Senarai Presiden Amerika Syarikat
Presiden Amerika Syarikat ialah ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan Amerika Syarikat. Presiden mengetuai cawangan eksekutif kerajaan persekutuan dan merupakan ketua komander Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat. Presiden dilantik untuk penggal selama empat tahun oleh rakyat melalui Badan Perwakilan Pemilih (atau oleh Dewan Perwakilan jika Badan Perwakilan Pemilih gagal untuk memberi undi majoriti mutlak kepada mana-mana calon).
Sejak penubuhan jawatan ini pada tahun 1789, 45 orang telah berkhidmat sebagai presiden. Presiden pertama, George Washington, memenangi undian sebulat suara Badan Perwakilan Pemilih. Grover Cleveland berkhidmat untuk dua penggal berasingan dan dikira sebagai presiden ke–22 dan ke–24. William Henry Harrison mempunyai tempoh paling singkat sebagai presiden selepas beliau meninggal dunia 31 hari selepas menjawat jawatan ini pada tahun 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt berkhidmat paling lama, lebih daripada dua belas tahun sebelum meninggal dunia semasa awal penggal keempat beliau pada tahun 1945. Beliau merupakan satu-satunya presiden untuk berkhidmat lebih daripada dua penggal. Sejak pengesahan Pindaan ke-22 kepada Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1951, tiada orang yang boleh dilantik menjadi presiden lebih daripada dua kali dan tiada orang yang telah berkhidmat lebih daripada dua tahun semasa penggal orang lain boleh dilantik lebih daripada sekali.[1]
Daripada individu-individu yang dilantik sebagai presiden, empat meninggal dunia semasa menjawat jawatan atas sebab-sebab semula jadi (William Henry Harrison,[2] Zachary Taylor,[3] Warren G. Harding,[4] dan Franklin D. Roosevelt), empat dibunuh (Abraham Lincoln,[5] James A. Garfield,[5][6] William McKinley,[7] dan John F. Kennedy) dan seorang meletak jawatan (Richard Nixon).[8]
Senarai Presiden
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tiada Parti Persekutuan Demokrat-Republikan Demokrat Whig Republikan Kesatuan Kebangsaan
Tempoh | Presiden | Jawatan terdahulu | Parti | Pilihan raya | Naib Presiden | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 30 April 1789 – 4 Mac 1797 |
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George Washington 1732–1799 [9][10][11] |
Ketua Komander Angkatan Tentera Benua (1775–1783) |
Tiada Parti [12] |
1 (1788–89) |
John Adams | |
2 (1792) | ||||||||
2 | 4 Mac 1797 – 4 Mac 1801 |
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John Adams 1735–1826 [13][14][15] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat Pertama |
Persekutuan | 3 (1796) |
Thomas Jefferson | |
3 | 4 Mac 1801 – 4 Mac 1809 |
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Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826 [16][17][18] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–2 |
Demokrat- Republikan |
4 (1800) |
Aaron Burr 4 Mac 1801 – 4 Mac 1805 | |
5 (1804) |
George Clinton 4 Mac 1805 – 4 Mac 1809 | |||||||
4 | 4 Mac 1809 – 4 Mac 1817 |
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James Madison 1751–1836 [19][20][21] |
Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat ke–5 (1801–1809) |
Demokrat- Republikan |
6 (1808) |
George Clinton 4 Mac 1809 – 20 April 1812 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Clinton) | ||||||||
7 (1812) |
Elbridge Gerry 4 Mac 1813 – 23 November 1814 | |||||||
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Gerry) | ||||||||
5 | 4 Mac 1817 – 4 Mac 1825 |
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James Monroe 1758–1831 [22][23][24] |
Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat ke–7 (1811–1817) |
Demokrat- Republikan |
8 (1816) |
Daniel D. Tompkins | |
9 (1820) | ||||||||
6 | 4 Mac 1825 – 4 Mac 1829 |
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John Quincy Adams 1767–1848 [25][26][27] |
Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat ke–8 (1817–1825) |
Demokrat- Republikan |
10 (1824) |
John C. Calhoun | |
