Прејди на содржината

Список на најголеми познати ѕвезди

Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија
Преработка од 22:47, 27 август 2024; направена од Инокентиј (разговор | придонеси)
(разл) ← Претходна преработка | Последна преработка (разл) | Следна преработка → (разл)
Проверена верзија на оваа страница, одобрена на 27 август 2024, се засноваше на оваа преработка.
Односни величини на планетите во Сончевиот Систем и неколку познати ѕвезди:

Ова е список на најголемите ѕвезди со познати димензии. Големината е изразена во Сончеви полупречници (прибл. 695.700 км).

Точниот редослед на списокот останува непотполн поради големите недоумици при добивањето на параметрите во пресметките, особено сјајноста и делотворната температура. Многу ѕвездени полупречници можат да се изразат само како просек или во голем вредносен опсег. Вредностите знајачно се разликуваат од еден извор до друг, зависно од брановата должина на набљудување.

Полупречниците на неколку ѕвезди се добиени непосредно по интерферометриски пат. Други се откриени по прикривања (окултации) или од затемнувачки двојки, кои ги испробуваат другите непосредни начини за да ја утврдат вистинската големина. Само неколку корисни суперџиновски ѕвезди подлежат на затскривања од Месечината, какви што се Антарес и Алдебаран. Примери за затемнувачки двојки се Епсилон Кочијаш, VV Кефеј, HR 5171 и црвената џиновска двојка KIC 9246715 во соѕвездието Лебед.[1]

Список

[уреди | уреди извор]

Напомена: Обоените редови се тела наведени за споредба.

