W3C Working Draft, editor's draft
New features in level 4: see full list
Browser support: case insensitive attribute selectors (decent, except IE), matches (none in IE, platform-flagged in Chrome, the others support it although mostly with a vendor prefix), combining :not and :nth-child (mostly unsupported), see full list (note the charts are not always up to date)
Use cases:
- case-insensitive attribute selector is used by Parsoid (since the spec requires http-equiv to be case insensitive) although easy to work around in other ways
- seems useful and mostly supported: :focus-within (for pure CSS menus/tabs, intelligent highlighting on keyboard navigation...), :matches once Chrome unflags it (poor man's LESS nested syntax), placeholder (for pure-CSS non-confusing placeholder styling)
- somewhat supported but seems mildly useful at best: optionality, indeterminate, validity, range, default
- seems very useful but support is poor: :dir (for LTR support), :has (makes selectors a lot more powerful), grid pseudo-classes and column combination (for table column styling), :target-within (for intelligent highlighting on anchor navigation)