7 | 4 Mac 1829 – 4 Mac 1837 |
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Andrew Jackson 1767–1845 [28][29][30] |
Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Tennessee (1823–1825) |
Demokrat | 11 (1828) |
John C. Calhoun 4 Mac 1829 – 8 Disember 1832 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Calhoun) | ||||||||
12 (1832) |
Martin Van Buren 4 Mac 1833 – 4 Mac 1837 | |||||||
8 | 4 Mac 1837 – 4 Mac 1841 |
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Martin Van Buren 1782–1862 [31][32][33] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–8 |
Demokrat | 13 (1836) |
Richard Mentor Johnson | |
9 | 4 Mac 1841 – 4 April 1841 |
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William Henry Harrison 1773–1841 [34][35][36] |
Menteri Amerika Syarikat ke Colombia (1828–1829) |
Whig | 14 (1840) |
John Tyler | |
10 | 4 April 1841 – 4 Mac 1845 |
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John Tyler 1790–1862 [37][38][39] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–10 |
Whig 4 April 1841 – 13 September 1841 |
Jawatan dikosongkan | ||
Tiada 13 September 1841 – 4 Mac 1845 | ||||||||
11 | 4 Mac 1845 – 4 Mac 1849 |
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James K. Polk 1795–1849 [40][41][42] |
Gabenor Tennessee ke–9 (1839–1841) |
Demokrat | 15 (1844) |
George M. Dallas | |
12 | 4 Mac 1849 – 9 Julai 1850 |
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Zachary Taylor 1784–1850 [43][44][45] |
Jeneral Utama Infantri Rejiman Pertama Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat (1846–1849) |
Whig | 16 (1848) |
Millard Fillmore | |
13 | 9 Julai 1850 – 4 Mac 1853 |
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Millard Fillmore 1800–1874 [46][47][48] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–12 |
Whig | Jawatan dikosongkan | ||
14 | 4 Mac 1853 – 4 Mac 1857 |
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Franklin Pierce 1804–1869 [49][50][51] |
Brigadier Jeneral Infantri ke–9 Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat (1847–1848) |
Demokrat | 17 (1852) |
William R. King 4 Mac 1853 – 18 April 1853 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal King) | ||||||||
15 | 4 Mac 1857 – 4 Mac 1861 |
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James Buchanan 1791–1868 [52][53][54] |
Menteri Amerika Syarikat ke Mahkamah St James (1853–1856) |
Demokrat | 18 (1856) |
John C. Breckinridge | |
16 | 4 Mac 1861 – 15 April 1865 |
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Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865 [55][56][57] |
Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah ke–7 Illinois (1847–1849) |
Republikan (Kesatuan Kebangsaan) |
19 (1860) |
Hannibal Hamlin 4 Mac 1861 – 4 Mac 1865 | |
20 (1864) |
Andrew Johnson 4 Mac 1865 – 15 April 1865 | |||||||
17 | 15 April 1865 – 4 Mac 1869 |
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Andrew Johnson 1808–1875 [58][59][60] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–16 |
Kesatuan Kebangsaan (Demokrat) |
Jawatan dikosongkan | ||
18 | 4 Mac 1869 – 4 Mac 1877 |
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Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885 [61][62][63] |
Jeneral Pemerintah Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat (1864–1869) |
Republikan | 21 (1868) |
Schuyler Colfax 4 Mac 1869 – 4 Mac 1873 | |
22 (1872) |
Henry Wilson 4 Mac 1873 – 22 November 1875 | |||||||
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Wilson) | ||||||||
19 | 4 Mac 1877 – 4 Mac 1881 |
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Rutherford B. Hayes 1822–1893 [64][65][66] |
Gabenor Ohio ke–29 & ke–32 (1868–1872 & 1876–1877) |
Republikan | 23 (1876) |
William A. Wheeler | |
20 | 4 Mac 1881 – 19 September 1881 |
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James A. Garfield 1831–1881 [67][68][69] |
Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah ke–19 Ohio (1863–1881) |
Republikan | 24 (1880) |
Chester A. Arthur | |