Список на најголеми ѕвезди
Име на ѕвездата Сончеви полупречници
(Сонце = 1) 		Начин
Сатурнова орбита 1.940–2.169
UY Штит 1.708 ± 192[2] AD
NML Лебед 1.640[3], 1.183[4]–2.770[3] L/Teff
WOH G64 1.540 ± 77[5] L/Teff
RW Кефеј 1.535 [6][7] L/Teff
Вестерлунд 1-26 1.530-1.580[8] L/Teff
VX Стрелец 1.520[9] L/Teff
KY Лебед 1.420–2.850 [10] L/Teff
VY Големо Куче 1.420 ± 120[11] AD
AH Скорпија 1.411 ± 124[2] AD
VV Кефеј A 1.400[12], 1.050[13]–1.900[10]
RSGC1-F02 1.398[14] L/Teff
IRC+10420 (V1302 Орел) 1.342[4] L/Teff
RSGC1-F01 1.335[14] L/Teff
HR 5171 A 1.315 ± 260[15], 1.575 ± 400[16] AD
SMC 18136 1.310[17]
PZ Касиопеја 1.260-1.340[18] 1.190-1.940[10] L/Teff
Ми Кефеј 1.260[19]
LMC 136042 1.240[17]
BI Лебед 1.240[10] L/Teff
SMC 5092 1.220[17]
S Персеј 1.212 ± 124[20] AD и L/Teff
LMC 175464 1.200[17]
LMC 135720 1.200[17]
RAFGL 2139 1.200[21]
SMC 69886 1.190[17]
RSGC1-F05 1.177[14] L/Teff
EV Кобилица 1.168[22]-2.880[23] L/Teff
RSGC1-F03 1.168[14] L/Teff
LMC 119219 1.150[17]
RSGC1-F08 1.146[14] L/Teff
BC Лебед 1.140[10]-1.230[19] L/Teff
SMC 10889 1.130[17]
LMC 141430 1.110[17]
LMC 175746 1.100[17]
RSGC1-F13 1.098[14] L/Teff
RT Кобилица 1.090[10] L/Teff
RSGC1-F04 1.082[14] L/Teff
LMC 174714 1.080[17]
LMC 68125 1.080[17]
SMC 49478 1.080[17]
SMC 20133 1.080[17]
V396 Кентаур 1.070[10] L/Teff
SMC 8930 1.070[17]
Јупитерова орбита 1.064–1.173
HV 11423 1.060–1.220[24] L/Teff
CK Кобилица 1.060[10] L/Teff
SMC 25879 1.060[17]
LMC 142202 1.050[17]
LMC 146126 1.050[17]
LMC 67982 1.040[17]
U Гуштер 1.022[9] L/Teff
RSGC1-F11 1.015[14] L/Teff
LMC 143877 1.010[17]
KW Стрелец 1.009[2]-1.460[10] AD и L/Teff
SMC 46497 990[17]
LMC 140296 990[17]
RSGC1-F09 986[14] L/Teff
NR Лисица 980[10] L/Teff
SMC 12322 980[17]
LMC 177997 980[17]
SMC 59803 970[17]
GCIRS 7 960 ± 92[25] AD
Бетелгез (Алфа Орион) 955 ± 217[26] AD
SMC 50840 950[17]
RSGC1-F10 931[14] L/Teff
S Касиопеја 930[27][28]
IX Кобилица 920[10] L/Teff
HV 2112 916[29] L/Teff
RSGC1-F07 910[14] L/Teff
LMC 54365 900[17]
NSV 25875 891[4] L/Teff
LMC 109106 890[17]
RSGC1-F06 885[14] L/Teff
LMC 116895 880[17]
SMC 30616 880[17]
LMC 64048 880[17]
V437 Штит 874[4] L/Teff
V602 Кобилица 860[10]-1.050[30] L/Teff и AD
V669 Касиопеја 859[4] L/Teff
SMC 55681 850[17]
SMC 15510 850[17]
LMC 61753 830[17]
LMC 62090 830[17]
SMC 11709 830[17]
V1185 Скорпија 830[4] L/Teff
Надворешни граници на астероидниот појас 816
LMC 142199 810[17]
LMC 134383 800[17]
BO Кобилица 790[10] L/Teff
LMC 142907 790[17]
SU Персеј 780[10] L/Teff
RS Персеј 770[31]-1.000[10] AD и L/Teff
AV Персеј 770[10] L/Teff
V355 Кефеј 770[10] L/Teff
V915 Скорпија 760[32] L/Teff
S Кефеј 760[33]
SMC 11939 750[17]
HD 303250 750[10]
V382 Кобилица 747[34]
RU Девица 742[33]
LMC 137818 740[17]
SMC 48122 740[17]
SMC 56732 730[17]
V648 Касиопеја 710[10] L/Teff
XX Персеј 710[35] L/Teff
TV Близнаци 620-710[36] (–770)[10] L/Teff
HD 179821 704[37]
LMC 169754 700[17]
LMC 65558 700[17]
V528 Кобилица 700[10] L/Teff
Следниве познати ѕвезди се наведени за споредба.
V354 Кефеј 690[9]-1.520[10] L/Teff
Антарес A (Алфа Скорпија A) 680[38] AD
CE Бик 608[39]
R Зајак 400–535[40]
Ро Касиопеја 400-500[41]
внатрешни граници на астероидниот појас 412
Мира A (Омикрон Кит) 332–402[42]
V509 Касиопеја 400–900[43]
CW Лав 390–500[44], 700[45]–826[4] L/Teff
V838 Еднорог 380 (in 2009)[46]
S Златна Рипка 100-380[47]
R Златна Рипка 370 ± 50[48]
Пиштол 340[49]
Ла Суперба (Y Ловечки Кучиња) 307[4]-390[50] L/Teff
Животопогоден појас на Сончевиот Систем 305
Марсова орбита 297–358
Алфа Херкул (Рас Алгети) 284 ± 60[51]
црвеноџиновска фаза на Сонцето 256[52]
Ета Кобилица A (Цин-ше) 250[53], 60–800[54]
Земјина орбита 211–219
Денеб (Алфа Лебед) 203 ± 17[55]
LBV 1806-20 200[56]
Венерина орбита 154–157
Епсилон Кочијаш A (Алмааз) 143-358[57]
WR 102ka 92[58]
Ригел A (Бета Орион A) 78,9[59]–115[60]
Канопус (Алфа Кобилица) 71 ± 4[61]
Меркурова орбита 66–100
Алдебаран (Алфа Бик) 44,13 ± 0,84[62]
Северница (Алфа Голема Мечка) 37,5[63]
R136a1 35,4[64]
Арктур (Алфа Воловар) 25,4 ± 0,2[65]
HDE 226868 20-22[66]
VV Кефеј B 13[67]-25[68]
хелиумосогорна фаза на Сонцето 10
Сонце 1

