Presiden Afghanistan: Perbezaan antara semakan
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Baris 1: | Baris 1: | ||
{{Infobox official post |
{{Infobox official post |
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|post = Presiden |
| post = Presiden |
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|body = |
| body = Republik Islam Afghanistan |
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|native_name = |
| native_name = د افغانستان ولسمشر ([[Pashto]])<br>رئیس جمهور افغانستان ([[Dari]]) |
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|insignia = Emblem of Afghanistan (2013–2021 |
| insignia = Emblem of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg |
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|insigniasize = 125px |
| insigniasize = 125px |
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|insigniacaption = |
| insigniacaption = [[Lambang Afghanistan|Lambang Republik Islam Afghanistan]] |
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| flag = Standard of the President of Afghanistan.svg |
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| flagborder = yes |
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| flagcaption = [[Bendera Afghanistan|Piawaian presiden]] |
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| image = |
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|incumbentsince = 29 September 2014 |
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| imagesize = |
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|style = Yang Mulia (Rasmi) <br/> Tuan Yang Terutama (Diplomatik) |
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| imagecaption = |
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|residence = [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]] |
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| status = Pejabat dimansuhkan |
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|appointer = Terus kepada undi popular |
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| residence = [[Arg (Kabul)|Arg]] |
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|termlength = Lima tahun, diperbaharui sekali |
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| seat = [[Kabul]] |
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|formation = 17 Julai 1973 (Republik)<br>7 Disember 2004 (Republik Islam) |
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| appointer = [[Pemilihan langsung]] |
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|inaugural = [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]] (Republik)<br>[[Hamid Karzai]] (Republik Islam) |
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| member_of = [[Kabinet Afghanistan|Kabinet]] |
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|website = [http://president.gov.af/en Pejabat Presiden] |
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| termlength = 5 tahun, boleh diperbaharui sekali |
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| first = [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]] |
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| last = [[Ashraf Ghani]] |
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| formation = {{indented plainlist| |
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*{{start date|df=y|1973|7|17}} (asli) |
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*{{start date|df=y|2004|12|7}} (kini) |
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}} |
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| abolished = {{End date|2021|8|15|df=yes}} |
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| superseded_by = [[Pemimpin Emiriah Islam Afghanistan|Pemimpin Tertinggi]] |
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| deputy = [[Naib Presiden Afghanistan|Naib Presiden]] |
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| salary = {{currency|960000|AFN}} sebulan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wadsam.com/afghan-business-news/afghanistans-lower-house-approves-president-karzais-salary-and-expenses-amount-2323/|title=Afghanistan's lower house approves President Karzai's salary and expenses amount|work=Wadsam|date=1 Jun 2013|access-date=15 Ogos 2021}}</ref> |
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| website = president.gov.af (nyahaktif)<br>([https://web.archive.org/web/20210815124034/https://president.gov.af/en/ 15 Ogos 2021 arkib]) |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Presiden [[Afghanistan|Republik Islam Afghanistan]]''' adalah [[ketua negara]] Afghanistan. |
'''Presiden [[Afghanistan|Republik Islam Afghanistan]]''' adalah [[ketua negara]] Afghanistan. |
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Baris 26: | Baris 38: | ||
=== |
=== Presiden Afghanistan === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
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|+ |
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|- |
|- |
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! width=" |
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="20%" | Nama |
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! rowspan="2" width="100px" | Potret |
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!Name |
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! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Jangka hayat |
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!Portrait |
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! width="20%" | |
! colspan="3" width="20%" | Tempoh jawatan |
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! width="20%" | |
! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Gabungan politik |
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! width="20%" | Political Affiliation |
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|- |
|- |
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! Mula menjawat |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | '''[[Republic of Afghanistan]] (1973–1978)''' |
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! Tamat jawatan |
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! Tempoh |
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|- |