21 | 19 September 1881 – 4 Mac 1885 |
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Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886 [70][71][72] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–20 |
Republikan | Jawatan dikosongkan | ||
22 | 4 Mac 1885 – 4 Mac 1889 |
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Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 [73][74] |
Gabenor New York ke–28 (1883–1885) |
Demokrat | 25 (1884) |
Thomas A. Hendricks 4 Mac 1885 – 25 November 1885 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Hendricks) | ||||||||
23 | 4 Mac 1889 – 4 Mac 1893 |
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Benjamin Harrison 1833–1901 [75][76][77] |
Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Indiana (1881–1887) |
Republikan | 26 ([1888) |
Levi P. Morton | |
24 | 4 Mac 1893 – 4 Mac 1897 |
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Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 [73][74] |
Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–22 (1885–1889) |
Demokrat | 27 (1892) |
Adlai Stevenson | |
25 | 4 Mac 1897 – 14 September 1901 |
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William McKinley 1843–1901 [78][79][80] |
Gabenor Ohio ke–39 (1892–1896) |
Republikan | 28 (1896) |
Garret Hobart 4 Mac 1897 – 21 November 1899 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Hobart) | ||||||||
29 (1900) |
Theodore Roosevelt 4 Mac 1901 – 14 September 1901 | |||||||
26 | 14 September 1901 – 4 Mac 1909 |
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Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919 [81][82][83] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–25 |
Republikan | Jawatan dikosongkan 14 September 1901 – 4 Mac 1905 | ||
30 (1904) |
Charles W. Fairbanks 4 Mac 1905 – 4 Mac 1909 | |||||||
27 | 4 Mac 1909 – 4 Mac 1913 |
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William Howard Taft 1857–1930 [84][85][86] |
Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat ke–42 (1904–1908) |
Republikan | 31 (1908) |
James S. Sherman 4 Mac 1909 – 30 Oktober 1912 | |
Jawatan dikosongkan (Baki penggal Sherman) | ||||||||
28 | 4 Mac 1913 – 4 Mac 1921 |
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Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924 [87][88][89] |
Gabenor New Jersey ke–34 (1911–1913) |
Demokrat | 32 (1912) |
Thomas R. Marshall | |
33 (1916) | ||||||||
29 | 4 Mac 1921 – 2 Ogos 1923 |
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Warren G. Harding 1865–1923 [90][91][92] |
Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Ohio (1915–1921) |
Republikan | 34 (1920) |
Calvin Coolidge | |
30 | 2 Ogos 1923 – 4 Mac 1929 |
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Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933 [93][94][95] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–29 |
Republikan | Jawatan dikosongkan 2 Ogos 1923 – 4 Mac 1925 | ||
35 (1924) |
Charles G. Dawes 4 Mac 1925 – 4 Mac 1929 | |||||||
31 | 4 Mac 1929 – 4 Mac 1933 |
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Herbert Hoover 1874–1964 [96][97][98] |
Setiausaha Perdagangan Amerika Syarikat ke–3 (1921–1928) |
Republikan | 36 (1928) |
Charles Curtis | |
32 | 4 Mac 1933 – 12 April 1945 |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945 [99][100][101] |
Gabenor New York ke–44 (1929–1932) |
Demokrat | 37 (1932) |
John Nance Garner 4 Mac 1933 – 20 Januari 1941 | |
38 (1936) | ||||||||
39 (1940) |
Henry A. Wallace 20 Januari 1941 – 20 Januari 1945 | |||||||
40 (1944) |
Harry S. Truman 20 Januari – 12 April 1945 | |||||||
33 | 12 April 1945 – 20 Januari 1953 |
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Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 [102][103][104] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–34 |
Demokrat | Jawatan dikosongkan 12 April 1945 – 20 Januari 1949 | ||
41 (1948) |
Alben W. Barkley 20 Januari 1949 – 20 Januari 1953 | |||||||
34 | 20 Januari 1953 – 20 Januari 1961 |
