Deionization may also be used to polish RO water when the product water from the RO does not meet the quality standard.
Bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, which defines purified water as that which has been produced by distillation,
deionization, reverse osmosis or other suitable processes that meet the definition of purified water set by the U.S.
The system is comprised of water softening, carbon and reverse osmosis filtration, process holding with hydrophilic and hydrophobic filtration,
deionization and ultraviolet treatment, with pharmaceutical-grade distribution piping.
However, our technicians, John Regan and Bruce Morley, later David Coutts, checked the water composition for all country patients, and sometimes added reverse osmosis or, rarely,
deionization (this was first used to remove zinc from water stored in a new galvanized tank).
Water produced by distillation,
deionization, reverse osmosis, or other suitable processes that meet the definition of purified water in the United States Pharmacopia, a nongovernment organization that develops standards to ensure the quality of medicines and healthcare technologies.
Ideally the reclosing is only activated when the transient fault occurs and the dead time of auto re-closure should be set in such a way that a re-strike of a fault due to the incompletion of
deionization can be avoided.
Guiffrada, "Deionisation: High-Purity Water by Electro-Deionization Performance of the Ion-Pure Continuous
Deionization System," Ultrapure Water 4, 43-50 (1987).
Deionization: Reasons, Means, and Likely Consequences.