Поврзано

[уреди | уреди извор]

Наводи

[уреди | уреди извор]
  1. ↑ Hełminiak, K.G.; Ukita, N.; Kambe, E.; Konacki, M. (2015). „Absolute Stellar Parameters of KIC 09246715: A Double-giant Eclipsing System with a Solar-like Oscillator“. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 813 (2): L25. arXiv:1509.03340. Bibcode:2015ApJ...813L..25H. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/813/2/L25.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Arroyo-Torres, B; Wittkowski, M; Marcaide, J. M; Hauschildt, P. H (June 2013). „The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 554 (A76): A76. arXiv:1305.6179. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..76A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). „The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 De Beck, E.; Decin, L.; De Koter, A.; Justtanont, K.; Verhoelst, T.; Kemper, F.; Menten, K. M. (2010). „Probing the mass-loss history of AGB and red supergiant stars from CO rotational line profiles. II. CO line survey of evolved stars: Derivation of mass-loss rate formulae“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 523: A18. arXiv:1008.1083. Bibcode:2010A&A...523A..18D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913771.
  5. ↑ Levesque, Emily M; Massey, Philip; Plez, Bertrand; Olsen, Knut A. G (June 2009). „The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?“. Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. arXiv:0903.2260. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744.
  6. ↑ Humphreys, R. M. (1978). „Studies of luminous stars in nearby galaxies. I. Supergiants and O stars in the Milky Way“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 38: 309. Bibcode:1978ApJS...38..309H. doi:10.1086/190559.
  7. ↑ Davies, Ben; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Figer, Donald F. (2010). „The potential of red supergiants as extragalactic abundance probes at low spectral resolution“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (2): 1203. arXiv:1005.1008. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.1203D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16965.x.
  8. ↑ Wright, Nicholas J; Wesson, Roger; Drew, Janet E; Barentsen, Geert; Barlow, Michael J; Walsh, Jeremy R; Zijlstra, Albert; Drake, Jeremy J; Eislöffel, Jochen; Farnhill, Hywel J (2014). „The ionized nebula surrounding the red supergiant W26 in Westerlund 1“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 437: L1. arXiv:1309.4086. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437L...1W. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt127.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Mauron, N.; Josselin, E. (2011). „The mass-loss rates of red supergiants and the de Jager prescription“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 526: A156. arXiv:1010.5369. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.156M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201013993.
  10. ↑ 10,00 10,01 10,02 10,03 10,04 10,05 10,06 10,07 10,08 10,09 10,10 10,11 10,12 10,13 10,14 10,15 10,16 10,17 10,18 10,19 10,20 10,21 Table 4 in Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (2005). „The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought“. The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901.
  11. ↑ Wittkowski, M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Arroyo-Torres, B.; Marcaide, J. M. (2012). „Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY Canis Majoris based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: L12. arXiv:1203.5194. Bibcode:2012A&A...540L..12W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219126.
  12. ↑ Ridpath & Tirion 2001, стр. 112–113.
  13. ↑ Bauer, W. H.; Gull, T. R.; Bennett, P. D. (2008). „Spatial Extension in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Vv Cephei“. The Astronomical Journal. 136 (3): 1312. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1312H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1312.
  14. ↑ 14,00 14,01 14,02 14,03 14,04 14,05 14,06 14,07 14,08 14,09 14,10 14,11 Davies, B.; Figer, D. F.; Law, C. J.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Najarro, F.; Herrero, A.; MacKenty, J. W. (2008). „The Cool Supergiant Population of the Massive Young Star Cluster RSGC1“. The Astrophysical Journal. 676 (2): 1016–1028. arXiv:0711.4757. Bibcode:2008ApJ...676.1016D. doi:10.1086/527350.