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Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969 [105][106][107] |
Komander Tertinggi Bersekutu Eropah (1949–1952) |
Republikan | 42 (1952) |
Richard Nixon | |
43 (1956) | ||||||||
35 | 20 Januari 1961 – 22 November 1963 |
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John F. Kennedy 1917–1963 [108][109][110] |
Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Massachusetts (1953–1960) |
Demokrat | 44 (1960) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | |
36 | 22 November 1963 – 20 Januari 1969 |
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Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 [111][112] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–37 |
Demokrat | Jawatan dikosongkan 22 November 1963 – 20 Januari 1965 | ||
45 (1964) |
Hubert Humphrey 20 Januari 1965 – 20 Januari 1969 | |||||||
37 | 20 Januari 1969 – 9 Ogos 1974 |
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Richard Nixon 1913–1994 [113][114][115] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–36 (1953–1961) |
Republikan | 46 (1968) |
Spiro Agnew 20 Januari 1969 – 10 Oktober 1973 | |
47 (1972) | ||||||||
Jawatan dikosongkan 10 Oktober 1973 – 6 Disember 1973 | ||||||||
Gerald Ford 6 Disember 1973 – 9 Ogos 1974 | ||||||||
38 | 9 Ogos 1974 – 20 Januari 1977 |
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Gerald Ford 1913–2006 [116][117][118] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–40 |
Republikan | Jawatan dikosongkan 9 Ogos 1974 – 19 Disember 1974 | ||
Nelson Rockefeller 19 Disember 1974 – 20 Januari 1977 | ||||||||
39 | 20 Januari 1977 – 20 Januari 1981 |
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Jimmy Carter Lahir 1924 (99 tahun) [119][120][121] |
Gabenor Georgia ke–76 (1971–1975) |
Demokrat | 48 (1976) |
Walter Mondale | |
40 | 20 Januari 1981 – 20 Januari 1989 |
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Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 [122][123][124] |
Gabenor California ke–33 (1967–1975) |
Republikan | 49 (1980) |
George H. W. Bush | |
50 (1984) | ||||||||
41 | 20 Januari 1989 – 20 Januari 1993 |
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George H. W. Bush 1924–2018 [125][126][127] |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat ke–43 |
Republikan | 51 (1988) |
Dan Quayle | |
42 | 20 Januari 1993 – 20 Januari 2001 |
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Bill Clinton Lahir 1946 (77 tahun) [128][129][130] |
Gabenor Arkansas ke–40 & ke–42 (1979–1981 & 1983–1992) |
Demokrat | 52 (1992) |
Al Gore | |
53 (1996) | ||||||||
43 | 20 Januari 2001 – 20 Januari 2009 |
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George W. Bush Lahir 1946 (78 tahun) [131][132] |
Gabenor Texas ke–46 (1995–2000) |
Republikan | 54 (2000) |
Dick Cheney | |
55 (2004) | ||||||||
44 | 20 Januari 2009 – 20 Januari 2017 |
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Barack Obama Lahir 1961 (63 tahun) [133][134] |
Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Illinois (2005–2008) |
Demokrat | 56 (2008) |
Joe Biden | |
57 (2012) | ||||||||
45 | 20 Januari 2017 – 20 Januari 2021 |
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Donald Trump Lahir 1946 (78 tahun) [135] |
Pengerusi The Trump Organization (1971–2017) |
Republikan | 58 (2016) |
Mike Pence | |
46 | 20 Januari 2021 – kini (Penggal tamat 20 Januari 2025) |
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Joe Biden Lahir 1942 (81 tahun) |
Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat (2009–2017) |
Demokrat | 59 (2020) |
Kamala Harris |
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- ^ "Barack Obama – Democratic Party – 44th President – American Presidents". History.
- ^ Jamaica Hospital. "Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump" (PDF). Fox News Channel. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada April 9, 2011. Unknown parameter
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