Pernambuco, a rea de videiras recuou 2,15% e na Bahia, 5%. Estas regies vm de importantes redues em 2011, especialmente no Vale do So Francisco, em Pernambuco e na Bahia, acrescenta. A pesquisadora destaca que a viticultura est sendo implantada em vrios estados, como Mato Grosso do Sul, Gois, Esprito Santo, Cear e Piau. n
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NEW horiZons
Brazilian winegrowing operations are now experiencing transformations in an attempt to adjust to a new scenario, which involves tighter competition and the European crisis
operations experienced transformations in 2012, says Loiva Maria Ribeiro de Mello, a researcher at the Embrapa Grape and Wine socioeconomic department, based in Bento Gonalves (RS). Winegrowing plays a relevant role in sustaining thousands of small holdings and has become a determining factor in the development of some regions and in the generation of jobs at huge enterprises that grow table grapes and process grapes, too. In the major environment involved with the sector in Brazil, the Sierra Gaucha region, winegrowing has strong connections with tourism. Nevertheless, over the past years, for one thing, the global economic downturn, associated with new players joining the market, created difficulties for the winegrowers in Vale do So Francisco to export their table grapes; and, on the other hand, wine surpluses in the international market, along with the rising purchasing power of the Brazilian population, have made wine imports easier. This exerts a strong influence on the performance of the Brazilian winegrowing operations. And it is cause for concern. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) points to 0.52-percent reduction in the Brazilian grape crop in
Brazilian winegrowing
2012, compared to 2011. The biggest decrease in production occurred in the state of Paran (-32.86%), followed by Bahia (-4.80%). In the states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul the size of the crop soared 7.71%, 3.09%, 4.64% and 1.29%, respectively. In 2012, the volume destined for processing (wine, juice and derivatives) amounted to 830.92 million kilos, representing 57.07% of the national production volumes. The remaining 42.93% was for fresh consumption. Both planted and harvested areas in Brazil experienced a recovery of 0.72% and 0.78%, respectively, compared to 2011. According a sectoral report by Loiva Maria Ribeiro de Mello, the biggest area increases took place in Paran (3.37%) and in Santa Catarina (3.33%). In Rio Grande do Sul, leading grape producer in the Country, the planted area soared 1%. In Pernambuco, the vineyard area shrank 2.15%; and in Bahia, 5%. These regions have been following on the heels of hefty reductions in 2011, especially in Vale do So Francisco, in Pernambuco and Bahia, she adds. The researcher maintains that winegrowing operations are now spreading throughout several states, like Mato Grosso do Sul, Gois, Esprito Santo, Cear and Piau. n
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Estudos da Embrapa Uva e Vinho buscam variedades que reduzam a dependncia brasileira s importaes da fruta, que hoje chega a 90%
das mais de 200 mil toneladas anuais de pera que o mercado domstico consome. o maior importador mundial. Enquanto isso, sua produo se mantm estagnada em 20 mil toneladas anuais, com 2 mil hectares plantados e rendimento de 10 toneladas/ha. Reduzir as compras no possvel em curto prazo: faltam cultivares aptas a produzir com qualidade, quantidade e regularidade para abastecer o Pas. Na Serra Gacha, onde se concentra boa parte da produo nacional, a Embrapa Uva e Vinho, de Bento Gonalves (RS), busca dar suporte expanso e qualificao dos pomares com o projeto Desenvolvimento de cultivares para a viabilizao da cultura da pereira no Brasil Melhorpera. A meta modificar o panorama da cadeia produtiva, ampliar a produo e agregar qualidade s frutas. O pesquisador Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira, lder do programa, destaca que o primeiro desafio avaliar as cultivares de domnio pblico j utilizadas em zonas de produo. No existem variedades nacionais entre as produzidas no Sul do Brasil; h apenas cultivares importadas h muitos anos, sem anlise tcnica. Da a necessidade de acompanhamento para identificar variedades adaptadas e de maior produtividade, tratos culturais, viabilidade do cultivo, colheita e ps-colheita. No estudo tambm so desenvolvidas variedades de porta-enxertos. A engenharia gentica faz ensaios de transformao para desenvolver linhagens de pera resistentes a doenas, portanto com menor necessidade de tratamento fitossanitrio. Atualmente, 10 cultivares so observadas. Os resultados iniciais da avaliao sero divulgados em trs safras, indicando desempenho e manejo adequados das variedades. Alm disso, a Embrapa dever lanar cultivares para a regio a partir de 2018. Hbridos j foram produzidos para os primeitos testes. O banco de germoplasma est sendo reforado com material dos Estados Unidos, a fim de ampliar a diversidade gentica disponvel para os cruzamentos. n
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Studies conducted by Embrapa Grape and Wine seek varieties that could reduce Brazils dependence on imports, now amounting to 90%
80
80% to 90% of the upwards of 200 thousand tons of pears consumed in the domestic market, annually, ranking as biggest global importer. In the meantime, production remains stagnated at 20 thousand tons a year, with 2 thousand hectares devoted to the fruit, and productivity rates of 10 tons/ha. In the short run, there is no chance for reducing purchases from abroad: there are no quality cultivars available, making regular supplies unat-
tainable throughout the Country. In the Sierra Gaucha region, where a great deal of the national production is concentrated, Embrapa Grape and Wine, based in Bento Gonalves (RS), is lending support to expansion moves and to orchard qualification through the project, Development of cultivars intended to make pear growing viable in Brazil Melhorpera. The target consists in changing the panorama of the supply chain, expand production and add value to the fruit. Researcher Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira, leader of the pro-
RIO GRAnDE DO SUL AnD SAnTA CATARInA Sierras boast Great potential For the produCtion oF pears
LOTS OF ADVANTAGES The benefits of producing pears in the sierra regions of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina lie in the lower production costs compared to apples. Furthermore, pear growers could
take advantage of the entire apple farming infrastructure in the two states, including its commercialization channels. Research is also focused on cultivars that could be harvested before gala apples, in early February, taking advantage of the logistic structure, expanding the use of labor and generating income to the growers and the sector. It is the South in search of the best pears to be produced and sold.
gram, stresses that the first challenge consists in evaluating the cultivars under public domain, already grown in pear growing zones. There era no national varieties in South Brazil; there are only cultivars imported a long time ago, without any technical analysis. Hence the need for a close watch in order to identify adapted and highly productive varieties, cultural practices, cultivation viability, harvest and post-harvest. The study also includes rootstock varieties. Genetic engineering is conducting transformation trials for the development of pear strains resis-
tant to diseases, requiring less phytosanitary treatments. Currently, 10 cultivars are being closely watched. The initial results of the evaluation will be disclosed after three regular cycles, indicating performance and appropriate management practices. Furthermore, Embrapa has scheduled the new cultivars for the region as of 2018. Hybrids have already been produced for the first trials. The Germ Plasm Database is being reinforced by material from the United States, in order to expand the genetic diversity levels available for crossings. n
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Embrapa lana variedades BRS Magna e BRS Vitria, uvas para suco e consumo in natura adaptadas a diferentes regies brasileiras
IMpulso na PARREIRA
de julho de 2013, para cultivo, a 15 e a 16 variedade de uvas criadas a partir do Programa de Melhoramento Gentico da Videira da Embrapa, coordenado pelos pesquisadores Patrcia Ritschel e Joo Dimas Garcia Maia. So elas a BRS Magna, para elaborao de suco, e BRS Vitria, uva de mesa sem sementes. Os eventos de lanamento aconteceram em Sinop, no Mato Grosso, e em Marialva, no Paran, respectivamente. A BRS Magna caracteriza-se pela ampla adaptao climtica e por altos contedos de acar e de matria corante, enquanto a BRS Vitria destaca-se pela ausncia de sementes e pela tolerncia ao mldio, principal doena da videira no Brasil. A BRS Vitria pode ser cultivada em So Paulo, em Minas Gerais e no Vale do So Francisco (Pernambuco e Bahia). A BRS Magna, na Serra Ga82
cha, em So Paulo, no Mato Grosso e no Vale do So Francisco. As cultivares so oriundas do Programa de Melhoramento Gentico da Videira, estabelecido em 1977 pela Embrapa Uva e Vinho. O Programa objetiva o desenvolvimento e a criao de variedades de uva de qualidade, com boas caractersticas agronmicas, diferentes finalidades e ampla adaptao climtica. Antes destas, foram lanadas 14 cultivares para mesa e elaborao de sucos e vinhos, que se adaptam bem s condies climticas dos principais polos vitivincolas do Brasil. GEMAS A comercializao de gemas da BRS Magna e da BRS Vitria ser feita pela Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Escritrio de Campinas (SP), a partir de julho de 2013. Os produtores interessados devero fazer reservas pelo site www.campinas.spm.embrapa.br. Para mais informaes, o telefone (19) 3749 8888. n
varieties coming from the Embrapa Vineyard Genetic Enhancement Program, coordinated by researchers Patrcia Ritschel and Joo Dimas Garcia Maia, have been scheduled to reach the market as of July 2013, for cultivation. They are the BRS Magna, for juice, and BRS Vitria, seedless table grape. The launching events took place in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, and in Marialva, State of Paran, respectively. The BRS Magna is characterized by its ample adaptation to climate conditions and for its high contents of sugar and coloring matter, while the BRS Vitria stands out as a seedless grape and for its tolerance to the mildew fungus, a major vineyard disease in Brazil. The BRS Vitria variety grows well in So Paulo, Minas Gerais and in Vale do So Francisco (Pernambuco and Bahia). The BRS Magna is recommended for the Sierra Gaucha region and for the States of So
Paulo, Mato Grosso and for Vale do So Francisco. The cultivars come from the Vineyard Genetic Enhancement Program set up in 1977 by Embrapa Grape and Wine. The target of the Program is to come up with the development and the creation of quality grape varieties, with good agronomic features, different purposes and for a vast variety of climate conditions. Before the just mentioned varieties, 14 other cultivars were launched, some of them table grapes, and others for wine and juices, and they adapt perfectly to all major winegrowing hubs in Brazil. CULTIVARS Sales of BRS Magna and BRS Vitria cultivars will be under the responsibility of Embrapa Products and Market, based in Campinas (SP), starting as of July 2013. All interested winegrowers are recommended to make their reservations through site www.campinas.spm.embrapa.br. For further information, call (19) 3749 8888. n
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MUDAnAS no Carto-postal
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Embrapa Clima Temperado difunde tecnologias para o cultivo de citros sem sementes na regio de Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul
no Rio Grande do Sul, carto-postal do bioma Pampa, com vastos campos, vrzeas, rebanhos ovinos e bovinos, e lavouras de arroz. Mas seu perfil est mudando. O novo cenrio da Campanha, da Zona Sul e da Fronteira Oeste inclui pomares de citros sem sementes, resultado da busca de alternativas econmicas e de difuso de tecnologias da Embrapa Clima Temperado, de Pelotas (RS). Os citros sem sementes ocupam 2 mil hectares no Estado, com espao garantido nas mesas do Sul do Pas. O investimento, pouco superior citricultura tradicional, compensa pelo valor de mercado at trs vezes maior e pela demanda crescente. Estima-se que um quilo de citros sem sementes custe entre R$ 0,50 a R$ 0,80, dependendo do sistema. O valor de mercado varia entre R$ 1,50 e R$ 3,00 pelo quilo. A Embrapa tem viveiristas licenciados para fornecer sementes de alto valor gentico aos fruticultores. O pesquisador Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, identifica dois perfis de agricultores: o primeiro, de investidores que cultivam reas de 30 a 300 hectares e distribuem os citros sem sementes nas principais redes de supermercados; j o segundo grupo formado pela agricultura familiar, com reas de meio a quatro hectares, na Serra Gacha, no Alto Uruguai, no Nordeste e no Sul do Estado. Ambos utilizam tecnologias reunidas na publicao Cultivo de citros sem sementes, lanado pela Embrapa, e que pode ser acessada no site www.cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/download/sistemas/sistema_21.pdf. A Embrapa Clima Temperado tem apoiado viveiristas interessados em produzir mudas de citros em ambiente protegido, utilizando substratos isentos de patgenos e plantas daninhas, sementes e borbulhas indexadas. E trabalha no melhoramento de cultivares e na introduo das principais variedades de citros produzidas e comercializadas no mundo. Os pomares substituem ambientes de pastagens na Campanha e na Fronteira. Nas demais regies, ocupam novas reas e aparecem em lugar dos citros tradicionais, do tabaco e do pssego, frisa Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira. Para dar suporte a este segmento, a Embrapa tem estrutura de 2.500 m2 destinada a matrizeiro e borbulheira de diversas cultivares de citros, disponibilizando ao setor borbulhas indexadas desses materiais. Alm disso, oferece treinamentos para a produo de mudas ou de material comercial. n
A regio da Campanha,
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ainda com tolerncia ao cancro ctrico (Lue Gim Gong e Shamouti). Os principais riscos cultura so as geadas, as formigas, as lebres e uma possvel entrada do Greening (HLB) no Rio Grande do Sul, ou o cancro ctrico. A Embrapa Clima Temperado, em parceria com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Ufr-
gs), a Fundao de Pesquisa Agropecuria (Fepagro/RS), a Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) e a Empresa de Assistncia Tcnica e Extenso Rural (Emater-RS), vem gerando tecnologias para reduzir estes riscos. Portanto, baseada nessa perspectiva, a paisagem do Pampa gacho tende a mudar mais ainda. Para melhor.