  15. ↑ Chesneau, O.; Meilland, A.; Chapellier, E.; Millour, F.; Van Genderen, A. M.; Nazé, Y.; Smith, N.; Spang, A.; Smoker, J. V.; Dessart, L.; Kanaan, S.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Feast, M. W.; Groh, J. H.; Lobel, A.; Nardetto, N.; Otero, S.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Tekola, A. G.; Whitelock, P. A.; Arcos, C.; Curé, M.; Vanzi, L. (2014). „The yellow hypergiant HR 5171 A: Resolving a massive interacting binary in the common envelope phase“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 563: A71. arXiv:1401.2628v2. Bibcode:2014A&A...563A..71C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322421.
  16. ↑ Wittkowski, M; Abellan, F. J; Arroyo-Torres, B; Chiavassa, A; Guirado, J. C; Marcaide, J. M; Alberdi, A; De Wit, W. J; Hofmann, K.-H; Meilland, A; Millour, F; Mohamed, S; Sanchez-Bermudez, J (28 September 2017). „Multi-epoch VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the supergiant V766 Cen: Image of the close companion in front of the primary“. 1709: arXiv:1709.09430. arXiv:1709.09430. Bibcode:2017arXiv170909430W. Наводот journal бара |journal= (help)
  17. ↑ 17,00 17,01 17,02 17,03 17,04 17,05 17,06 17,07 17,08 17,09 17,10 17,11 17,12 17,13 17,14 17,15 17,16 17,17 17,18 17,19 17,20 17,21 17,22 17,23 17,24 17,25 17,26 17,27 17,28 17,29 17,30 17,31 17,32 17,33 17,34 17,35 17,36 17,37 17,38 17,39 17,40 17,41 17,42 17,43 17,44 Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K.A.G.; Plez, Bertrand; Meynet, Georges; Maeder, Andre (2006). „The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of Metallicity“. The Astrophysical Journal. 645 (2): 1102. arXiv:astro-ph/0603596. Bibcode:2006ApJ...645.1102L. doi:10.1086/504417.
  18. ↑ Kusuno, K.; Asaki, Y.; Imai, H.; Oyama, T. (2013). „Distance and Proper Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, Pz Cas, in Very Long Baseline Interferometry H2O Maser Astrometry“. The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (2): 107. arXiv:1308.3580. Bibcode:2013ApJ...774..107K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/107.
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (2007). „Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 469 (2): 671–680. arXiv:0705.0266. Bibcode:2007A&A...469..671J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353.
  20. ↑ Thompson, R. R.; Creech-Eakman, M. J. (2003). „Interferometric observations of the supergiant S Persei: Evidence for axial symmetry and the warm molecular layer“. American Astronomical Society Meeting 203. 203: 49.07. Bibcode:2003AAS...203.4907T.
  21. ↑ Gvaramadze, V. V.; Menten, K. M.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Langer, N.; MacKey, J.; Kraus, A.; Meyer, D. M.-A.; Kamiński, T. (2014). „IRC -10414: A bow-shock-producing red supergiant star“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437: 843. arXiv:1310.2245. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437..843G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1943.
  22. ↑ Van Loon, J. Th.; Cioni, M.-R. L.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Loup, C. (2005). „An empirical formula for the mass-loss rates of dust-enshrouded red supergiants and oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438: 273. arXiv:astro-ph/0504379. Bibcode:2005A&A...438..273V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042555.
  23. ↑ De Jager, C; Nieuwenhuijzen, H; Van Der Hucht, K. A (1988). „Mass loss rates in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram“. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN 0365-0138). 72: 259. Bibcode:1988A&AS...72..259D.
  24. ↑ Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Skiff, B. A. (2007). „HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC“. The Astrophysical Journal. 660: 301. arXiv:astro-ph/0701769. Bibcode:2007ApJ...660..301M. doi:10.1086/513182.
  25. ↑ Paumard, T; Pfuhl, O; Martins, F; Kervella, P; Ott, T; Pott, J.-U; Le Bouquin, J. B; Breitfelder, J; Gillessen, S; Perrin, G; Burtscher, L; Haubois, X; Brandner, W (2014). „GCIRS 7, a pulsating M1 supergiant at the Galactic centre . Physical properties and age“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 568: A85. arXiv:1406.5320. Bibcode:2014A&A...568A..85P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423991.
  26. ↑ Neilson, H. R.; Lester, J. B.; Haubois, X. (December 2011). „Weighing Betelgeuse: Measuring the Mass of α Orionis from Stellar Limb-darkening“. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics. Proceedings of a conference held at Lijiang, China in 14–20 April 2011. ASP Conference Series, Vol. 451: 117. arXiv:1109.4562. Bibcode:2010ASPC..425..103L.