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|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"| '''[[Republik Afghanistan (1973–1978)]]''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="1" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| rowspan="3" | '''[[Mohammad Daoud Khan]]''' |
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| rowspan="3" | [[File:Sardar Mohammed Daud.jpg|100px]] |
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| rowspan="3" | 1909–1978 |
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| rowspan="2" | 17 Julai 1973 |
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| rowspan="2" | 28 April 1978 |
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| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1973|7|17|1978|4|28}} |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]]<br/>{{small|(sehingga 1974)}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| [[Parti Revolusi Nasional Afghanistan|Parti Revolusi Nasional]] |
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| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''[[Mohammed Daoud Khan]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" align="center" | |
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| rowspan="2" align="center" | 17 July 1973 |
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| rowspan="2" align="center" | 28 April 1978 |
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| align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br>{{small|(until 1976)}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|[[Presiden Afghanistan|Presiden]]; Ahli dinasti Barakzai (sepupu pertama Mohammed Zahir Shah); Dibunuh bersama kebanyakan keluarganya semasa [[Revolusi Saur]];<ref>"Oleh itu, tidak banyak yang menghalang serangan yang dilakukan oleh Briged Berperisai Ke-4 pemberontak, diketuai oleh Mejar [[Mohammad Aslam Watanjar]], yang juga terkenal dalam rampasan kuasa Daoud sendiri lima tahun sebelumnya. Watanjar mula-mula mengamankan lapangan terbang, di mana ketua rampasan kuasa yang lain, Kolonel Abdul Qadir, pergi dengan helikopter ke [[Lapangan Udara Bagram|pangkalan udara Bagram]]. Di sana dia mengambil alih dan mengatur serangan udara ke atas [[Arg (Kabul)|istana presiden]], di mana Daoud dan pengawal presiden sedang menjalankan pertahanan terdesak. Pertempuran berterusan sepanjang hari dan ke malam, apabila pertahanan akhirnya kewalahan. Daoud dan hampir semua ahli keluarganya, termasuk wanita dan kanak-kanak, mati dalam pertempuran itu. Secara keseluruhannya mungkin terdapat sebanyak dua ribu kematian, baik tentera mahupun awam." p. 88 of Ewans, Martin (2002) ''Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics'' HarperCollins, New York, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rpS-j5uSetAC&pg=RA1-PA88&sig=QtdTpTnFrys0BuZxn37-RdB8QEU Page 88] {{ISBN|0-06-050507-9}}</ref> Kononnya dibunuh kerana enggan menyerah diri kepada pihak berkuasa baharu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/29/newsid_2970000/2970317.stm|title=1978: Afghan coup rebels claim victory|date=April 29, 1978|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name=NYT2/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghaus |first=Abdul Samad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3616 |title=The fall of Afghanistan: an insider's account |date=1988 |publisher=Pergamon-Brassey's Intern. Defense Publ |isbn=978-0-08-034701-1 |location=Washington |pages=200}}</ref>}} |
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! |
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|[[National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan|National Revolutionary Party]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"| '''[[Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] (1978–1992)''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | [[Kolonel]]<br />'''[[Abdul Qadir]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS--> |
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| align="center" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1944–2014 |
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| |
| 28 April 1978 |
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| 30 April 1978 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Khalq]] faction)}}'' |
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| {{ayd|1978|4|28|1978|4|30}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan|Parti Demokratik Rakyat]]<br/>''{{small|([[Khalq]] puak)}}'' |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi Presidium [[Majlis Revolusi (Afghanistan)|Majlis Revolusi Tentera]].}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Nur Muhammad Taraki]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Nur Muhammad Taraki.png|100px]] |
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| align="center" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1917–1979 |
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| 30 April 1978 |
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| align="center" | 14 September 1979 |
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| 14 September 1979 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Khalq]] faction)}}'' |
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| {{ayd|1978|4|30|1979|9|14}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan|Parti Demokratik Rakyat]]<br/>''{{small|([[Khalq]] puak)}}'' |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi Presidium [[Majlis Revolusi (Afghanistan)|Majlis Revolusi]]; Dibunuh atas arahan [[Hafizullah Amin]].}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Hafizullah Amin]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS--> |
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| align="center" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1929–1979 |
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| |
| 14 September 1979 |
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| 27 Disember 1979 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Khalq]] faction)}}'' |