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Embrapa Temperate Climate spreads seedless citrus growing technologies across the Prairie Regions in Rio Grande do Sul
in Rio Grande do Sul is a real postcard of the so-called Pampa, featuring vast grasslands, plains, sheep and cattle herds, and ricefields. The new Prairie Land scenario includes seedless citrus orchards, resulting from the search for economic alternatives and efforts by Embrapa Temperate Climate, in Pelotas (RS), towards technology spreading. Seedless citrus occupy two thousand hectares throughout the State, inevitably present on the kitchen table in South Brazil. The investment is slightly higher compared to traditional citrus farming, but is compensatory because of prices three times bigger and soaring demand. It is estimated that a kilo of seedless citrus fetches from R$ 0.50 to R$ 0.80, depending on the system. In the shops, prices vary from R$ 1.50 to R$ 3, per kilo. Embrapa has a list of licensed nurseries where the fruit growing farmers can get seed of high genetic value. It translates into superior quality products, with high added value. Researcher Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira, of Embrapa Temperate Climate, identifies two types of farmers: the first, farmers who make investments and cultivate from 30 to 300 hectares and deliver their seedless citrus to major supermarket chains; the second group consists of family farmers, with areas ranging from half to four hectares, in Sierra Gaucha, Alto Uruguai, Northeast and South of the State. Both result from technologies published in Cultivation of seedless citrus, launched by Embrapa, and can be accessed at site http://www. cpact.embrapa.br/publicacoes/download/sistemas/sistema_21.pdf. Embrapa Temperate Climate has always lent support to nurs-
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ery keepers interested in the production of citrus seedlings in protected environments, using media exempt from pathogens and weeds, indexed seeds and buds. The organ is also engaged in cultivar enhancement and in the introduction of all major citrus trees cultivated and traded in the world. Orchards are replacing grasslands in the Prairies and along the Frontier. In other regions they occupy new areas and replace traditional citrus, tobacco and peaches, explains Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira. So as to lend support to this segment, Embrapa relies on a 2,500 2 structure destined for parent plants and buds of several citrus m cultivars, available to the indexed buds sector of these materials. In addition, the organ offers training for the production of seedlings or other materials of commercial interest. n
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VISITA indeseJada
Conscincia, monitoramento e tecnologia so as armas empregadas para fazer frente ameaa da mosca-das-frutas no Vale do So Francisco
o Vale do So Francisco, principal polo brasileiro de produo de mangas e de uvas de mesa, viu prosperar a infestao de pomares por moscas-das-frutas. uma visita indesejvel, que leva produtores e pesquisadores a declararem guerra ao inseto para protegerem os cultivos. A pesquisadora Beatriz Aguiar Jordo Paranhos, da Embrapa Semirido, de Petrolina (PE), revela que a mosca-das-frutas a principal praga de frutferas ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, h cinco espcies quarentenrias. No Vale do So Francisco, a Ceratitis capitata responsvel por 99% das ocorrncias e est associada a manga, goiaba, acerola, carambola, caj, siriguela, uva e outras frutferas. Geralmente, as moscas-das-frutas fazem suas posturas nos frutos no incio do amadurecimento. No entanto, podem infest-los quando ainda esto verdes. As larvas alimentam-se da polpa e causam o apodrecimento, revela a pesquisadora. Os frutos ficam imprprios para o consumo in natura e para a industrializao. Aps completar seu desenvolvimento, a larva migra para o solo, enterrando-se com cinco a sete centmetros de profundidade para a pupao. A durao do perodo ovo-adulto vai
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de 18 a 25 dias no Vale. As perdas variam de propriedade a propriedade e de ano a ano. Quando os fruticultores no fazem o controle cultural, o nvel de infestao alto, prejudicando a eles prprios e aos vizinhos. As perdas podem chegar a 50%, em uma safra, alerta. Existem fatores agravantes no Vale, em relao a outras regies do Brasil: o clima favorvel ao desenvolvimento da praga e a disponibilidade de frutos hospedeiros o ano todo. Alm dos danos diretos nos frutos, os indiretos, relacionados s barreiras de exportao, podem ser maiores. O controle pode ser de natureza cultural, qumica e biolgica. As medidas culturais devem ser constantes e as demais precedidas de monitoramento da rea, o que definir a necessidade de sua aplicao. O monitoramento realizado atravs de armadilhas nos pomares, com a finalidade de definir o ndice de infestao, a necessidade e o momento de aplicao de medidas de controle. Dois tipos de armadilhas so utilizadas, McPhail e Jackson, que so conferidas semanalmente para a contagem. As prticas so aplicadas quando o ndice mosca/armadilha/ dia (MAD) for igual ou superior a 0,25. Para exportao, o pomar deve ser monitorado ao menos por seis meses, at a colheita, e o ndice deve ser inferior a um. n
ANAMED um atrativo para moscas-das-frutas em pasta, prprio para mistura com inseticida em aplicaes de isca-txica
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UnWanted vISIT
Awareness, monitoring, technolog y are weapons against the fruit fly threat in Vale do So Francisco
Vale do So Francisco, major Brazilian mango and table grape production hub, witnessed the infestation of its orchards with fruit-flies. It is an unwanted visit that leads growers and researchers to wage a war against the insect to protect their orchards. Researcher Beatriz Aguiar Jordo Paranhos, of Embrapa Semiarid, in Petrolina (PE), reveals that the fruit-fly is the worlds most noxious fruit tree pest. In Brazil there are five quarantine species. In Vale do So Francisco, Ceratitis capitata is responsible for
99% of all outbreaks and its preferred fruits are mango, guava, acerola, carambola, caj, siriguela, grape and other fruit trees. Usually, the fruit-flies lay their eggs in the fruits at their early maturing stage. However, they can also infest the fruits while they are still green. The larvae feed on the pulp and cause it to rot, the researcher explains. The fruits become inadequate for fresh consumption or for industrialization purposes. After reaching adult age, the larvae migrate to the soil, and remain five to seven centimeters deep in
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the soil for the pupa stage. The adult-egg period lasts for 18 to 25 days in Vale do So Francisco. Losses vary from farm to farm and from year to year. When no cultural control is performed, the level of infestation is very high, even causing losses to neighboring fields. Losses could amount to 50% of an entire crop, he warns. There are aggravating factors in the Valley, compared to other regions throughout Brazil: favorable climate conditions for the development of the pest and host fruits year round. Besides the direct damages to the fruits, the indirect ones, related to export barriers, could be much bigger. Control over the fruit-fly could be of cultural, chemical or bio-
logical nature. Cultural measures should never stop, and the other ones should be preceded by area monitoring, which will define the need for their application. Monitoring is conducted through traps spread across the orchard, their purpose is to define the level of infestation, the need and right time for applying the control measures. There are two types of traps in use, McPhail and Jackson, which are checked on a weekly basis for the counting procedure. These practices are applied when the fly/trap/day (FTD) index is equal to, or higher than 0.25. If the fruits are to be exported, the orchard must remain under a six-month monitoring process, up to harvest time, and the index must be inferior to one. n
COnTROL OvER THE FRUIT-FLY Could be oF Cultural, CheMiCal and bioloGiCal nature
CONTROL Cultural control is the most efficient method for controlling the fruit-flies, and it implies in simple practices, like collecting the fruits that drop from the trees. These fruits must be buried and covered with a minimum layer of 20 centimeters of compact soil. They could also be shredded for animal food, or incinerated. Fruit bagging is expensive, but could be the solution for dense populations. Picking all fruits from the trees prevents the flies from completing their cycle in the orchard. Adult fruit-flies fly as far as 10 kilometers, at a height of over 10 meters. It means that physical barriers around the orchards are inefficient. If cultural controls are neglected, the other control methods might reap the consequences and lose their effectiveness. Farmers should calculate all these costs before they start the crop, so as to prevent the pest from completing the cycle in the orchard, says Beatriz Paranhos, of Embrapa Semiarid. Chemical controls are done through toxic baits, consisting of a mixture of insecticides registered for the different crops, with the addition of a lure. The solution is applied only in a portion of the cultivated area, thus reducing the risk of residues in the fruits and impacts on beneficial insects. Other weapons that could strengthen the fight against the fruit-flies include the sterile insect technique (sterile males that mate with wild insects, in the field), and biological controls with parasites (wasps that attack the larvae in the fruits) and with enthomopathogens (fungi that kill pupae in the soil). Within this context, Embrapa Semiarid will be able to provide much collaboration with its technologies and the spreading of knowledge.
