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Bertrand Russell

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Bertrand Russell
WarganegaraBritish
PekerjaanAhli Falsafah
Terkenal keranaSumbangan kepada bidang Falsafah dan
Pemenang Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan
Tandatangan

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 Mei 1872 – 2 Februari 1970) ialah seorang ahli falsafah, logik matematik, matematik, sejarah dan pengkritik sosial British.[1] Dalam beberapa detik kehidupannya, beliau menganggap dirinya sebagai seorang liberal, sosialis, dan pencinta damai. Beliau dilahirkan di Monmouthshire, ke dalam keluarga bangsawan Britain.[2]

Russell mengetuai "revolusi British terhadap idealisme" pada wal abad ke-20. Beliau dianggap seorang daripada pengasas falsafah analitik bersama-sama pendahulunya, Gottlob Frege dan anak didiknya Ludwig Wittgenstein. Beliau juga dianggap sebagai ahli logik terunggul abad ke-20.[1] Bersama-sama A. N. Whitehead, beliau menghasilkan Principia Mathematica, satu percubaan untuk meletakkan logik sebagai asas matematik. Esei falsafahnya On Denoting dianggap sebuah "paradigma falsafah."[3] Karyanya mempengaruhi logic, matematik, teori set, linguistik, sains komputer, dan falsafah, khususnya falsafah bahasa, epistemologi, dan metafizik.

Russell seorang aktivis anti-perang dan anti-imperialisme,[4][5] dan dipenjarakan kerana kempen anti-perangnya semasa Perang Dunia Pertama.[6] Kemudian, beliau berkempen menentang Adolf Hitler, mengkritik sistem totalitarian Stalin, menyerang penglibatan Amerika Syarikat dalam Perang Vietnam, dan menyokong kuat pergerakan pelucutan senjata nuklear.[7] Dalam tahun 1950 Russell dikurniakan hadiah Nobel dalam bidang Kesusasteraan sebagai "pengiktirafan penulisan yang pelbagai dan bernilai yang memperjuangkan cita-cita kemasnusiaan dan kebebasan fikiran]]"[8]

Lihat juga

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  1. ^ a b Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Bertrand Russell", 1 May 2003
  2. ^ Hestler, Anna (2001). Wales. Marshall Cavendish. m/s. 53. ISBN 978-0-7614-1195-6.
  3. ^ Ludlow, Peter, "Descriptions", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = [1].
  4. ^ Richard Rempel (1979). "From Imperialism to Free Trade: Couturat, Halevy and Russell's First Crusade". Journal of the History of Ideas. University of Pennsylvania Press. 40 (3): 423–443. doi:10.2307/2709246. JSTOR 2709246.
  5. ^ Bertrand Russell (1988) [1917]. Political Ideals. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10907-8.
  6. ^ Samoiloff, Louise Cripps. C.L.R. James: Memories and Commentaries, p. 19. Associated University Presses, 1997. ISBN 0-8453-4865-5
  7. ^ The Nobel Foundation (1950). Bertrand Russell: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950. Retrieved on 11 June 2007.
  8. ^ Structural Realism: entry by James Ladyman in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Rujukan tambahan

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  • 1900, Sur la logique des relations avec des applications à la théorie des séries, Rivista di matematica 7: 115–148.
  • 1901, On the Notion of Order, Mind (n.s.) 10: 35–51.
  • 1902, (with Alfred North Whitehead), On Cardinal Numbers, American Journal of Mathematics 23: 367–384.
  • 1948, BBC Reith Lectures: Authority and the Individual A series of six radio lectures broadcast on the BBC Home Service in December 1948.

Rujukan sekunder

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  • John Newsome Crossley. A Note on Cantor's Theorem and Russell's Paradox, Australian Journal of Philosophy 51: 70–71.
  • Ivor Grattan-Guinness, 2000. The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940. Princeton University Press.
  • Bertrand Russell: A Political Life by Alan Ryan 1981

Buku berkaitan falsafah Russell

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  • Bertrand Russell: Critical Assessments, edited by A. D. Irvine, 4 volumes, London: Routledge, 1999. Consists of essays on Russell's work by many distinguished philosophers.
  • Bertrand Russell, by John Slater, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1994.
  • Bertrand Russell's Ethics. by Michael K. Potter, Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum, 2006. A clear and accessible explanation of Russell's moral philosophy.
  • The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by P.A. Schilpp, Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University, 1944.
  • Russell, by A. J. Ayer, London: Fontana, 1972. ISBN 0-00-632965-9. A lucid summary exposition of Russell's thought.
  • The Lost Cause: Causation and the Mind-Body Problem, by Celia Green. Oxford: Oxford Forum, 2003. ISBN 0-9536772-1-4 Contains a sympathetic analysis of Russell's views on causality.
  • Russell's Idealist Apprenticeship, by Nicholas Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Buku biografi

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Baccan lanjut

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  • Bertrand Russell. 1967–1969, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 3 volumes, London: George Allen & Unwin.
  • Wallechinsky, David & Irving Wallace. 1975–1981, "Famous Marriages Bertrand Russell & Alla Pearsall Smith, Part 1" & "Part 3", on "Alys" Pearsall Smith, webpage content from The People's Almanac, webpages: Part 1 & Part 3 (accessed 8 November 2008).
  • Russell B, (1944) "My Mental Development", in Schilpp, Paul Arturn "The Philosophy of Betrand Russell", New York, Tudorm 1951, pp 3–20

Pautan luar

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Penulisan lain dalam talian
Audio
Lain-lain
Bangsawan United Kingdom
Didahului oleh
Frank Russell
Earl Russell
1931–1970
Diikuti oleh:
John Russell

Templat:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1926–1950