  27. ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Schöier, F. L.; Olofsson, H. (2009). „Circumstellar molecular line emission from S-type AGB stars: mass-loss rates and SiO abundances“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 499 (2): 515–527. arXiv:0903.1672. Bibcode:2009A&A...499..515R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911730.
  28. ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Schöier, F. L.; Olofsson, H.; Lundgren, A. A. (2006). „Mass-loss properties of S-stars on the AGB“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 454 (2): L103. arXiv:astro-ph/0605664. Bibcode:2006A&A...454L.103R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065285.
  29. ↑ Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, P.; Zytkow, A. N.; Morrell, N. (1 September 2014). „Discovery of a Thorne-̇Żytkow object candidate in the Small Magellanic Cloud“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 443: L94. arXiv:1406.0001. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443L..94L. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu080.
  30. ↑ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Scholz, M.; Freytag, B.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Wood, P. R.; Abellan, F. J. (2015). „What causes the large extensions of red supergiant atmospheres?. Comparisons of interferometric observations with 1D hydrostatic, 3D convection, and 1D pulsating model atmospheres“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575: A50. arXiv:1501.01560. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..50A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425212.
  31. ↑ Baron, F.; Monnier, J. D.; Kiss, L. L.; Neilson, H. R.; Zhao, M.; Anderson, M.; Aarnio, A.; Pedretti, E.; Thureau, N.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; McAlister, H. A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. (2014). „CHARA/MIRC Observations of Two M Supergiants in Perseus OB1: Temperature, Bayesian Modeling, and Compressed Sensing Imaging“. The Astrophysical Journal. 785: 46. arXiv:1405.4032. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785...46B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/46.
  32. ↑ Stickland, D. J. (1985). „IRAS observations of the cool galactic hypergiants“. The Observatory. 105: 229. Bibcode:1985Obs...105..229S.
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). „The mass loss of C-rich giants“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429: 235. arXiv:astro-ph/0601366. Bibcode:2005A&A...429..235B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. pp. 235-246.
  34. ↑ „Carina Constellation: Facts, Myth, Star Map, Major Stars, Deep Sky Objects | Constellation Guide“. www.constellation-guide.com (англиски). Посетено на 2017-10-28.
  35. ↑ Fok, Thomas K. T.; Nakashima, Jun-Ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K.; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). „Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters“. The Astrophysical Journal. 760: 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65.
  36. ↑ Wasatonic, Richard P.; Guinan, Edward F.; Durbin, Allyn J. (2015). „V-Band, Near-IR, and TiO Photometry of the Semi-Regular Red Supergiant TV Geminorum: Long-Term Quasi-Periodic Changes in Temperature, Radius, and Luminosity“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 127 (956): 1010. Bibcode:2015PASP..127.1010W. doi:10.1086/683261.
  37. ↑ Hawkins, G. W; Skinner, C. J; Meixner, M. M; Jernigan, J. G; Arens, J. F; Keto, E; Graham, J. R (1995). „Discovery of an Extended Nebula around AFGL 2343 (HD 179821) at 10 Microns“. Astrophysical Journal v.452. 452: 314. Bibcode:1995ApJ...452..314H. doi:10.1086/176303.
  38. ↑ Ohnaka, K; Hofmann, K.-H; Schertl, D; Weigelt, G; Baffa, C; Chelli, A; Petrov, R; Robbe-Dubois, S (2013). „High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 555: A24. arXiv:1304.4800. Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..24O. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321063.
  39. ↑ http://www.newforestobservatory.com/2012/07/02/the-second-reddest-star-in-the-sky-119-tauri-ce-tauri/
  40. ↑ Hofmann, K.-H.; Eberhardt, M.; Driebe, T.; Schertl, D.; Scholz, M.; Schoeller, M.; Weigelt, G.; Wittkowski, M.; Woodruff, H. C. (2005). „Interferometric observations of the Mira star o Ceti with the VLTI/VINCI instrument in the near-infrared“. Proceedings of the 13th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars. 560: 651. Bibcode:2005ESASP.560..651H.