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GRAnDES esperanas
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Maior produtor nacional da fruta, Cear aposta em caju clonado para revitalizar a cultura, que sofreu novamente com a seca em 2012
precoce (clonado), em lugar do comum (ou gigante), que predomina, o grande propsito do Programa de Expanso e Recuperao da Cajucultura Cearense, no Estado que produz quase a metade da castanha no Pas e que lidera a exportao. O projeto, lanado em 2007, est avanando, e a opo em foco passou de 36.916 para 70.445 hectares, o que representa 17,5% do total cultivado. Mas, em termos de produo, j responde por 41,3% do volume obtido em 2012. O ano foi de seca forte na regio e o ano deu novamente a melhor resposta, fortalecendo a campanha oficial. A produo brasileira de castanha de caju em 2012, com a falta de gua, ficou em 81.723 toneladas, 64% a menos do que na temporada anterior. O Cear obteve 38.574 toneladas, das quais l5.945 toneladas com o tipo clonado, que tem produtividade quatro vezes maior do que o comum, remanescente da dcada de 1980, com populao de plantas muito baixa e pouco rendimento. Por isso, o Estado incentiva a adoo desta alternativa junto aos produtores, que, em sua grande maioria, so de pequeno porte, para que tenham melhores resultados. Por um lado, explica Jos de Sousa Paz, supervisor do Ncleo de Fruticultura da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Agrrio (SDA), feita a expanso com o repasse de mudas. O total distribudo desde 2007 chega a 4,3 milhes de unidades, o que equivale ao plantio de 21.529 hectares. De outra parte, realiza-se a recuperao com o uso da tecnologia de substituio de copa em plantas improdutivas, o que foi iniciado em 2009, com subsdio pblico, abrangendo 12.006 hectares. Assim, a rea plantada no Estado em 2012 teve 70.445 hectares de caju ano precoce, do total de 400.285 hectares plantados. O Estado conta com cinco polos que se dedicam ao caju, espalhados principalmente pelo extenso litoral, onde se concentra 85% da produo, em municpios como Aracati, Pacajus, Itapipoca e Camocim. Ainda h rea menor de produo na regio interiorana do Cariri. O setor envolve no total 57 mil produtores (64% com menos de 10 hectares) e gera em torno de 120 mil empregos, considerando-se tambm a indstria e os servios. Seis unidades industriais de maior porte e 50 menores dedicam-se atividade. n
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GREAT hopes
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The largest national producer of the fruit, the State of Cear bets on cloned cashew for the revitalization of the crop, which was again hit by drought conditions in 2012
short-cycle dwarf cashew (cloned), replacing common cashew (also known as giant), which predominates, is the real intention of the Cear State Cashew Recovery and Expansion Program. Cear produces almost 50% of the entire national cashew crop and is also a leader in exports of the fruit. The project launched in 2007 is making strides, and the option in question jumped from 36,916 to 70,445 hectares, which represent 17.5% of the total cultivated area. But in production terms, the State accounts for 41.3% of the entire volume obtained in 2012. The region was hit by a severe drought during the year and it was the dwarf cashew that again gave the best response, adding strength to the official campaign. The Brazilian cashew nut crop in 2012, affected by water deficiencies, remained at 81,723 tons, down 64% from the previous year. Cear harvested a total of 38,574 tons, of which, l5,945 tons were from the cloned type, with productivity fourfold higher than common cashew varieties, remnants of the 1980s, when both plant population and yield were low. This is why the state encourages the farmers, most of them with small holdings, to go for the cloned varieties for better results. For one thing, Jos de Sousa Paz, supervisor of the Fruit Di-
vision at the Agrarian Development Secretariat (SDA), explains that all expansion moves rely on the distribution of seedlings. Total distribution starting in 2007 amounts to 4.3 million pieces, equivalent to a planted area of 21,529 hectares. On the other hand, all recovery works are performed with the use of the replacement technology involving the removal of the unproductive crowns of the plants, a move that started in 2009, with public grants, now comprising 12,006 hectares. This has led to a planted area of 70,445 hectares of short-cycle cashew, of a total of 400,285 planted hectares, in 2012. There are five cashew producing hubs throughout the State, the majority of them spread along the vast coastal area, where 85% of the entire crop is produced, in municipalities like Aracati, Pacajus, Itapipoca and Camocim. There are also minor producing areas across the Cariri region, in the interior. The sector comprises a total of 57 thousand farmers (64% of them with less than 10 hectares) and generates approximately 120 thousand job positions, if the industries and service companies are taken into consideration. The activity is performed by six big industries and 50 minor enterprises. n
In FIvE YEARS OF THE PROGRAM, area deVoted to short CYCle CasheW doubled in Cear
HEADING FORWARD Incentive
to small agroindustries in the hubs has been included in the Cear State program, whose major concerns consist in making an integral use of the cashew, for juices, cajuna, candy, pulp and honey, for example. Normally, it is just the nut that is extracted, which represents the smallest part of the fruit. Supplies of the latter, in turn, will also go up as soon as the stabilization of the newly distributed plants has been achieved ( full production normally starts after the sixth year, while the recovered plants produce results the year that follows the intervention). The 33,529 hectares of orchards resulting from new plantations and crown replacements are expected to increase the production volumes accordingly. The crop is really in a position to outstrip the biggest cashew nut crop ever harvested in the State, in 2006, with 130 thousand tons. To this end, there is market abroad and in the domestic scenario, where a rising trend in consumption has been ascertained. In 2012, the majority of the crop harvested in Cear was destined for foreign countries, totaling 20 thousand tons and revenue of US$ 148 thousand, representing 80% of all Brazilian cashew nut businesses.
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Melancia se impe na fruticultura brasileira em termos de volume, com 2,198 milhes de toneladas, e j tem peso igualmente nas exportaes
produzidas no Brasil, de um total de mais de 20 espcies representativas, algumas se destacam em volume, ofertando grande variedade de sabores, aromas, cores e formas. Uma delas, a melancia, ocupa a quarta posio da lista elaborada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), em nmeros gerais de 2011. A produo da fruta totalizou 2,198 milhes de toneladas, oriunda de rea de 98.501 hectares, de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE). Esse montante resultou em receita de R$ 951,810 milhes. O Rio Grande do Sul respondeu pelo maior volume da fruta
naquele ano, num total de 421.641 toneladas. A rea de plantio foi de 17.902 hectares. Tambm tm importncia os estados da Bahia (292.432 toneladas), de Gois (272.650 toneladas), de So Paulo (242.586 toneladas) e do Par (120.909 toneladas). O IBGE ainda destacou que mais 21 estados brasileiros produzem essa espcie. Parte da produo de melancia fresca ganha o mundo. Em 2012, 33,543 mil toneladas foram exportadas pelo Brasil, 14,53% a mais do que o embarque de 29,287 mil toneladas negociadas no ano anterior, conforme o Ministrio do Desenvolvimento, Indstria e Comrcio Exterior (MDIC). A receita obtida no mercado externo foi de US$ 16,979 milhes FOB, 22,36% a mais do que em 2011, quando as vendas chegaram a US$ 13,877 milhes FOB. n
colheita feita de novembro a maro. Alm de abastecerem o mercado gacho, as melancias tambm so levadas para outros estados brasileiros. At o incio de dezembro, o Rio Grande do Sul compra a fruta produzida no Paran e em Gois. Conte observa que, por se tratar de cultura de ciclo anual, a planta tem custo baixo de produo. O perfil dos produtores varia entre especializados e sem aperfeioamento tcnico. De acordo com Conte, a rea dos culti-
vos comerciais, sem considerar os plantios para consumo prprio, no Rio Grande do Sul, tem oscilado entre 14.000 e 15.000 hectares. J aconteceu de a rea plantada chegar a 17.000 hectares, em anos nos quais os preos estavam atrativos. Atualmente, como as famlias esto menores, a preferncia do consumidor pela fruta de tamanho mdio, enquanto em outras pocas era pela fruta grande, observa o tcnico da Emater.
A MIGHTY Fruit
Watermelons stand out in Brazilian fruit farming business in terms of volume, with 2.198 million tons, and play a relevant role in exports
produced in Brazil, with a total of upwards of 20 representative species, some of them stand out in volume, featuring a variety of flavors, aromas, colors and shapes. One of them is the watermelon, which ranks fourth on the list issued by the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), in general numbers in 2011. The crop of this fruit reached 2.198 million tons, grown on an area of 98,501 hectares, according to data released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This amount translated into revenue of R$ 951.810 million. Rio Grande do Sul accounted for the biggest volume of this fruit that year, with a total of 421,641 tons. The area devoted to watermelons reached 17,902 hectares. Other States where the fruit is produced commercially are Bahia (292,432 tons), Gois (272,650 tons), So Paulo (242,586 tons) and Par (120,909 tons). IBGE officials maintain that the fruit is grown in 21 other Brazilian states. A huge portion of fresh watermelons is shipped abroad. In 2012,
33.543 thousand tons were exported by Brazil, up 14.53% from the shipment of 29.287 thousand tons the previous year, according to sources from the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC). Revenue raked in from the shipments amounted to US$ 16.979 million FOB, up 22.36% from 2011, when foreign sales reached US$ 13.877 million FOB. n
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Graviola est entre os novos sabores de frutas tropicais que vm sendo valorizados pelos consumidores e oferece opo a agricultores familiares
do Pas, mas ainda pouco presente nas estatsticas, a anoncea graviola, da mesma famlia da fruta-do-conde (porm, bem maior que esta, uma espcie de prima grandona, que pode chegar a at 10 quilos), comea a se tornar mais conhecida e a despertar interesse num mbito maior. Isto ocorre por conta da descoberta de novos sabores tropicais de frutas, em paralelo ao crescimento do turismo e ao avano da logstica, particulamente na conservao dos produtos e da qualidade no seu beneficiamento. A observao feita por Euvaldo Bringel Olinda, presidente do Instituto Frutal e da Cmara Setorial da Fruticultura do Cear, que tambm o maior produtor individual desta fruta, juntamente com o grupo portugus Plurinvest, em Trairi, na faixa litornea daquele Estado. A sua rea tem 120 hectares e j mais antiga, com 14 anos, sem ampliao recente. Localiza-se numa regio que tem certa tradio na cultura, especialmente com pequenos produtores. Porm, no Sul do maior Estado produtor, a Bahia, que se verifica um movimento mais forte de incremento nos ltimos anos, especialmente junto a propriedades produtoras de cacau. Conforme divulga a Empresa Baiana de Desenvolvimento Agrcola (EBDA), vinculada Secretaria de Agricultura, Irrigao e Reforma Agrria (Seagri), o fruto est presente na maioria dos pomares do Sul e desponta como forte gerador de renda para os agricultores familiares. Os ltimos dados estatsticos conhecidos sobre a graviola no Brasil datam de 2006 (Censo Agropecurio IBGE): apontam entre 1.500 a 1.600 hectares plantados e 5,1 a 5,5 milhes de frutos produzidos anualmente. Entre os estados, Bahia, Pernambuco e Cear, juntos com outros do Nordeste, se sobressaem, enquanto no Norte o Amazonas aparece na frente. Nmeros mais recentes so revelados pela EBDA na Bahia, dando conta de que apenas a sua rea j atingiria 1.300 hectares, 510 dos quais no municpio de Wenceslau Guimares, no Baixo Sul, seguido por Presidente Tancredo Neves, Ibirapitanga e Una. Na regio tm sido realizados eventos de incentivo cultura, como o 1 Simpsio Baiano de Graviola, em abril de 2012, na cidade de Ipia, e o Seminrio Viabilizao Econmica da Graviola, em julho, em Gandu. Organizados pela Comisso Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (Ceplac), tm a participao de diversas entidades, como o Servio de Apoio s Pequenas e Micro Empresas (Sebrae). De acordo com Marcelo Leite, analista da instituio, prope-se fortalecer o agronegcio desta fruta juntamente com a sustentabilidade da cacauicultura. Na mesma linha vem sendo implementado o Projeto Fruticultura Agropolo do Vale Rio de Contas, integrando as agroindstrias. n
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A caracterizao da produo e do mercado da graviola na Bahia foi tema de dissertao apresentada por Afonso Lcio Gomes Estrela de Freitas em 2012 na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (Uesb). Reitera tambm perspectivas apresentadas pela Agncia de Defesa Sanitria (Adab), de que o cultivo da fruta vem crescendo no Estado, em condies de se destacar inclusive em mbito mundial na atividade. Em nvel geral, ainda conforme Euvaldo Bringel Olinda, do Instituto Frutal, tem ocorrido maior valorizao. O consumo interno do fruto igualmente cresce, inclusive na chamada nova cozinha, assim como o destino externo, por meio de itens industrializados. Euvaldo constata processo gradual de avano no manejo, nos tratos culturais e nas tecnologias, com maior uso de material orgnico e de irrigao. Seu filho, Daniel, por outro lado, ao cursar universidade americana, identificou oportunidade de investir em derivados da planta com finalidade teraputica, diante da existncia, na fruta, da substncia acetogenina, e sua possibilidade de auxiliar no tratamento de cncer. Daniel acompanha estudos da Universidade Federal do Cear sobre ch da folha e cpsulas de graviola, ainda em avaliao na Agncia Nacional de Vigilncia Sanitria (Anvisa), e j trata da implantao de empresa para atuar na rea.
