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Can we explain cosmic birefringence without a new light field beyond Standard Model?

  • Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
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  • Published: 11 January 2024
  • Volume 2024, article number 57, (2024)
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Can we explain cosmic birefringence without a new light field beyond Standard Model?
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  • Yuichiro Nakai1,2,
  • Ryo Namba  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-79503,
  • Ippei Obata  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-56314,5,
  • Yu-Cheng Qiu  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-45641,2 &
  • …
  • Ryo Saito  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-35675,6 

  • 404 Accesses

  • 7 Citations

  • 1 Altmetric

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A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv.

Abstract

The recent analysis of the Planck 2018 polarization data shows a nonzero isotropic cosmic birefringence (ICB) that is not explained within the ΛCDM paradigm. We then explore the question of whether the nonzero ICB is interpreted by the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), or at the energy scales of the cosmic microwave background, the low-energy EFT (LEFT) whose dynamical degrees of freedom are five SM quarks and all neutral and charged leptons. Our systematic study reveals that any operator in the EFT on a cosmological background would not give the reported ICB angle, which is observationally consistent with frequency independence. In particular, we estimate the size of the ICB angle generated by the effect that the cosmic microwave background photons travel through the medium of the cosmic neutrino background with parity-violating neutrino-photon interactions and find that it would be too small to explain the data. If the reported ICB angle should be confirmed, then our result would indicate the existence of a new particle that is lighter than the electroweak scale and feebly interacting with the SM particles.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Eiichiro Komatsu and Satoshi Shirai for discussions. This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of China No. 12150610465 (YN), the RIKEN Incentive Research Project grant (RN), and JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship / JSPS KAKENHI No. JP20H05859 and 19K14702 (IO), No. 19H01891, No. 20H05860 (RS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 520 Shengrong Road, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Yuichiro Nakai & Yu-Cheng Qiu

  2. School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Yuichiro Nakai & Yu-Cheng Qiu

  3. RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Ryo Namba

  4. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Ippei Obata

  5. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), Todai Institute for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan

    Ippei Obata & Ryo Saito

  6. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan

    Ryo Saito

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  1. Yuichiro Nakai
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Nakai, Y., Namba, R., Obata, I. et al. Can we explain cosmic birefringence without a new light field beyond Standard Model?. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 57 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)057

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  • Received: 22 October 2023

  • Revised: 19 December 2023

  • Accepted: 20 December 2023

  • Published: 11 January 2024

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)057

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Keywords

  • Cosmology of Theories BSM
  • SMEFT
  • Axions and ALPs
  • Early Universe Particle Physics
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