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| {{ayd|1979|9|14|1979|12|27}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan|Parti Demokratik Rakyat]]<br/>''{{small|([[Khalq]] puak)}}'' |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Dibunuh oleh [[Spetsnaz GRU|pasukan khas Soviet]] semasa [[Serangan Istana Tajbeg|Operasi Ribut-333]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8428701.stm|title=How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace|date=27 December 2009|publisher=BBC|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Babrak Karmal]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS--> |
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| align="center" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1929–1996 |
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| 27 Disember 1979 |
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| align="center" | 24 November 1986 |
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| 24 November 1986 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Parcham]] faction)}}'' |
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| {{ayd|1979|12|27|1986|11|24}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan|Parti Demokratik Rakyat]]<br/>''{{small|([[Parcham]] puak)}}'' |
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|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Diketepikan.}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background:{{Independent |
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Haji Mohammad Chamkani]]''' |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS--> |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1947–2012 |
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| 24 November 1986 |
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| align="center" | 30 September 1987 |
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| 30 September 1987 |
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| align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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| {{ayd|1986|11|24|1987|9|30}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]] |
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! |
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| align="center" | '''[[Mohammad Najibullah]]''' |
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| align="center" | [[File:Mohammad Najibullah 1986.jpg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | 30 September 1987 |
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| align="center" | ''30 November 1987'' |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Parcham]] faction)}}'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Dilantik sebagai sebahagian daripada proses [[Perdamaian Nasional (Afghanistan)|Perdamaian Nasional]].}} |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | '''[[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Republic of Afghanistan]] (1987–1992)''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | '''[[Mohammad Najibullah]]''' |
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| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Mohammad Najibullah 1986.jpg|100px]] |
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| rowspan=" |
| rowspan="3" | 1947–1996 |
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| rowspan="2 |
| rowspan="2" | 30 September 1987 |
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| rowspan="2" | 16 April 1992 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]]<br>''{{small|([[Parcham]] faction)}}''<br>{{small|(until 1990)}} |
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| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1987|9|30|1992|4|16}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan|Parti Demokratik Rakyat]]<br/>''{{small|([[Parcham]] puak)}}''<br/>{{small|(until 1990)}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan#Parti Tanah Air|Parti Tanah Air]] |
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| align="center" | |
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|- |
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|[[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan#Homeland Party|Homeland Party]] |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Presiden (Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi sehingga 30 November 1987); Letak jawatan.}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan}}" | |
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! |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Abdul Rahim Hatif]]''' |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]]<!--DO NOT ADD A NON-FREE IMAGE FOR THIS PERSON - ONLY FREELY LICENCED IMAGES ARE ALLOWED FOR LISTS. SEE WP:NFLISTS--> |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1926–2013 |
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| |
| 16 April 1992 |
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| 28 April 1992 |
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| align="center" | [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan#Homeland Party|Homeland Party]] |
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| {{ayd|1992|4|16|1992|4|28}} |
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| [[Parti Demokratik Rakyat Afghanistan#Parti Tanah Air|Parti Tanah Air]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pemangku Presiden; Digulingkan.}} |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | '''[[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (1992–2002)''' |
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|- |
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|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"| '''[[Negara Islam Afghanistan]] (1992–2002)''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background:grey" | |
! rowspan="2" style="background:grey" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Sibghatullah Mojaddedi]]''' |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Mojaddedi in September 2014.jpg|100px]] |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1926–2019 |
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| 28 April 1992 |
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| 28 Jun 1992 |
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| align="center" | [[National Liberation Front of Afghanistan|National Liberation Front]] |