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NOVOS APROVEITAMENTOS
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Graviola is a new flavor among tropical fruits, highly appreciated by consumers, and could become an option for family farmers
Northeast of the Country, but not yet displayed in statistical reports, the graviola fruit belongs to the custardapple family (but is much bigger in size, a kind of sturdy cousin weighing up to 10 kilos) and is now becoming known and arousing interest from more distant places. This stems from the discovery of new flavors of tropical fruits, in parallel with soaring tourism and logistic advances, particularly with regard to fruit conservation and quality processing. This is the opinion of Euvaldo Bringel Olinda, president of the Frutal Institute and of the Cear State Fruit Sectoral Chamber, and he is also the largest individual grower of this fruit, along with the Portuguese Group Plurinvest, in Trairi, along the coastal area of the State. He devotes 120 hectares to this fruit, now in operation for 14 years, without any expansions lately. It is located in a region with certain tradition in this crop, especially among small-scale farmers. However, it is in the southern portion of Bahia, leading producer
in Brazil, where a trend towards crop expansions have taken place over the past years, particularly involving cocoa farmers. According to the Bahia State Agricultural Development Company (EBDA), linked to the Secretariat of Agriculture, Irrigation and Land Reform (Seagri), this fruit is present in most orchards in the South and it stands as a potential generator of income for family farmers. Latest data about graviola released in Brazil date back to 2006 (Census of Agriculture by IBGE), and they refer to 1,500 to 1,600 hectares devoted to the crop and 5.1 to 5.5 million fruits produced annually. States where the fruit is mostly produced include Bahia, Pernambuco and Cear, along with some northeastern states, while in the North, the Amazon State is the main producer. More recent numbers are released by the EBDA, in Bahia, referring to 1,300 hectares devoted to the fruit in the state alone, of which, 510 hectares in the municipality of Wenceslau Guimares, in Baixo Sul, followed by Presidente Tancredo Neves, Ibirapitanga and Una. The region has been the venue for events promoting the crop, like the First Graviola Symposium in Bahia, in April 2012, in the town of Ipia, and the Seminar Economic Viability of the Graviola, in July, in Gandu. Organized by the Executive Committee of the Cocoa Farming Plan (Ceplac), it counts on the participation of several entities, like the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae). According to Marcelo Leite, analyst with the institution, the idea is to strengthen the agribusiness side of the fruit, along with sustainable cocoa farming operations. The River Contas Valley Agrohub Fruit Farming Project, integrating all agroindustries. n
CEAR IS HOME TO THE LARGEST indiVidual GroWer, and South Bahia is GaininG MoMentuM
GOOD PULP Graviola is a fruit with white pulp, with a
mild flavor and slightly acid flavor. It can be consumed fresh, but it is generally destined for the production of sweets, jellies, juices, ice-cream, yogurts, medicines, cosmetics and others. Back in the 1990s, the Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa) mentioned the soaring demand and great interest in the pulp, by both consumers and industries. In the recent past, fresh graviola sales have gained momentum. In 2011, the Bahia State Food Company (Ebal) ascertained the arrival of 52 tons to the Salvador Supply Center, up 350% from 2005. Information released in 2011, by Embrapa Tropical Agriculture, based in Fortaleza, in turn, strengthen the ever increasing socioeconomic role of annonaceae crops, particularly graviola, in light of rising demand for tropical fruit, their use in the pharmaceutical industry, the value of the product and the fact that the fruit is working its way into the European and North-American markets.
The characterization of the production of graviola and its market in Bahia was the subject of the dissertation presented by Afonso Lcio Gomes Estrela de Freitas, in 2012, at the Southwest Bahia State University (Uesb). The dissertation also refers to the perspectives presented by the Sanitary Surveillance Agency (Adab), pointing to the rising trend of the crop throughout the State, even in a position to work its way into the international scenario. At a general level, according to Euvaldo Bringel Olinda, of the Frutal Institute, the fruit has been gaining momentum. Domestic consumption is equally soaring, even in the so-called New Kitchen, while destination abroad is following suit, particularly in the form of industrialized items. Euvaldo is ascertaining gradual strides in management practices, growing methods and technologies, mainly in terms of the use of organic matter and irrigation systems. His son Daniel, on the other hand, as a North-American college student, is taking the opportunity to invest in derivatives of the plant for therapeutic purposes, once the fruit contains a substance known as acetogenine, and its cancer-curing properties. Daniel is following closely studies conducted at the Cear State Federal University on tea made from the leaves of the plant and graviola capsules, still undergoing an assessment process at the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and is already taking the necessary steps to set up a company to operate in this area.
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NEW USES
De boM TAMAnHO
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Segmento das pequenas frutas constitui boa alternativa de renda para os produtores brasileiros e j cria oportunidades valiosas para o Pas
ou entre as mos, as pequenas frutas parecem frgeis e indefesas. Em terras brasileiras, no entanto, elas representam grandes chances para fruticultores vidos por alternativas e oferecem possibilidades de investir em um produto diferenciado. De acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), com exceo do morango, o Brasil ainda possui volume de produo pequeno, sem possibilidade de mensur-lo estatisticamente. Entre os estados produtores, contudo, Rio Grande do Sul e So Paulo lideram o ranking. Atualmente, as principais espcies de pequenas frutas cultivadas no Brasil so o morangueiro, a amora preta e o mirtilo, afirma a pesquisadora Maria do Carmo Raseira, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, de Pelotas (RS). Ela salienta que alguns ainda consideram, no grupo, a fisalis (Physalis). Em territrio nacional h tambm pequena rea com framboesa, localizada principalmente em Vacaria (RS) e Campos do Jordo (SP) e expandindo-se em Minas Gerais, na regio de Senador Amaral. As pequenas frutas tm alto valor agregado. Segundo o Ibraf, no mercado interno seu consumo apresenta crescimento, mas ele ainda restrito aos grandes centros consumidores, como So Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, devido ao alto preo da fruta, e por ser bastante perecvel. n
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PARA FORA
mirtilo. Apesar disso, os brasileiros apostam cada vez mais nessas espcies. Em 2005, havia mais de 20 mil hectares plantados com amora preta em todo mundo, com aumento de 45% em relao a 1995, aponta Maria do Carmo. No Brasil, segundo estimativas de 2011, so mais de 273 hectares com amoreira e pouco mais de 270 hectares com mirtilo, concentrados nas regies Sul e Sudeste. A produo das pequenas no interessa apenas ao fruticultor familiar, que pode ter bom rendimento em reas reduzidas. A pesquisadora Maria do Carmo afirma que empresas, bem organizadas e
conhecedoras do mercado internacional, esto cada vez mais empenhadas em produzir e exportar estas frutas. Alm de comercializadas in natura, tambm podem ser utilizadas como produtos industrializados em congelados, iogurtes, sorvetes, geleias e sucos. Por outro lado, a amora preta e o mirtilo, por exemplo, tm grande apelo no mercado mundial devido aos benefcios para a sade. Porm, no Brasil, o conhecimento dos consumidores sobre estas espcies e seus potenciais ainda muito pequeno. Espera-se, sobretudo, que haja evoluo neste sentido, pontua Maria do Carmo.
SiZable SHARE
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Segment of small fruits is a good income alternative for the Brazilian producers and has already created valuable opportunities for the Country
on the kitchen tables or even in the hands, small fruits look frail and defenseless. In the Brazilian orchards, nonetheless, they stand as great chances for fruit farmers eager for alternatives and offer opportunities for investments in a different product. According to the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), with the exception of strawberries, small fruit production in Brazil is still negligible, and no statistical data are available. Among the producing states, Rio Grande do Sul and So Paulo lead the ranking. Currently, the main small fruit species grown in Brazil are strawberries, blackberries and myrtles, says researcher Maria do Carmo Raseira, of Embrapa Temperate Climate, in Pelotas (RS). She points out that some people include the Physalis in the group. The national territory is also home to a small area planted to raspberry, located in the counties of Vacaria (RS) and Campos do Jordo (SP) and now moving to Minas Gerais, in the Senador Amaral region. There is big added value in small fruits. According to Ibraf sources, in the domestic market consumption is on an upward trend, but it is still restricted to big consumer centers, like So Paulo and de Janeiro, due to the high price of the fruit, which is also rather perishable. n
In the orchards,
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Produo Integrada Agropecuria (PI Brasil) j dispe de normas especficas para o cultivo e a certificao de duas dezenas de frutferas
responsvel e ainda obter bom rendimento? As respostas so encontradas aderindo Produo Integrada Agropecuria (PI Brasil), desenvolvida pelo Ministrio da Agricultura, Pecuria e Abastecimento (Mapa). A adeso do produtor voluntria. Ao optar pelo modelo, ele ter que cumprir as normas tcnicas de cada cultura ou grupo de culturas. Elas esto relacionadas capacitao de trabalhadores rurais, ao monitoramento da lavoura e rastreabilidade social e ambiental. Desde 2000 o Mapa destinou R$ 26 milhes em projetos, que envolvem 30 cadeias produtivas agrcolas em diferentes regies do Brasil. Nos ltimos 10 anos, o sistema vem sendo adotado principalmente na fruticultura, destaca Rosilene Ferreira Souto, chefe da Diviso de Fruticultura da Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Agropecurio e Cooperativismo, do Mapa. Atualmente, conforme ela, o Pas dispe de normas tcnicas especficas, que possibilitam a certificao de aproximadamente 20 frutferas. As espcies normatizadas pela PI Brasil so mamo, banana, caju, pssego, maracuj, goiaba, citros, figo, ma, uva, manga, morango, abacaxi, goiaba, caqui e melo. De acordo com Rosilene, as normas de certificao esto sendo seguidas em algumas reas destinadas ao cultivo de ma, melo, pssego, limo, uva, manga, banana e morango. Esto em fase de desenvolvimento ou implementao as normas especficas para ameixa, mangaba, nectarina, uva para processamento, guaran e anonceas (graviola, fruta-do-conde, birib, atemoia e outras). Em agosto de 2012, produtores de morango de So Paulo comearam a colher os primeiros frutos marcados com o selo Brasil Certificado Agricultura de Qualidade. O processo comeou h seis anos em reas de produo de morangos que apresentavam problemas de excesso de resduos de agrotxicos, como em municpios do Esprito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul e So Paulo. Os produtores so auditados por empresas certificadoras credenciadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro). O Projeto Produo Integrada do Morango (PIMo) foi coordenado pela pesquisadora Fagoni Calegario, da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, de Jaguarina (SP). A iniciativa promoveu a reduo de custos com o menor uso de agrotxico. O nmero de aplicaes de determinado produto passou de 12 para apenas duas ao ms, enfatiza. Para a pesquisadora, o desafio sensibilizar os responsveis pela elaborao de polticas pblicas para duas necessidades urgentes: a divulgao do selo, para que seja conhecido pelos consumidores; e a elaborao de programas de fomento para produtores rurais. n
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DIVULGAO
obter a certificao e garantir a disponibilidade do produto no mercado consumidor. Aps, a campanha ser ampliada para tornar o modelo conhecido entre os consumidores brasileiros, que podero exigir produtos certificados e com a garantia de segurana alimentar. Estas aes precisam ser feitas com bom planejamento, para evitar a frustrao de segmentos que incentivam e
valorizam estes alimentos, esclarece Rosilene. Os produtos tambm esto sendo promovidos em feiras internacionais, visando a divulgao da certificao oficial da PI no Brasil, em parceria com a Secretaria de Relaes Internacionais do Mapa. O modelo brasileiro foi criado nos moldes da PI na Europa, onde se tornou um pr-requisito das produes agrcolas de qualidade.