  41. ↑ Gorlova, N.; Lobel, A.; Burgasser, A. J.; Rieke, G. H.; Ilyin, I.; Stauffer, J. R. (2006). „On the CO Near‐Infrared Band and the Line‐splitting Phenomenon in the Yellow Hypergiant ρ Cassiopeiae“. The Astrophysical Journal. 651 (2): 1130–1150. arXiv:astro-ph/0607158. Bibcode:2006ApJ...651.1130G. doi:10.1086/507590.
  42. ↑ Woodruff, H. C.; Eberhardt, M.; Driebe, T.; Hofmann, K.-H.; и др. (2004). „Interferometric observations of the Mira star o Ceti with the VLTI/VINCI instrument in the near-infrared“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 421 (2): 703–714. arXiv:astro-ph/0404248. Bibcode:2004A&A...421..703W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20035826.
  43. ↑ Nieuwenhuijzen, H.; De Jager, C.; Kolka, I.; Israelian, G.; Lobel, A.; Zsoldos, E.; Maeder, A.; Meynet, G. (2012). „The hypergiant HR 8752 evolving through the yellow evolutionary void“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 546: A105. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.105N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117166.
  44. ↑ A. B. Men'shchikov, Y. Balega, T. Blöcker, R. Osterbart, and G.Weigelt (2001). „Structure and physical properties of the rapidly evolving dusty envelope of IRC +10216 reconstructed by detailed two-dimensional radiative transfer modeling“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv:astro-ph/0206410. Bibcode:2002A&A...392..921M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020954.CS1-одржување: повеќе имиња: список на автори (link)
  45. ↑ Weigelt, G.; и др. (May 1998), „76mas speckle-masking interferometry of IRC+10216 with the SAO 6m telescope: Evidence for a clumpy shell structure“, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 333: L51–L54, arXiv:astro-ph/9805022, Bibcode:1998A&A...333L..51W
  46. ↑ Tylenda, R.; Kamiński, T.; Schmidt, M.; Kurtev, R.; Tomov, T. (2011). „High-resolution optical spectroscopy of V838 Monocerotis in 2009“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 532: A138. arXiv:1103.1763. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A.138T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116858.
  47. ↑ Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (February 6–10, 1995). „Observations and Interpretation of Luminous Blue Variables“. Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 155, Astrophysical applications of stellar pulsation. Astrophysical applications of stellar pulsation. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. 83. Cape Town, South Africa: Astronomical Society of the Pacific. стр. 176–191. Bibcode:1995ASPC...83..176L.
  48. ↑ Bedding, T. R.; и др. (April 1997), „The angular diameter of R Doradus: a nearby Mira-like star“, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 286 (4): 957–962, arXiv:astro-ph/9701021, Bibcode:1997MNRAS.286..957B, doi:10.1093/mnras/286.4.957
  49. ↑ Najarro, F.; Figer, D. F.; Hillier, D. J.; Geballe, T. R.; Kudritzki, R. P. (2009). „Metallicity in the Galactic Center: The Quintuplet Cluster“. The Astrophysical Journal. 691 (2): 1816. arXiv:0809.3185. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691.1816N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1816.
  50. ↑ Luttermoser, Donald G.; Brown, Alexander (1992). „A VLA 3.6 centimeter survey of N-type carbon stars“. Astrophysical Journal. 384: 634. Bibcode:1992ApJ...384..634L. doi:10.1086/170905.
  51. ↑ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Khosroshahi, Habib; Wasatonic, Rick (2013). „The Age and Mass of the α Herculis Triple-star System from a MESA Grid of Rotating Stars with 1.3 <= M/M ⊙ <= 8.0“. The Astronomical Journal. 146 (6): 148. arXiv:1308.1632. Bibcode:2013AJ....146..148M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/6/148.
  52. ↑ Rybicki, K. R.; Denis, C. (2001). „On the Final Destiny of the Earth and the Solar System“. Icarus. 151 (1): 130–137. Bibcode:2001Icar..151..130R. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6591.
  53. ↑ Kashi, A.; Soker, N. (2010). „Periastron Passage Triggering of the 19th Century Eruptions of Eta Carinae“. The Astrophysical Journal. 723: 602. arXiv:0912.1439. Bibcode:2010ApJ...723..602K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/602.
  54. ↑ Gull, T. R.; Damineli, A. (2010). „JD13 – Eta Carinae in the Context of the Most Massive Stars“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5: 373. arXiv:0910.3158. Bibcode:2010HiA....15..373G. doi:10.1017/S1743921310009890.
  55. ↑ Schiller, F.; Przybilla, N. (2008). „Quantitative spectroscopy of Deneb“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 479 (3): 849–858. arXiv:0712.0040. Bibcode:2008A&A...479..849S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078590.