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| {{ayd|1992|4|28|1992|6|28}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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| Barisan Pembebasan Kebangsaan Afghanistan |
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! |
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|- |
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| align="center" | '''[[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]''' |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pemangku Presiden; Letak jawatan.}} |
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| align="center" | [[File:Burhanuddin Rabbani Cropped DVIDS.jpg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | 28 June 1992 |
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| align="center" | 22 December 2001 |
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| align="center" | [[Jamiat-e Islami]] |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background:{{ |
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Jamiat-e Islami}}" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Burhanuddin Rabbani]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Burhanuddin Rabbani Cropped DVIDS.jpg|100px]] |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | 1940–2011 |
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| 28 Jun 1992 |
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| align="center" | ''13 July 2002'' |
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| 22 Disember 2001 |
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| align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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| {{ayd|1992|6|28|2001|12|22}} |
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| [[Jamiat-e Islami]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Presiden; Melarikan diri dari Kabul berikutan [[Pertempuran Kabul (1992–1996)|jatuh ke tangan Taliban]] pada 27 September 1996;<ref name=NYT8>{{cite web |work= The New York Times |title= Afghan Fundamentalists Sweep Into Kabul |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/27/world/afghan-fundamentalists-sweep-into-kabul.html |date=27 September 1996 |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> Terus berkhidmat sebagai presiden di kawasan yang dikawal oleh [[Perikatan Utara]] semasa [[Perang Saudara Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Perang Saudara 1996–2001]] sehingga dikembalikan semula sepenuhnya berikutan [[Pengepungan Kabul (2001)|penawanan semula Kabul]] pada 13 November 2001; Antara 1996 dan 2001, Negara Islam kekal sebagai kerajaan yang diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa, walaupun hanya menguasai kira-kira 10% wilayah Afghanistan.}} |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | '''[[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1996–2001)''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background: |
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Hamid Karzai]]''' |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Hamid Karzai listens to Barack Obama in Kabul 2012 (cropped).jpg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | lahir 1957 |
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| |
| 22 Disember 2001 |
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| ''13 Julai 2002'' |
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| align="center" | [[Taliban]] |
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| {{ayd|2001|12|22|2002|7|13}} |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]] |
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! style="background:black" | |
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| align="center" | [[Mullah]]<br />'''[[Mohammad Rabbani]]''' |
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| align="center" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | 27 September 1996 |
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| align="center" | 13 April 2001 |
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| align="center" | [[Taliban]] |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background:black" | |
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| align="center" | [[Mawlawi (Islamic title)|Maulavi]]<br />'''[[Abdul Kabir]]''' |
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| align="center" | [[File:No image.svg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | 16 April 2001 |
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| align="center" | 13 November 2001 |
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| align="center" | [[Taliban]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Pengerusi [[Pentadbiran Interim Afghanistan]]; Dilantik oleh [[Persidangan Bonn (Afghanistan)|Persidangan Bonn 2001]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bonn Agreement |url=https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/AF_011205_AgreementProvisionalArrangementsinAfghanistan%28en%29.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs]] |access-date=30 Jun 2022 |date=5 Disember 2001}}</ref>}} |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | '''[[Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan]] (2002–2004)''' |
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|- |
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|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"| '''[[Negara Islam Peralihan Afghanistan]] (2002–2004)''' |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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! style="background:{{Independent |
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Hamid Karzai]]''' |
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| |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Hamid Karzai listens to Barack Obama in Kabul 2012 (cropped).jpg|100px]] |
||
| |
| rowspan="2" | lahir 1957 |
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| ''13 Julai 2002'' |
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| ''7 Disember 2004'' |
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| align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
|||