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Integrated Agricultural Production (PI Brasil) has its own specific standards for the cultivation and certification of a score of fruit trees
responsible manner and still make good profits? The responses lie in the adhesion to the Integrated Agricultural Production (PI Brasil), developed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA). Adhesion is on a volunteer basis. By opting for the model, the farmers will have to comply with the technical standards of every crop or group of crops. They are related to the qualification of the rural workers, field monitoring and social and environmental traceability. Since 2000 the ministry of agriculture has already invested R$ 26 million in projects, which involve 30 supply chains in different regions throughout Brazil. Over the past 10 years, the system has become popular particularly with fruit farming, says Rosilene Ferreira Souto, head of the Fruit Division of Mapas Secretariat of Agricultural Development and Cooperativism. Currently, according to her, the Country has in place specific standards that pave the way for the certification of approximately 20 fruit species. The species standardized by the PI Brasil are as follows: papaya, banana, cashew nut, peach, passion fruit, guava, citrus, fig, apple, grape, mango, strawberry, pineapple, persimmon and melon. Rosilene maintains that the standards are being complied with in some areas devoted to apples, melons, peaches, lemons, grapes, mangoes, bananas and strawberries. Still in their development and implementation stage are the specific standards for the following fruits: plums,
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mangaba, nectarines, grapes for processing, guaran and annonaceae (graviola, custard apple, birib, atemoia and others). In August 2012, strawberry growers in So Paulo started to harvest the first fruits bearing the Certified Brazil Quality Agriculture label. The process dates back to six years ago in areas devoted to the production of strawberries where excessive pesticide residues had been detected, like in some municipalities of the States of Esprito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul and So Paulo. The farmers are audited by certified companies accredited by the National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality (Inmetro). The Integrated Strawberry Production Project (ISPP) was coordinated by researcher Fagoni Calegario, of Embrapa Environment, in Jaguarina (SP). The initiative resulted into smaller production costs through the reduction of pesticide applications. The number of applications of a certain chemical fell from 12 a month to only two, he stresses. In the researchers view, the challenge consists in convincing the people in charge of coming up with public policies about two urgent needs: publicity of the label, so as to get the farmers acquainted with it; and the creation of fostering programs for rural producers. n
Consumidor brasileiro acorda para a importncia da certificao de frutas in natura e produtos processados a partir delas, de olho na qualidade
CoM PEDIGREE
brasileira comea a aderir a uma tendncia mundial. A certificao de produtos in natura e processados transforma-se em alternativa de diferenciao para a valorizao perante clientes mais exigentes. De acordo com o gerente tcnico do Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ), Cloves Ribeiro Neto, a adoo de certificaes um ato de livre adeso dos fruticultores e das indstrias. Conforme o representante da entidade, a escolha dos selos a serem ostentados depende do mercado que se pretende atingir, e deve contemplar itens como rastreabilidade, segurana alimentar, proteo ambiental e do trabalhador. A certificao exigncia dos compradores, no de forma obrigatria, mas comercial, para adquirirem produtos com garantias, principalmente na segurana alimentar, explica. Conforme Ribeiro Neto, o produtor certificado, de certa forma, adquire preferncia do comprador em relao a outro que no disponha do mesmo status. O representante do Ibraf destaca que, constantemente, tanto o setor pblico quanto o privado tm buscado inserir a cultura das Boas Prticas Agrcolas (BPA)
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para melhoria contnua das frutas e dos derivados oferecidos aos consumidores, cuja etapa final a certificao. O Brasil possui diversidade de certificaes de origem pblica e privada. Entretanto, so poucas em vigor, porque ainda no existe demanda significativa dos consumidores por produtos certificados. A exceo so os produtos orgnicos e das grandes redes de varejo, que possuem suas prprias certificaes. As fornecidas pelo governo so a PI Brasil (antigamente conhecida como PIF Produo Integrada de Frutas) e a Orgnicos Brasil, voltada produo orgnica. J as certificaes privadas so a maioria no Pas. Entre elas destacam-se GlobalGap, Fruta Sustentvel, selos de redes varejistas, como Grupo Po de Acar e Carrefour; e certificaes para o mundo rabe (Halal e Kocher, para produtos processados). Existem tambm as certificaes especficas de redes varejistas internacionais, como a Natures Choice, da Tesco. Dentre as mencionadas, Ribeiro Neto destaca como a mais conhecida e utilizada a GlobalGap (boas prticas agrcolas para frutas frescas) e os certificados especficos da Tesco. Mais recentemente, tambm temos tido a valorizao de certificados e selos que contemplam a sustentabilidade e as questes socioambientais, finaliza o representante do Ibraf. n
Brazilian consumers are waking up to the importance of certified fresh fruit and fruit-based products, with an eye towards qualit
With PEDIGREE
farming starts to adhere to a global trend. The certification of fresh and processed fruits has become a valuable alternative for discerning clients. According to the technical manager of the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ), Cloves Ribeiro Neto, the adoption of certifications is a free decision made by both fruit farmers and industries. According to the entitys representative, the selection of the labels to be displayed depends on the market that is to be conquered, and should include items like traceability, food safety, environment and worker protection. Certification is a buyers demand, not in mandatory manner, but from a commercial side, aimed at the acquisition of guaranteed products, especially with regard to food safety, he explains. According to Ribeiro Neto, certified farmers, in a way, are preferred to non-certified ones. The Ibraf representative also stresses that, for a long time now, both the private and the public sector have been adhering to Best Agricultural Practices (BAP) clearly intended on enhancing the fruits and derivatives supplied to the consumers, with certification being the final stage.
Brazil boasts a variety of certifications of public and private origin. Nonetheless, only a few of them are in force, because there is no significant demand for certified products from the consumer side. The exception lies in organic products, and products supplied by huge retail chains, which take advantage of their own certification systems. Government certifications include PI Brazil in the past known as PIF Integrated Fruit Production) and Organics Brazil, focused on organic produce. There are several private certifications throughout the Country. The major ones are GlobalGap, Sustainable Fruit, labels of retail chains, like Grupo Po de Acar and Carrefour; and certifications for the Arab world (Halal and Kocher, for processed products). There are also certifications specific to international retail chains, like Natures Choice, of Tesco. Among the above mentioned certifications, Ribeiro Neto maintains that GlobalGap (best agricultural practices for fresh fruit) and the specific Tesco certifications are the best known and most used certifications. Recently, we have witnessed the introduction of sustainability and environmental certifications, the Ibraf representative concludes. n
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O GOSTO e o suMo
Apesar do recuo nas exportaes e da decorrente queda no faturamento, o suco de laranja brasileiro segue como o mais consumido do planeta
dos produtores e exportadores mundiais de suco de laranja. A primeira posio no ranking pode ser confirmada pela seguinte anlise: a cada cinco copos da bebida consumidos no planeta, trs tm procedncia verde-amarela. Apesar de manter-se frente, o Pas diminuiu a quantidade exportada em 2012: foram negociadas 1.096.593 de toneladas de suco de laranja FCOJ (suco concentrado congelado) equivalente, com reduo de 5% em relao a 2011. A Associao Nacional dos Exportadores de Sucos Ctricos (CitrusBR) atribui a queda nas vendas externas a um problema estrutural da cadeia citrcola, que enfrenta a reduo do consumo mundial de suco de laranja, principalmente devido concorrncia acirrada com outras bebidas, como energticos, powerdrinks, ice tea, e guas com sabores. A CitrusBR menciona ainda as duas ltimas grandes safras. Somente no ciclo 2011/12, a produo foi de 428 milhes de caixas de laranja; e a expectativa para a temporada 2012/13 de 364 milhes de caixas. Os estoques globais brasileiros chegaram a 662 mil toneladas, o que faria com que boa parte da produo
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Despite shrinking exports and smaller revenues, Brazilian orange juice still is the most popular in the world
list of orange juice producers and exporters. The top position is attested by the following analysis: three out of every five glasses of juice consumed in the world come from Brazil. Despite ranking first, the Country exported less juice in 2012: negotiations involved 1,096,593 tons of FCOJ (frozen concentrated organ juice) equivalent, down 5% from 2011. The Brazilian Association of Citrus Juice Exporters (CitrusBR) attributes the declining foreign sales to a structural problem of the citrus supply chain, which is now facing a decrease in global consumption of orange juice, due to tight competition from other beverages, powerdrinks, ice tea and flavored waters. CitrusBR officials also refer to the two past bumper crops. In the 2011/12 cycle alone, production reached 428 million boxes of oranges; the expectation for the 2012/13 cycle is for 364 million boxes. Brazils global stocks amounted to 662 thousand tons, leading to a situation at which a great deal of the production volumes found no buyers. In light of this fact, farmers and industries called on the federal govern-
ment for a solution. Among the measures set forth, the Special Orange Credit Line (SOCL) was delayed. This prevented part of the juice from being negotiated, thus preventing prices from plummeting. To this end, the companies assumed the commitment to purchase 40 million boxes of oranges, which would otherwise remain unsold. Furthermore, the federal government entrusted the National Supply Company (Conab) with the creation of orange buying mechanisms through public auctions. These measures managed to reduce the initial losses from the estimated 80 million orange boxes to 30 to 40 million boxes, in February 2013. Such a reality affected the income of the segment, which experienced a slight reduction in 2012, estimated at US$ 2,276,437,055.00, compared to 2011. Nonetheless, two events helped with keeping the juice prices at a good level: the smaller crop in Florida and the previously mentioned delay in the SOCL, which determined that a certain quantity of the stock should not be traded. Such a measure prevented the market from being flooded with orange juice, which would obviously have resulted in lower prices. n
GLObAL ORAnGE jUICE COnSUMPTIOn is noW under CoMpetition FroM other beVeraGes
ANOTHER BOTTLENECK The US embargo on Brazilian concentrated orange juice, on account of the presence of residues of the carbendazim fungicide, started in early 2012 and, according to CitrusPlus, this made exports to that country recede
19.1%, or 165.7 thousand tons in 2011 to 134.1 thousand tons in 2012. In light of this obstacle, the companies decided to interrupt their exports to the United States until the fungicide problem has been totally surmounted. Ever since the recommendation for the farmers was to stop applying the said fungicide and the companies themselves started the withdrawal process of the fungicide from their own orchards. Every industry is in a position to resume their exports in accordance with their own strategies.
