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Classis spectralis

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Classis spectralis, in astronomia, est divisio stellarum in classes secundum temperaturam vel magnitudinem. Sunt plures classificationes quae inter se differunt.

Classificatio Harvardiana

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Classificatio Harvardiana

Classificatione Harvardiana, stellae dividuntur in classes O—B—A—F—G—K—M—C—S. Plerumque communes sunt stellae classium O—B—A—F—G—K—M, quae appellantur "stellae normales," sed stellae classium C—S (olim R, N) sunt "stellae peculiares," hoc est stellae quae spectrum "peculiare" habent.

Tabula classium

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Classis Temperatura Color verus Coror visibilis[1][2] Massa
(in massis Solis)
Radius
(in radiis Solis)
Luminsoitas Lineae Hydrogenii % e stellis seriei capitalis
O 30,000–60,000 K caeruleus caeruleus 60 M 15 R 1,400,000 L debiles ~0.00003%
B 10,000–30,000 K albus-caeruleus albus caeruleus albusque 18 M 7 R 20,000 L medii 0.13%
A 7,500–10,000 K albus albus 3.1 M 2.1 R 80 L lucidi 0.6%
F 6,000–7,500 K ochroleucus albus 1.7 M 1.3 R 6 L medii 3%
G 5,000–6,000 K flavus ochroleucus 1.1 M 1.1 R 1.2 L debiles 8%
K 3,500–5,000 K aurantius rutilus 0.8 M 0.9 R 0.4 L admodum debiles 13%
M 2,000–3,500 K ruber flammeus 0.3 M 0.4 R 0.04 L admodum debiles >78%

Classificatio Yerkes

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Factor supplementaruis afficiens in characterem spectri est densitas stratorum exteriorum stellae, dependens a massa et densitate stellae, hoc est a luminositate. Admodum a lumnositate SrII, BaII, FeII, TiII dependunt, propterea est differentia spectrorum stellarum gigantum et pumilionum aequalibus classibus Harvardianis.

Ha clssificatione stella habet classem luminocitatis:

  • I Supergigantes
  • II Lucidi gigantes
    • IIa, e.g.: β Scuti (HD 173764) (spectrum G4 IIa)
    • IIab, e.g.: HR 8752 (spectrum G0Iab:)
    • IIb, e.g.: HR 6902 (spectrum G9 IIb)
  • III e.g.: gigantes
    • IIIa, e.g.: ρ Persei (spectrum M4 IIIa)
    • IIIab, e.g.: δ Reticuli (spectrum M2 IIIab)
    • IIIb, e.g.: Pollux (spectrum K2 IIIb)
  • IV subgigantes
    • IVa, e.g.: ε Reticuli (spectrum K1-2 IVa-III)
    • IVb, e.g.: HR 672 A (spectrum G0.5 IVb)
  • V series principalis
    • Va, e.g.: AD Leonis (spectrum M4Ve)
    • Vb, e.g.: 85 Pegasi A (spectrum G5 Vb)
  • VI suppumiliones (rare, obsoletum)
  • VII pumilio alba (rare, obsoletum)

Classificatio Harvardiana definit Abscissam diagrammatis Hertzsprung—Russell, sed Yerkes classificatio — positionem stellae in diagrammate. Supplementaria autem praestantia huius classificationis est possibilitas definendi luminocitatem sellae (spectro cognoto), et propterea possibilitas aestimandi distantionem ad stellam.

Sol, pumilio flava, habet classem spectralem G2V.

Exemplaria spectrorum stellarum variarum

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Spectrum stellae classis O5V
Spectrum stellae classis B2II
Spectrum stellae classis A2I
Spectrum stellae classis F2III
Spectrum stellae classis G5III
Spectrum stellae classis K4III
Spectrum stellae classis M0III
Spectrum stellae classis M6V
  1. The Guinness book of astronomy facts & feats, Patrick Moore, 1992, 0-900424-76-1
  2. "The Colour of Stars". Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. December 21 2004  — Explains the reason for the difference in color perception.

Bibliographia

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  • Hearnshaw, J. B. The Analysis of Starlight: Two Centuries of Astronomical Spectroscopy. Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Kaler, James B. Stars and their Spectra: An Introduction to the Spectral Sequence. Cantabridgiae: Cambridge University Press, 2011.