| {{ayd|2002|7|13|2004|12|7}} |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Presiden Peralihan; Dilantik oleh [[Loya jirga 2002]].}} |
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| colspan="6" bgcolor="" align="center" | '''[[Afghanistan|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] (2004–2021)''' |
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|- style="background:" |
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! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}" | |
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| align="center" | '''[[Hamid Karzai]]''' |
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| align="center" | [[File:Hamid Karzai 2004-06-14.jpg|100px]] |
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| align="center" | ''7 December 2004'' |
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| align="center" | 29 September 2014 |
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| align="center" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey"| '''[[Republik Islam Afghanistan]] (2004–2021)''' |
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! |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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|align="center" |'''[[Ashraf Ghani]]''' |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| |
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| rowspan="2" | '''[[Hamid Karzai]]''' |
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|align="center" |29 September 2014 |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Hamid Karzai listens to Barack Obama in Kabul 2012 (cropped).jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center" |15 August 2021 |
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| rowspan="2" | lahir 1957 |
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|align="center" |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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| ''7 Disember 2004'' |
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| 29 September 2014 |
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| {{ayd|2004|12|7|2014|9|29}} |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Presiden; Ketua negara pertama yang dipilih secara demokrasi; Dipilih dalam [[Pilihan raya presiden Afghanistan 2004|2004]] dan dipilih semula dalam [[Pilihan raya presiden Afghanistan 2009|2009]].}} |
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! |
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|- style="background:#EEEEEE" |
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|align="center" |[[Abdullah Abdullah]] |
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! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
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| |
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| rowspan="2" | '''[[Ashraf Ghani]]''' |
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|align="center" |16 April 2001 |
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:Ashraf Ghani December 2014.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center" |1 August 2020 |
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| rowspan="2" | lahir 1949 |
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|align="center" |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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| 29 September 2014 |
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| 15 Ogos 2021 |
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| {{ayd|2014|9|29|2021|8|15}} |
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| [[Ahli politik bebas|Bebas]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| colspan="4" align=left| {{small|Presiden; Pertama [[peralihan kuasa secara aman]]; Dipilih dalam [[Pilihan raya presiden Afghanistan 2014|2014]] dan dipilih semula pada [[Pilihan raya presiden Afghanistan 2019|2019]]; Digulingkan semasa [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|kejatuhan Kabul]].}} |
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! |
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|align="center" |[[Ashraf Ghani]] |
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| |
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|align="center" |1 August 2020 |
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|align="center" |15 August 2021 |
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|align="center" |[[Independent]] |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
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|align="center" |[[Ali Ahmad Jalali]] |
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| |
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|align="center" |15 August 2021 |
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|align="center" |15 August 2021 |
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|align="center" |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |
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|} |
|} |
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Semakan semasa pada 06:41, 29 Oktober 2024
Presiden Republik Islam Afghanistan | |
---|---|
د افغانستان ولسمشر (Pashto) رئیس جمهور افغانستان (Dari) | |
Status | Pejabat dimansuhkan |
Anggota bagi | Cabinet of Afghanistan (en) |
Bidang kuasa | Afghanistan |
Kediaman | Arg |
Pusat | Kabul |
Dilantik oleh | Pemilihan langsung |
Tempoh jawatan | 5 tahun, boleh diperbaharui sekali |
Dibentuk |
|
Pemegang pertama | Mohammed Daoud Khan |
Pemegang akhir | Ashraf Ghani |
Dimansuhkan | 15 Ogos 2021 |
Digantikan oleh | Pemimpin Tertinggi |
Timbalan/naib | Naib Presiden |
Gaji | ؋960,000 sebulan[1] |
Senarai | List of presidents of Afghanistan (en) |
Tapak web | president.gov.af (nyahaktif) (15 Ogos 2021 arkib) |
sunting · sunting di Wikidata |
Presiden Republik Islam Afghanistan adalah ketua negara Afghanistan.
Sebelum jawatan Presiden Republik Islam Afghanistan telah dicipta pada tahun 2004, Afghanistan ialah republik di antara tahun 1973 dan 1992 dan dari tahun 2001 dan seterusnya. Sebelum tahun 1973, ia adalah monarki. Antara 1992 dan 2001, semasa perang saudara, negara ini telah diiktiraf sebagai Negara Islam Afghanistan dan Emiriah Islam Afghanistan.