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SeM ESTRESSE
Prontos para beber, sucos e nctares de fruta aumentaram participao de mercado em 2011 devido a fatores como a praticidade no consumo
aquisitivo das classes C e D vem causando importante transformao no segmento de sucos. Aliado praticidade para consumo e aos preos mais acessveis, as bebidas prontas para beber sucos e nctares esto aumentando sua participao no mercado, enquanto as concentradas e em p diminuem sua presena. A avaliao do consultor do Ncleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Associao Brasileira das Indstrias de Refrigerantes e de Bebidas No Alcolicas (Abir), Igor Castro. Baseado em dados de 2011, ele revela que os sucos e os nctares tiveram
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O aumento no poder
aumento de 15%; j as bebidas em p cresceram apenas 0,6% e as concentradas registraram queda de 5%. Castro estima que a tendncia se manter nos resultados de 2012. De acordo com o consultor, na categoria sucos, a laranja seguiu imbatvel, com 66,4% do total produzido. Entre os nctares, o de pssego lidera, com 16,1%. No segmento de xaropes e de sucos concentrados, a laranja aparece novamente na ponta de cima da tabela, com 21,5% do total produzido. E, encerrando o ranking de 2011, na categoria de refrescos em p, a laranja mais uma vez desponta com o maior percentual, de 37,5%. Conforme o representante da entidade, as bebidas base de soja, enquadradas na categoria de alimentos, tambm vm apresentando crescimento: a variao positiva foi de 14% em 2011, na comparao com 2010, com produo de 304.529.000 litros e faturamento de R$ 1.084.905.000. A tendncia para 2012 de 10% de incremento. Na avaliao de Igor Castro, em 2012, devido grande disponibilidade de laranjas no mercado brasileiro, a produo de sucos com a fruta apresentou crescimento acima da mdia. Para 2013, a Abir prev avano moderado nos segmentos de sucos e nctares. n
No STRESS
Ready-to-drink juices and nectars conquered bigger market shares in 2011 due to such factors as ease of handling and practicability
1,084,905,000. The trend for 2012 is for a 10-percent increase. of classes C and D has been responsible for transformations Igor Castro understands that, in 2012, due to the surplus of in the juice segments. Besides being very practical when it comes oranges in the domestic market, the production of orange juice to consumption, along with affordable prices, the ready-to-drink experienced an above average increase. For 2013, Abir sources beverages juices and nectars are conquering bigger market foresee modest advances in the segments of juices and nectars.n shares, while concentrates and drink PANORAMA > panoraMa powders are losing ground. The evaluation is by Igor Castro, conmERcADO DE SUcOS nO BRASIL sultant with the Development and ReItem Variao entre Vol. 2011 Faturamento Tendncia search Nucleus of the Brazilian Associa 2011/10 (1.000 l) 2011(US$ 1.000) 2012 tion of Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Soft Sucos e nctares 5% 586.079 1.491.605 +10% Drink Industries. (Abir), Igor Castro. RelySucos em p 0,6% 3.460.991 1.137.294 -2% ing on data released in 2011, he reveals Sucos concentrados -5% 527.538 241.171 -5% that sales of juices and nectars soared Fonte: Abir 15%; in the meantime, drink powders went up only 0.6% and concentrates regDIVERSIDADE > diVersitY istered a drop of 5%. Castro has it that the VARIEDADES pRODUZIDAS - 2011 trend will hold true for the 2012 results. According to the consultant, in the Suco Nctar Xarope concentrado Refresco juice category, it was the orange juice e suco em p that remained undefeated, with 66.4% of Abacaxi 9,6% - 7,7% 10,5% the total. Among the nectars, peaches are Goiaba - 8,5% 6,9% 1,4% leading with 16.1%. In the segment of syrGuaran - - - 1,2% ups and juice concentrates, oranges are Laranja 66,4% 15,6% 21,5% 37,5% again on the top of the list, with 21.5% of Limo 1,3% - - 7,4% the total. Finally, in the category of juice Ma - 5,9% - powders, it is again the orange that stands Manga 0,8% 11,1% 12,1% 9,7% out with the highest percentage, 37.5%. Maracuj 11,7% 12,2% 14,9% 7,3% According to the representative of the Mistura de sabores 1,4% 1,9% - 6,5% entity, soybean-based beverages, which Morango 0,4% 4,2% - 6% fall into the food category, are also on a Outros sabores 1% 11,2% 23% 6,1% rising trend: sales were up 14% in 2011, Pssego 1,4% 16,1% - compared to 2010, with the production Uva 6% 13,3% 13,9% 6,4% of 304,529,000 liters and revenue of R$ Fonte: Abir
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NinGuM RESISTE
Projeto incentiva consumo de suco de uva integral, aumentando as vendas internas e as exportaes do produto, considerado benfico sade
exportao de suco de uva concentrado, forma que permite o acabamento da bebida no local de destino. Em 2009, no entanto, comeou a ser trabalhado um projeto que visa agregar valor maior ao produto, vendendo-o na forma integral. Batizada de 100% Suco de Uva do Brasil, a iniciativa resulta de parceria do Instituto Brasileiro do Vinho (Ibravin) com o Instituto Brasileiro de Frutas (Ibraf ) e com a Agncia Brasileira de Promoo de Exportaes e Investimentos (Apex-Brasil). Mesmo que a distncia em relao ao suco concentrado ainda seja enorme, as primeiras aes do projeto j surtiram efeito. As exportaes de suco integral vm aumentando a cada
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ano. Em 2012, o volume embarcado foi 29,32% superior ao do perodo anterior, chegando a 83.154 quilos, com faturamento de US$ 224,4 mil, crescimento de 19,21%. Nesse mesmo ciclo, as vendas de concentrado recuaram 45,52% na quantidade e 51,79% na receita obtida, fechando em 2,390 milhes de quilos e US$ 7,495 milhes. Conforme o analista de promoo do Ibravin, Edgar Sinigaglia Jnior, o projeto engloba tanto aes no exterior quanto no mercado interno. A inteno divulgar o suco integral entre os consumidores e tambm entre os formadores de opinio, conta. Em 2012, o produto foi apresentado a provveis clientes durante a Gulfood, realizada em fevereiro nos Emirados rabes Unidos. Tambm foram enviadas misses comerciais ao Catar e a Cuba. O suco de uva integral ainda esteve presente em eventos de moda, literrios, esportivos e outros ligados sade, como congressos mdicos. Uma das aes foi direcionada s crianas, tendo sido realizada em escolas de Curitiba. NOVOS VOOS Em 2012, um personagem passou a representar o projeto. O Vavu um pssaro que possui as penas roxas e um canudinho no bico. Ele s se alimenta de suco de uva integral. O objetivo dos idealizadores criar uma identificao com as crianas e divulgar os benefcios do consumo da bebida. n
IRRESISTIbLE
Project encourages the consumption of healthenhancing whole grape juice, pushing up sales in the domestic market and shipments abroad
of grape juice concentrate, which receives it finishing touch at destination. In 2009, a project was set up with the intention to add more value to the product, selling it as a whole beverage. Referred to as 100% Brazilian Grape Juice, the initiative results from a partnership of the Brazilian Wine Institute (Ibravin) with the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ) and with the Brazilian Trade and Investments Promotion Agency (Apex-Brasil). Although still a long way from juice concentrate, the first initiatives of the project have already yielded good results. Exports of whole juices have been rising year after year. In 2012, shipments abroad were up 29.32% from the previous year, amounting to 83,154 kilos, bringing in revenue of US$ 224.4 thousand, representing an increase of 19.21%. During this same cycle, juice concentrate sales receded 45.52% in quantity and 51.79% in revenue, totaling 2.390 million kilos and US$ 7.495 million. According to Ibravins promotion analyst, Edgar Sinigaglia Jnior, the project comprises initiatives at home and abroad. The idea is to promote the whole juice among the consumers and among the opinion makers, he comments. In 2012, the product was introduced to possible clients during the Gulfood, held in February in the United Arab Emirates. Commercial delegations were also sent to Catar and Cuba. Whole grape juice was also present at fashion, literary, sports and health events, like medical conferences. One of the initiatives was geared towards the children, and was conducted in schools located in Curitiba. NEW FLIGHTS In 2012, a character began to represent the project. The Vavu is a bird with purple feathers and a drinking straw in its beak. It only feeds on whole grape juice. The objective of the idealizers is to create an identification with children and promote the benefits of the drink. n
Volume (kg) Receita (US$) 64.300 188.311,00 83.154 224.493,00 Volume (kg) Receita (US$) 4.387.815 15.549.372,00 2.390.269 7.495.340,00
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Sem limites para sonhar. E concretizar. Esse o lema da pesquisa, que comea a viabilizar o cultivo de frutas temperadas no semirido nordestino
acontecem a partir daquilo que se julga impossvel, como disse Charles Chaplin, os cientistas seguem a regra ao p-da-letra para subverter a lgica estabelecida e promover revolues nos mais variados campos do conhecimento. No agronegcio no diferente: eventualmente surgem inovaes que mudam conceitos e, no jargo comum, quebram paradigmas. Para a pesquisa, o impossvel s um novo desafio. Como o cultivo da soja no Cerrado era visto h alguns anos. H menos de uma dcada tambm era considerado impossvel cultivar frutas de clima temperado no semirido nordestino. O verbo est no passado, pois o pesquisador Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, da Embrapa Semirido, de Petrolina (PE), e produtores da regio, mudaram a realidade. Pernambuco surpreendeu ao consolidar, nos anos 90, um polo de produo de vinhos em clima tropical, no Vale do So Francisco, bem diferente da fria Serra gacha, referncia nacional. Entre os anos de 1980 e 1990, o Vale do So Francisco, na divisa dos estados da Bahia e de Pernambuco, tornou-se referencial brasileiro em fruticultura, com polos importantes de produo de uvas de mesa, manga e coco, entre outras frutas tropicais. E em 2013, a regio celebra os resultados positivos dos primeiros cultivos comerciais de frutas de clima temperado. Mas, peras, caquis e mirtilo mudam as paisagens do semirido. A inovao no se restringe adaptao das frutas de clima frio ao Nordeste. Cacaueiro, mangosto e rambut, tradicionalmente presentes no Norte do Pas, de clima mido, tambm ocupam reas experimentais no semirido. As pesquisas tm apoio da Companhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do So Francisco e Parnaba (Codevasf ) e visam identificar opes de cultivo nas zonas irrigadas do Nordeste. Os experimentos e as reas comerciais esto no Vale do So Francisco (na Bahia e em Pernambuco) e no Cear. Os resultados iniciais so positivos, com algumas variedades dando tima resposta produtiva e qualidade de fruto. Uma vantagem dos cultivos a colheita em poca diferente da do Sul e do Sudeste, o que valoriza os frutos. Estas janelas de mercado viabilizam a comercializao regional a preo que supera o custo de produo, relata o pesquisador Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. Este um dos potenciais de sucesso da iniciativa, e motivo que levou o produtor Ernesto Emori a investir em pomares de ma e pera na Serra da Ibiapaba, no Cear. Por ora, cultiva apenas meio hectare de ma e meio de pera. Os pomares so formados por seis variedades de ma e 16 de pera. Na regio serrana, com 800 metros de altitude e baixas temperaturas noturnas, a ma tem produzido bem. Vamos seguir avaliando. Se der certo, podemos ampliar a rea, diz o produtor de abacate e acerola. n
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Dreams have no limits. Making them come true. This is the driving force behind research, which now makes growing temperate fruit trees a viable proposition for the northeastern semiarid
start from what is deemed impossible, as Charles Chaplin said, scientists are following this rule to the letter so as to subvert the established logics and promote revolutions in an array of knowledge fields. Things are not different in agribusiness: occasionally, there are innovations that change concepts and, as far as jargon goes, they disrupt paradigms. For research, impossible is just one more challenge. Just like soybean cultivations were viewed in the Cerrado regions up to some years ago. Less than a decade ago, growing temperate fruits in the northeastern semiarid was seen as impossible. The verb is in the past tense, because researcher Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, of Embrapa Semiarid, in Petrolina (PE), and local farmers, have changed this reality. In the 1990s, the state of Pernambuco surprisingly consolidated a wine production hub in tropical climate, in Vale do So Francisco, quite different from the national reference but chilly Sierra Gaucha. During the 1980 1990 decade, Vale do So Francisco, at the borders of the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, turned into a Brazilian fruit growing reference, with important production belts of table grapes, mangoes, coconut, and other tropical fruits. In 2013, the region is celebrating the positive results of the first commercial cultivations of temperature climate fruits. Apples, pears, persimmons and myrtle have changed the landscape across the semiarid.
The innovation is not restricted to the adaptation of cold climate fruits to the Northeast. Cocoa trees, big mangoes and rambut, traditionally present in the North of the Country, where climate conditions are very humid, are also occupying trial fields in the semiarid. All research works rely on financial grants from the So Francisco and Parnaba Valleys Development Company (Codevasf ) and are aimed at identifying cultivation options in the northeastern irrigated zones. All experiments and commercial areas are located in Vale do So Francisco ( Bahia and Pernambuco) and in the state of Cear. Initial results have proved positive, with some varieties excelling in production and fruit quality. One of the advantages of these cultivations is the fact that they are harvested when it is off-season time in the South and Southeast, adding value to the fruits. These market windows result into regional sales at prices that exceed the production cost, comments researcher Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. There is potential success in the initiative, and it is also the reason that convinced farmer Ernesto Emori to invest in apple and pear orchards in the Serra da Ibiapaba region, state of Cear. To begin with, he devotes only half a hectare to apples and half a hectare to pears. In the orchards, he grows six varieties of apples and 16 varieties of pears. In the sierra region, at an altitude of 800 meters and low temperatures by night, apples have performed well. We will continue keeping a close watch on the results. If things turn out right, we will be able to expand the area, says the avocado and acerola grower. n
UM p DE QU?