  56. ↑ http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/1806-20.htm
  57. ↑ Kloppenborg, B.K.; Stencel, R.E.; Monnier, J.D.; Schaefer, G.H.; Baron, F.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Hutter, D.; Zhao, M.; Che, X.; Ten Brummelaar, T. A.; Farrington, C.D.; Parks, R.; McAlister, H. A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Sallave-Goldfinger, P.J.; Turner, N.; Pedretti, E.; Thureau, N. (2015). „Interferometry of ɛ Aurigae: Characterization of the Asymmetric Eclipsing Disk“. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 220: 14. arXiv:1508.01909. Bibcode:2015ApJS..220...14K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/14.
  58. ↑ Barniske, A.; Oskinova, L. M.; Hamann, W. -R. (2008). „Two extremely luminous WN stars in the Galactic center with circumstellar emission from dust and gas“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 486 (3): 971. arXiv:0807.2476. Bibcode:2008A&A...486..971B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809568.
  59. ↑ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Shultz, Matt; Williamson, Michael H.; Moya, Andres (March 2012). „Asteroseismology of the nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel. Part I. The MOST High-precision Photometry and Radial Velocity Monitoring“. The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (1): 108–115. arXiv:1201.0843. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..108M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/108.
  60. ↑ Chesneau, O.; Kaufer, A.; Stahl, O.; Colvinter, C.; Spang, A.; Dessart, L.; Prinja, R.; Chini, R. (2014). „The variable stellar wind of Rigel probed at high spatial and spectral resolution“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: 18. arXiv:1405.0907. Bibcode:2014A&A...566A.125C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322894. A125.
  61. ↑ Cruzalebes, P.; Jorissen, A.; Rabbia, Y.; Sacuto, S.; Chiavassa, A.; Pasquato, E.; Plez, B.; Eriksson, K.; Spang, A.; Chesneau, O. (2013). „Fundamental parameters of 16 late-type stars derived from their angular diameter measured with VLTI/AMBER“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 434 (1): 437–450. arXiv:1306.3288. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.434..437C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1037.
  62. ↑ Piau, L; Kervella, P; Dib, S; Hauschildt, P (February 2011). „Surface convection and red-giant radius measurements“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 526: A100. arXiv:1010.3649. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.100P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014442.
  63. ↑ Fadeyev, Y. A. (2015). „Evolutionary status of Polaris“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449: 1011. arXiv:1502.06463. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.449.1011F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv412.
  64. ↑ Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. (2010). „The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M⊙ stellar mass limit“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 731. arXiv:1007.3284. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.
  65. ↑ I. Ramírez; C. Allende Prieto (December 2011). „Fundamental Parameters and Chemical Composition of Arcturus“. The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (2): 135. arXiv:1109.4425. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743..135R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/135.
  66. ↑ Ziółkowski, J. (2005), „Evolutionary constraints on the masses of the components of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system“, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 358 (3): 851–859, arXiv:astro-ph/0501102, Bibcode:2005MNRAS.358..851Z, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08796.x Note: for radius and luminosity, see Table 1 with d=2 kpc.
  67. ↑ Wright, K. O. (1977). „The system of VV Cephei derived from an analysis of the H-alpha line“. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 71: 152. Bibcode:1977JRASC..71..152W.
  68. ↑ Hack, M.; Engin, S.; Yilmaz, N.; Sedmak, G.; Rusconi, L.; Boehm, C. (1992). „Spectroscopic study of the atmospheric eclipsing binary VV Cephei“. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN0365-0138). 95: 589. Bibcode:1992A&AS...95..589H.

Надворешни врски

[уреди | уреди извор]
Преземено од „https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Список_на_најголеми_познати_ѕвезди&oldid=5255182“