Kuasa
[sunting | sunting sumber]Perlembagaan Afghanistan memberi kuasa presiden yang luas ke atas hal ehwal ketenteraan dan perundangan, perhimpunan dwidewan negara yang agak lemah, Wolesi Jirga dan Meshrano Jirga. Presiden hanya boleh berkhidmat sehingga dua penggal lima tahun. Hamid Karzai memulakan tempoh lima tahun pertama pada tahun 2004.[2]
Presiden Afghanistan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nama | Potret | Jangka hayat | Tempoh jawatan | Gabungan politik | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mula menjawat | Tamat jawatan | Tempoh | |||||
Republik Afghanistan (1973–1978) | |||||||
Mohammad Daoud Khan | 1909–1978 | 17 Julai 1973 | 28 April 1978 | 4 tahun, 285 hari | Bebas (sehingga 1974) | ||
Parti Revolusi Nasional | |||||||
Presiden; Ahli dinasti Barakzai (sepupu pertama Mohammed Zahir Shah); Dibunuh bersama kebanyakan keluarganya semasa Revolusi Saur;[3] Kononnya dibunuh kerana enggan menyerah diri kepada pihak berkuasa baharu.[4][5][6] | |||||||
Republik Demokratik Afghanistan (1978–1992) | |||||||
Kolonel Abdul Qadir |
1944–2014 | 28 April 1978 | 30 April 1978 | 2 hari | Parti Demokratik Rakyat (Khalq puak) | ||
Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi Tentera. | |||||||
Nur Muhammad Taraki | 1917–1979 | 30 April 1978 | 14 September 1979 | 1 tahun, 137 hari | Parti Demokratik Rakyat (Khalq puak) | ||
Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Dibunuh atas arahan Hafizullah Amin. | |||||||
Hafizullah Amin | 1929–1979 | 14 September 1979 | 27 Disember 1979 | 104 hari | Parti Demokratik Rakyat (Khalq puak) | ||
Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Dibunuh oleh pasukan khas Soviet semasa Operasi Ribut-333.[7] | |||||||
Babrak Karmal | 1929–1996 | 27 Disember 1979 | 24 November 1986 | 6 tahun, 332 hari | Parti Demokratik Rakyat (Parcham puak) | ||
Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Diketepikan. | |||||||
Haji Mohammad Chamkani | 1947–2012 | 24 November 1986 | 30 September 1987 | 310 hari | Bebas | ||
Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi; Dilantik sebagai sebahagian daripada proses Perdamaian Nasional. | |||||||
Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 September 1987 | 16 April 1992 | 4 tahun, 199 hari | Parti Demokratik Rakyat (Parcham puak) (until 1990) | ||
Parti Tanah Air | |||||||
Presiden (Pengerusi Presidium Majlis Revolusi sehingga 30 November 1987); Letak jawatan. | |||||||
Abdul Rahim Hatif | 1926–2013 | 16 April 1992 | 28 April 1992 | 12 hari | Parti Tanah Air | ||
Pemangku Presiden; Digulingkan. | |||||||
Negara Islam Afghanistan (1992–2002) | |||||||
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | 1926–2019 | 28 April 1992 | 28 Jun 1992 | 61 hari | Barisan Pembebasan Kebangsaan Afghanistan | ||
Pemangku Presiden; Letak jawatan. | |||||||
Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 28 Jun 1992 | 22 Disember 2001 | 9 tahun, 177 hari | Jamiat-e Islami | ||
Presiden; Melarikan diri dari Kabul berikutan jatuh ke tangan Taliban pada 27 September 1996;[8] Terus berkhidmat sebagai presiden di kawasan yang dikawal oleh Perikatan Utara semasa Perang Saudara 1996–2001 sehingga dikembalikan semula sepenuhnya berikutan penawanan semula Kabul pada 13 November 2001; Antara 1996 dan 2001, Negara Islam kekal sebagai kerajaan yang diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa, walaupun hanya menguasai kira-kira 10% wilayah Afghanistan. | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | lahir 1957 | 22 Disember 2001 | 13 Julai 2002 | 203 hari | Bebas | ||
Pengerusi Pentadbiran Interim Afghanistan; Dilantik oleh Persidangan Bonn 2001.[9] | |||||||