Pesquisador da Embrapa enfrentou o desafio de convencer produtores, apoiadores e os prprios colegas cientistas da validade do seu esforo
Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, da Embrapa Semirido, de Petrolina (PE), surgiu com a proposta de desenvolver pesquisas a fim de produzir frutas de clima temperado no Nordeste, houve resistncias. Muitos duvidavam de que fosse possvel cultivar, mesmo em ambiente irrigado, com qualidade, escala e custos de produo compatveis para comercializar as frutas, reconhece. Mas, com o apoio da Embrapa, da Companhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do So Francisco e Parnaba (Codevasf ) e de alguns produtores, a ideia ganhou corpo e virou projeto. Havia uma base cientfica alicerando a proposta. Muitos produtores tomaram conhecimento do projeto em eventos da
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Quando o pesquisador
Embrapa, dentro da rea experimental onde as fruteiras j produziam, diz o pesquisador. Inicialmente olhados com desconfiana, Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes e sua proposta de produzir no Nordeste frutos de outros ambientes brasileiros tornaram-se referncia. Francisco Zuza de Oliveira, ex-presidente da Associao de Desenvolvimento Agrrio do Cear, aposta nestas alternativas. Acredito que o Cear poder se tornar autossuficiente em produo de mas em alguns anos. O cultivo se mostra vivel e h vantagens significativas, como a economia de mais de trs mil quilmetros de frete, pois toda a fruta consumida no Nordeste vem do Sul e da Argentina, explica. O presidente da Cmara Setorial de Fruticultura do Cear, Euvaldo Bringel Olinda, v o cultivo de frutas de clima temperado no Nordeste como grande iniciativa. Com um clima que proporciona mais de 300 dias de sol por ano, e excelente tecnologia de irrigao, possvel determinar a poca das colheitas e assegurar condio diferenciada para atender ao mercado regional, que importador, avalia. Conforme Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, ainda h muito a fazer para adaptar o manejo e as tecnologias, mas os primeiros resultados entusiasmam. O pesquisador entende que uma eventual resistncia ao projeto foi eliminada com os resultados iniciais. uma proposta com sustentao cientfica, que est na fase de consolidao e de avaliao de resultados para os ajustes necessrios, frisa. Hoje, tanto cientistas quanto produtores esto acostumados com o assunto, mas por diversas vezes Coelho Lopes ouviu a pergunta: para plantar um p de qu?. Agora, a ideia est disseminada, as tecnologias so de domnio dos fruticultores e dias de campo e eventos tcnicos so realizados para difundir as prticas agrcolas. O desafio grande, pois se trata de espcies com as quais o produtor do Nordeste no est acostumado. Portanto, exigem mais ateno ainda, reconhece. Paulo Roberto destaca que, no momento, aps quase quatro anos de cultivo em algumas reas, a grande meta da pesquisa de introduo de variedades de clima temperado e mido no semirido nordestino alcanar produes economicamente viveis, que permitam a explorao comercial das frutas. Paralelamente, estamos desenvolvendo experimentos com outras espcies para avaliar suas potencialidades, explica. Inicialmente, foram procurados ambientes com uso de alta tecnologia e microclimas favorveis ao desenvolvimento das culturas. Aos poucos, vamos testando e adaptando-as para outras regies, explica. No futuro, sero desenvolvidas tecnologias para aquelas culturas que apresentarem maior potencial produtivo e de comercializao nos permetros irrigados do semirido, a fim de disponibiliz-las aos agricultores mediante acompanhamento tcnico dos rgos de assistncia. Com a experincia de dcadas na Embrapa, na qual j foi chefe-geral da unidade do Semirido, Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, , hoje, um pesquisador do qual ningum mais duvida.
When researcher
the Northeast as a great initiative. With a climate that provides for more than 300 sunny days a year, and excellent irrigation technology, it is possible to set the time of harvest and ensure every condition to meet the needs of the regional market, which is still an importer, he comments. According to Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, there is still a lot to do in terms of adapting management practices and technologies, but the first results are encouraging. The researcher understands that casual resistance has been surmounted by the initial results. It is a bid that relies on a scientific foundation, now going through its consolidation and results evaluation phase for the necessary adjustments, he stresses. Now, both scientists and farmers have got used to the subject, but for several times Coelho Lopes has been asked: What type of tree are we supposed to plant? Now the idea has been spread, the fruit growing farmers have already learned how to use the technology, field days and technical events are being staged to spread the new agricultural practices. The challenge is enormous, as these fruit species are completely new to the farmers in the Northeast. Therefore, they require even more attention, he acknowledges. Paulo Roberto explains that, at the moment, after four years of cultivations in some areas, the big challenge of the researchers regarding the introduction of temperate and wet climate varieties in the northeastern semiarid is to come up with economically viable productions, which lead to commercial orchards. In the meantime, we are conducting experiments with other species and evaluating their potentialities, he clarifies. Initially, we sought environments where high technology was in place, along with microclimates favorable to the development of the crops. Little by little, we are testing and adapting them to other regions, he comments. In the future, the idea is to develop technologies for the crops that present the best productive and sales potential in the irrigated perimeters across the semiarid, putting them at the disposal of the farmers, who will receive technical assistance from the competent organs. With Embrapas decade long experience, where he was the chief-executive of the companys Semiarid Unit, Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, is now a fully acknowledged researcher. n
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Primeiros desafios foram vencidos na introduo de frutas de clima temperado em ambiente de semirido, mas h muito mais pela frente
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Dentre as culturas pesquisadas no projeto de introduo de espcies de frutas de clima temperado e/ou mido no semirido nordestino, algumas j se destacam. Pera, ma e caqui tiveram desempenho acima do esperado na primeira fase de avaliao. E o cacau, de clima mido, tambm tem timo desempenho no Vale do So Francisco. Conhea os resultados e os potenciais das principais culturas estabelecidas em maior escala no Nordeste:
Nos quatro primeiros anos de cultivo, a pereira demonstra grande potencial de desenvolvimento e produo no Vale do So Francisco. O pesquisador Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, coordenador do projeto, explica que a pera tem apelo comercial pelos volumes importados, de at 95% do mercado interno. A produo brasileira no chega a 10% da demanda anual. Entre as frutas de clima temperado, esta a terceira mais consumida e importada pelo Brasil, revela. O consumo chega a 180 mil toneladas/ano. A maioria vem da Argentina, do Chile e dos Estados Unidos. O Brasil tem potencial de consumo para 300 mil toneladas de peras ao ano, desde que sejam frutas de qualidade, a preos competitivos. Com estas caractersticas, torna-se uma consistente alternativa diversificao da fruticultura nos permetros irrigados do Nordeste, diz Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. No Vale do So Francisco, a cultura produz 60 toneladas/ha no quarto ano de cultivo e faz duas safras por ano, como a ma e o caqui.
PERA
Se na mitologia a ma representa o pecado, no Nordeste ela pode representar a redeno econmica para um grupo importante de produtores. A ma a fruta de clima temperado mais comercializada fresca nos mercados internacional e domstico. A produo nacional de 1,2 milho de toneladas e, ainda assim, so importadas 50 mil toneladas anuais. O consumo no Nordeste s aumenta. Um exemplo clssico o mercado produtor de Juazeiro (BA), que movimenta 200 toneladas por semana. Com base nas pesquisas da Embrapa, a macieira alternativa de cultivo nos permetros irrigados do Vale do So Francisco. A regio demonstra potencial produtivo superior a 20 toneladas/ha no terceiro ano de cultivo, ou seja, seriam necessrios 10 hectares para cada semana de consumo apenas na regio de Juazeiro, somando 520 hectares de cultivo direcionados a suprir a demanda deste mercado. A perspectiva para o Nordeste muito maior e devemos considerar que tanto a demanda quanto o potencial de produo esto crescendo, explica Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. As reas atuais so baixas, resumidas aos experimentos e aos investimentos de alguns produtores. Alm do Vale do So Francisco, as mas, de diversas variedades, so testadas e cultivadas no Cear, na Serra da Ibiapaba e nos municpios de Tiangu, Aracati e Limoeiro do Norte. O prximo Estado do Nordeste que deve entrar no programa o Rio Grande do Norte.
MA
O caqui, fruta produzida tradicionalmente nas regies Sudeste e Sul do Pas nos meses de fevereiro a junho, tem alta demanda externa. Em outubro comeam as importaes da Espanha e de Israel e o preo ao consumidor aumenta at seis vezes. No Vale do So Francisco, com manejo adequado, o caqui colhido na entressafra. Assim, h demanda e melhores preos aos produtores nacionais. No Vale do So Francisco h potencial para colher 15 toneladas por hectare, no quarto ano de cultivo. Esse produto entra em condies de competir com a fruta importada e abastecer o mercado interno. Seu potencial enorme, assegura Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. Tambm esto em fase inicial de experimentos pela Embrapa culturas como amora, mirtilo, de ambiente temperado; mangosto e rambut, frutas caractersticas de clima quente e mido. H boas condies, com o manejo, as variedades e as tecnologias indicadas e testadas pela Embrapa, de o semirido ampliar significativamente sua oferta de frutas em geral para o mercado brasileiro e, tambm, de agregar alternativas de produo e de renda aos fruticultores do Nordeste, finaliza Paulo Roberto.
CAQUI
No Vale do So Francisco, a irrigao e a tecnologia desenvolvida pela Embrapa Semirido, de Petrolina (PE), do suporte para o que parecia impossvel: produzir cacau em pleno Serto pernambucano. O uso da irrigao potencializa o desenvolvimento das plantas e dos frutos, e o clima reduz em muito os riscos da cultura, como doenas e pragas, enfatiza o pesquisador Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. O produtor Jos Ilton de Lima cultiva cacau h quatro anos em sua propriedade, no Vale do So Francisco, e est satisfeito com o desenvolvimento. Antes, se me dissessem que dava para colher cacau aqui, duvidaria. At hoje h quem duvide quando digo que estou colhendo cacau no Serto. Mas vi o sistema na Embrapa e, com ajuda do doutor Paulo, fiquei animado. O resultado bom e ainda vai ser melhor, resume. Na propriedade de Jos Ilton de Lima, a cultura do cacau consorciada com coco, pois precisa do sombreamento para se desenvolver. As safras tm potencial de produzir de 200 a 300 arrobas por hectare, o que at seis vezes mais do que a produtividade mdia de lavouras do Sul da Bahia (entre 45 a 50 arrobas, segundo o governo baiano). Nesta regio, possvel fazer duas safras de cacau por ano.
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CACAU
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Of the variety of crops which were studied in the project for the introduction of temperate and/or wet climate fruit species in the northeastern semiarid, some of them are beginning to stand out over the others. The performance of pears, apples and persimmons exceeded expectations during the first evaluation stage. And wet climate cocoa has shown excellent performance in Vale do So Francisco. The following are the potentials and the results of the main crops established on large scale in the Northeast:
Over the first four years under cultivation, pears have demonstrated great development and production potential in Vale do So Francisco. Researcher Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes, coordinator of the project, explains that pears exert a strong commercial appeal, which is attested by the huge imports of this fruit, up to 95% of the pears in the domestic market come from abroad. The pears produced in Brazil supply less than 10% of the market, annually. Of all temperate fruits, they rank as the third most consumed and most imported in Brazil, he recalls. Consumption amounts to 180 thousand tons a year, and they come from the United States, Argentina and Chile. Brazils potential consumption is for 300 thousand tons of pears a year, provided they are quality fruits, at competitive prices. With such characteristics, it becomes a consistent alternative to diversification of fruit farming in the irrigated perimeters across the Northeast, says Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. In Vale do So Francisco, the crop reaches to 60 tons/ha in the fourth growing season, and two crops a year are harvested, just like apples and persimmons.
PEAR
The persimmon, a fruit traditionally produced in the Southeast and South, February through June, is highly demanded abroad. In October, imports from Spain and Israel start, and consumer prices sometimes jump sixfold. In Vale do So Francisco, under appropriate management, the persimmon crop is harvested at off-season time. There is demand, while farm gate prices soar. In Vale do So Francisco there is potential for 15 tons per hectare, in the fourth growing season. The local persimmons have every condition to compete with imported fruits and supply the domestic market. Its potential is enormous, stresses Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. There are other Embrapa experiments now in their initial stages, including crops like mulberries, myrtles, of temperate climate; mangosteen and rambut, typical fruits of warm and wet climates. There are good conditions, with recommended management, varieties and technologies tested by Embrapa, for the semiarid to expand considerably its fruit supplies to the Brazilian market and, equally, add production alternatives and more income for the farmers in the Northeast, Paulo Roberto concludes.
PERSIMMON
If the apple appears throughout mythology as a symbol of temptation, in the Northeast it could represent the economic recovery for a group of important farmers. The apple is the most sold fresh temperate fruit in the international and domestic markets. Annual production in Brazil amounts to 1.2 million tons, not enough to supply the domestic market, once 50 thousand tons are imported a year. In the Northeast, apples are getting more and more popular. A classical example is the farmers market in Juazeiro (BA), where 200 tons a week are sold. Relying on surveys conducted by Embrapa, apples are a good alternative for the irrigated regions in Vale do So Francisco. The region boasts a production potential for upwards of 20 tons/ha in the third growing season, that is to say, ten hectares would be needed for just one weeks consumption in the Juazeiro region, meaning 520 hectares of apples just to supply that market. There are great perspectives for the Northeast, and we should take into consideration that both demand and the production potential are on the rise, explains Roberto Coelho Lopes. The present areas are low, restricted to the experiments and to the investments by some farmers. Besides Vale do So Francisco, apples of different varieties are being tested in the state of Cear, in Serra da Ibiapaba and in the municipalities of Tiangu, Aracati e Limoeiro do Norte. The next State of the Northeast to join the program is Rio Grande do Norte.
APPLE
In Vale do So Francisco, the irrigation system and technology developed by Embrapa Semiarid, in Petrolina (PE), lend support to what seemed impossible: the production of cocoa in the hinterlands of Pernambuco. The use of irrigation potentiates the development of plants and fruits, and the local climate conditions reduce all types of risks, like diseases and pests, argues researcher Paulo Roberto Coelho Lopes. Farmer Jos Ilton de Lima has grown cocoa trees for four years on his farm, located in Vale do So Francisco, and is satisfied with the way his crop is unfolding. In the past, if I had been told it was possible to grow cocoa around here, I would not have believed. Even nowadays, there are people who shrug their shoulders in disbelief if I tell them I am harvesting cocoa in the hinterlands. The fact is, I learned about the system from Embrapa and, with the help of Dr Paulo, I got excited. The result has been good so far and will even be better, he summarizes. In Jos Ilton de Limas farm, cocoa is intercropped with coconut trees, as it needs a shady environment to develop. The potential of the crops is for the production of 200 to 330 arrobas per hectare, which is six times as much as the farms in the South of Bahia ( from 45 to 50 arrobas, according to state government sources). In this region, two crops a year are viable.
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COCOA
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A Cor do BRASIL
Frutal chega a 20 edio, em setembro de 2013, abordando os diferentes sabores, cores e aromas das frutas e das flores brasileiras
conhecimentos sobre as novas e variadas tecnologias e pesquisas nas cadeias de flores e de frutas. Isso tudo em um nico lugar, e em poucos dias. Pois esse cenrio poder ser encontrado em setembro de 2013 no Centro de Eventos do Cear, em Fortaleza. Entre os dias 9 e 12 acontece a 20 edio do Frutal Semana Internacinal da Fruticultura, Floricultura e Agroindstria. A Frutal teve incio em 1994 e desde 1999 est sob a responsabilidade do Instituto Frutal. Nessa edio, os participantes tero disposio, no amplo espao de um dos maiores e mais modernos centros de convenes da Amrica Latina, os aromas, as cores e os sabores que representam a diversidade brasileira. Em 2012, quando pela primeira vez o evento foi realizado no local, 35 mil pessoas circularam pelos sales de exposies e salas das palestras e cursos tcnicos. Em 2013, a programao inclui outros importantes eventos, que sero realizados simultaneamente e de forma interativa com o Frutal. Um deles a segunda edio da Expofood, organizada em parceria com a Associao Brasileira de Bares e Restaurantes (Abrasel). A feira direcionada a profissionais da rea de alimentao, que tero a oportunidade de conhecer os lanamentos do mercado, com destaque para design de embalagens, rtulos e etiquetas, automao industrial, veculos de armazenagem, refrigerao e tratamento de efluentes. Aos interessados em floricultura, a pedida acompanhar a 15 Agroflores, que conta com a parceria da Cmara Setorial de Flores e Plantas Ornamentais do Estado do Cear e do Servio de Apoio s Micro e e Pequenas Empresas (Sebrae/CE). Est prevista a realizao de cursos, palestras, seminrios setoriais, workshops e oficinas florais, destinados s pessoas que buscam comear ou incrementar o negcio na rea. A programao da Frutal tambm abrigar um evento cientfico, a 20 Reunio Internacional da Associao para a Cooperao em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Integral das Musceas (bananas e pltanos), a Acorbat 2013. Junto haver uma feira especfica para o setor, a Expoacorbat. A previso de participao de pesquisadores da rea oriundos de mais de 50 pases. n
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nos encontros durante a programao, foram fechados contratos na ordem de R$ 23 milhes. J os cursos tcnicos, oferecidos nos quatro dias do evento, abrangem trs segmentos de interesse do pblico-alvo: frutas e agroindstria, flores e plantas or-
namentais, e agricultura familiar. Logo aps o trmino do evento em Fortaleza, acontece a edio 2013 da Frutal Amaznia e da Flor Par, marcada para o perodo de 12 a 15 de setembro, em Belm (PA). A programao comea a ser definida pelas comisses a partir de maio.
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Frutal reaches its 20th edition, in September 2013, addressing different tastes, colors and aromas of Brazilian fruits and flowers
and knowledge about the new and various technologies and research works conducted by the flower and fruit supply chains. All this in one place, and in a couple of days. This is the scenario of the Cear State Events Centers, in Fortaleza, venue for the September 2013 event. The second edition of Frutal International Fruit, Flower and Agroindustry Week has been scheduled for 9 12 September 2013. Frutal had its beginning in 1994, and since 1999 has been under the responsibility of the Frutal Institute. In the vast venue of one of the most modern convention centers in Latin America, participants will get a grasp of aromas, colors and flavors that represent Brazils diversity. In 2012, when the event was held in the venue for the first time, 35 thousand people circulated through the exhibitions halls, attended lectures and technical courses. In 2013, the program includes other important events, to be held simultaneously and in interactive manner with the Frutal. One of them is the second edition of Expofood, organized in partnership with the Brazilian Association of Bars and Restaurants (Abrasel). The fair is geared towards professionals of the food area, which will have a chance to learn about the new products being launched into the market, where the highlights are packaging designs, labels, tags, industrial automation, warehousing trucks, refrigeration, and effluent treatment. To those interested in fruit growing, the recommendation is for attending the 15th Agroflowers, which relies on a partnership with the Cear State Flowers and Ornamental Plants Sectoral Chamber and on support from the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae/CE). The event features, courses, lectures, sectoral
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seminars, floral workshops and others, destined for people who consider starting or improving businesses in this area. The Frutal program also includes a scientific event, the 20th International Meeting of the Association for Cooperation in Research and Integral Development of the Musaceae (Bananas and plantain bananas), Acorbat 2013, along with a specific fair of the sector, known as Expoacorbat. Researchers from upwards of 50 countries are expected to attend the event. n
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sede do mais importante encontro de bananicultura do mundo. A 20 Reunio Internacional da Associao para a Cooperao em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Integral das Musceas (Acorbat), que engloba bananas e pltanos, ou bananas de coco, acontece dentro da programao da Frutal 2013, em Fortaleza (CE), entre os dias 9 e 13 de setembro. Em 2006, o evento foi realizado em Joinville (SC). O pesquisador Luiz Alberto Lichtemberg, da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuria e Extenso Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), foi pre134
More than one thousand banana researchers come together during the 2013 Frutal event, in Fortaleza (CE), for debates focused on innovations
will host the biggest global event focused on banana farming. The 20th International Meeting of the Association for Cooperation in Research and Integral Development of the Musaceae (Acorbat), which includes bananas and plantains, or saba bananas, has been included in the Frutal 2013 program, in Fortaleza (CE), 9 13 September. In 2006, the event was held in Joinville (SC). Researcher Luiz Alberto Lichtemberg, of the Santa Catarina State Rural Extension and Agriculture Research Company (Epagri), pre-
sided over the Acorbat from 2006 to 2008, and is now a member of the technical committee of the international meeting in Fortaleza. He explains that the meeting will provide all banana researchers with chances to exchange ideas with their colleagues in Latin America. It is the moment for introducing new technologies, whilst sharing knowledge generated in the area, he observes. All papers registered for the meeting can be presented through lectures or posters, and will be displayed during the five-day meeting. All participations are to be split into eight theme areas: pesticide reduction strategies; physiology, climate and production; improvement and use of genetic diversity; market: trends and opportunities; post-harvest and processing; pests and diseases of economic relevance; and production systems. The best contributions will be selected by Acorbats technical and scientific committee to be published in the international Fruits magazine. The international meeting also includes the Expoacorbat, an exhibition that features the latest technologies and inputs of the sector. Acorbat 2013 is expected to attract 1,200 researchers from upwards of 50 countries. n
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da Fruticultura, Floricultura e Agroindstria Data: 9 a 12 de setembro de 2013 Local: Fortaleza (CE) Fone: 85 3246 8126 E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.frutal.org.br Acorbat 2013 - 20 Reunio Internacional da Associao para a Cooperao em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Integral das Musceas (bananas e pltanos) Data: 9 a 13 de setembro de 2013
Local: Fortaleza (CE) Fone: 47 3341 5212 E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.acorbatinternacional.com Frutal Amaznia 2013 e Flor Par Data: 12 a 15 de setembro de 2013 Local: Belm (PA) Fone: 85 3246 8126 E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.frutal.org.br
Araatuba, SP - 18 3607 3700 Blumenau, SC - 47 3221 5333 Fortaleza, CE - 85 3452 3620 Salvador, BA - 71 3525 8780 Valinhos, SP - 19 3869 9000 www.mwvrigesa.com.br
RIDOMIL GOLD BRAVO CUIDA DA SUA PLANTAO, PROTEGENDO SEMPRE E COMBATENDO QUANDO NECESSRIO.
Ridomil Gold Bravo o pior inimigo para as principais doenas que atacam a sua plantao: a requeima no tomate e na batata e o mldio na cebola. Isso porque ele o nico que combina dois ativos poderosos: um sistmico e outro protetor. Alm disso, ele resistente chuva e tem grande aderncia na planta. Com Ridomil Gold Bravo, a sua plantao ca protegida e voc ca tranquilo.
Syngenta, 2013.