Negara Islam Peralihan Afghanistan (2002–2004) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | lahir 1957 | 13 Julai 2002 | 7 Disember 2004 | 2 tahun, 147 hari | Bebas | ||
Presiden Peralihan; Dilantik oleh Loya jirga 2002. | |||||||
Republik Islam Afghanistan (2004–2021) | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | lahir 1957 | 7 Disember 2004 | 29 September 2014 | 9 tahun, 296 hari | Bebas | ||
Presiden; Ketua negara pertama yang dipilih secara demokrasi; Dipilih dalam 2004 dan dipilih semula dalam 2009. | |||||||
Ashraf Ghani | lahir 1949 | 29 September 2014 | 15 Ogos 2021 | 6 tahun, 320 hari | Bebas | ||
Presiden; Pertama peralihan kuasa secara aman; Dipilih dalam 2014 dan dipilih semula pada 2019; Digulingkan semasa kejatuhan Kabul. |
Pilihan raya terbaru
[sunting | sunting sumber]Calon | Parti | Pusingan pertama | Pusingan kedua (keputusan terakhir) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undi | % | Undi | % | |||
Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai | Bebas | 2,084,547 | 31.56 | 4,485,888 | 56.44 | |
Abdullah Abdullah | Gabungan Negara | 2,972,141 | 45.00 | 3,461,639 | 43.56 | |
Zalmai Rassoul | Bebas | 750,997 | 11.37 | |||
Abdul Rasul Sayyaf | Dakwah Islam | 465,207 | 7.04 | |||
Qutbuddin Hilal | Bebas | 181,827 | 2.75 | |||
Gul Agha Sherzai | Bebas | 103,636 | 1.57 | |||
Mohammad Daud Sultanzoy | Bebas | 30,685 | 0.46 | |||
Hedayat Amin Arsala | Bebas | 15,506 | 0.23 | |||
Tidak sah/undi kosong | – | – | ||||
Jumlah | 6,604,546 | 100 | 7,947,527 | 100 | ||
Undi berdaftar/muncul sebagai | ||||||
Sumber: IEC IEC |
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Afghanistan's lower house approves President Karzai's salary and expenses amount". Wadsam. 1 Jun 2013. Dicapai pada 15 Ogos 2021.
- ^ "Meshrano Jirga". Government of Afghanistan. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-02-08. Dicapai pada 2009-07-15. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=
ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Oleh itu, tidak banyak yang menghalang serangan yang dilakukan oleh Briged Berperisai Ke-4 pemberontak, diketuai oleh Mejar Mohammad Aslam Watanjar, yang juga terkenal dalam rampasan kuasa Daoud sendiri lima tahun sebelumnya. Watanjar mula-mula mengamankan lapangan terbang, di mana ketua rampasan kuasa yang lain, Kolonel Abdul Qadir, pergi dengan helikopter ke pangkalan udara Bagram. Di sana dia mengambil alih dan mengatur serangan udara ke atas istana presiden, di mana Daoud dan pengawal presiden sedang menjalankan pertahanan terdesak. Pertempuran berterusan sepanjang hari dan ke malam, apabila pertahanan akhirnya kewalahan. Daoud dan hampir semua ahli keluarganya, termasuk wanita dan kanak-kanak, mati dalam pertempuran itu. Secara keseluruhannya mungkin terdapat sebanyak dua ribu kematian, baik tentera mahupun awam." p. 88 of Ewans, Martin (2002) Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics HarperCollins, New York, Page 88 ISBN 0-06-050507-9
- ^ "1978: Afghan coup rebels claim victory". April 29, 1978 – melalui news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaNYT2
- ^ Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988). The fall of Afghanistan: an insider's account. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's Intern. Defense Publ. m/s. 200. ISBN 978-0-08-034701-1.
- ^ "How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace". BBC. 27 December 2009. Dicapai pada 3 August 2021.
- ^ "Afghan Fundamentalists Sweep Into Kabul". The New York Times. 27 September 1996. Dicapai pada 30 March 2022.
- ^ "Bonn Agreement" (PDF). United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs. 5 Disember 2001. Dicapai pada 30 Jun 2022.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Kepresidenan Afghanistan - Laman web rasmi Pejabat Presiden Afghanistan