Ioannes Cage

Ioannes Cage, Anglice plene John Milton Cage Jr. (5 Septembris 1912—12 Augusti 1992) fuit compositor, theorista musicae, scriptor, et artifex Americanus. Qui, praecursor fortis in musica, musicae electroacusticae, et inusitati instrumentorum musicorum usus, fuit maior persona avant-garde post bellum, quem criticis laudaverunt unum ex compositoribus maximi momenti saeculi vicensimi.^[1]^[2]^[3] Magni momenti etiam fuit in evolutione saltationis modernae, plerumque per coniunctionem cum choreographo Merce Cunningham, qui praeterea fuit diuturnus ipsius socius romanticus.^[4]^[5]

Proportiones rhythmicae in *Sonata III* ex *Sonatae et Interludes* pro clavili praeparata.

Cage 4′33″, compositione anni 1952, innotuit, quae sono cogitato absente auditur; musici qui opus proferunt nihil praeter praesentiam per durationem titulo denotatam faciunt. Quod autem compositio continet non est "quattuor minuti et 33 secundi silentii," ut nonnulli aliquando opinantur, sed potius soni circumiecti ab audientia per perfunctionem auditi.^[6]^[7] Opus, quia assumptas de facultate et experientia musicae definitiones provocat, factum est res populo grata et controversa in musicologia et latioribus artis et exsecutionis aesthetica. Cage etiam fuit praecursor clavilis praeparati (clavili cuius sonus a rebus inter suas chordas vel malleos positis mutatur), pro quo multa opera saltationi cognata nonnullasque res concertatas composuit, quarum notissima est Sonatae et Interludia (1946–1948).^[8]

Inter suos praeceptores fuerunt Henricus Cowell (1933) et Arnoldus Schoenberg (1933–1935), quorum ambo pro novis rebus profundis in musica notuerunt, sed maiora momenta ex variis Asiae Meridianae et Orientalis culturis venerunt. Cage, per studia philosophiae Indicae et Zen plerumque inter annos 1945 et 1950, notionem musicae aleatoricae vel forte temperatae invenit, quam anno 1951 componere coepit.^[9] Liber I Ching, antiquus textus classicus Sinicus casus mutantís tractans, factus est usitatum compositionis instrumentum Cageianum. In Experimental Music, acroasi anno 1957 habita, Cage musicam descripsit "ludum vanum," qui "vitam adfirmat—nec ordinem ex chao ferre conatur nec in emendationibus creationis inest, sed simpliciter est modus expergisci ad vitam quam vivimus ipsam."^[10]^[11]

Nexus interni

Adnotationes

↑ Pritchett et Kuhn, Grove Online: "He has had a greater impact on music in the 20th century than any other American composer."
↑ George J. Leonard, Into the Light of Things: The Art of the Commonplace from Wordsworth to John Cage (Sicagi: University of Chicago Press, 1995, ISBN 9780226472539), 120 ("when Harvard University Press called him, in a 1990 book advertisement, "without a doubt the most influential composer of the last half-century," amazingly, that was too modest").
↑ David Mason, Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers (Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation, 2007, ISBN 9780385142786), 1407 ("John Cage is probably the most influential . . . of all American composers to date."
↑ Perloff et Junkerman 1994:93.
↑ Bernstein et Hatch 2001:43–45.
↑ Kostelanetz 2003:69–70.
↑ Retractationes in Fetterman 1996:69 citatae.
↑ Nicholls 2002:80: "Most critics agree that Sonatas and Interludes (1946–1948) is the finest composition of Cage's early period."
↑ Denis Lejeunne, The Radical Use of Chance in 20th Century Art (2012), 185–189.
↑ Anglice: "a purposeless play" [qui est] "an affirmation of life—not an attempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we're living."
↑ Cage 1973:12.

Bibliographia

Arena, Leonardo Vittorio. 2013. L'infinita durata del non suono. Mediolani: Mimesis. ISBN 9788857511382.
Bernstein, David W., and Hatch, Christopher, eds. 2001. Writings through John Cage's Music, Poetry, and Art. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226044076.
Boulez, Pierre, et John Cage. 1995. The Boulez-Cage Correspondence. Ed. Robert Samuels et Jean-Jacques Nattiez. Conv. Robert Samuels. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521485584.
Bredow, Moritz von. 2012. "Rebellische Pianistin: Das Leben der Grete Sultan zwischen Berlin und New York." Moguntiaci: Schott Music. ISBN 9783795708009.
Brown, Kathan. 2001. John Cage Visual Art: To Sober and Quiet the Mind. Crown Point Press. ISBN 1891300164, ISBN 9781891300165.
Cage, John. 1961, 1973. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown Connecticutae: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 081956028-6.
Eldred, Michael. 1995, 2006. Heidegger's Hölderlin and John Cage.
Eldred, Michael. 2010. The Quivering of Propriation: A Parallel Way to Music.
Fetterman, William. 1996. John Cage's Theatre Pieces: Notations and Performances. Routledge. ISBN 3718656434.
Haskins, Rob. 2004. "An Anarchic Society of Sounds": The Number Pieces of John Cage. Dissertatio Ph.D. in musicologia, Eastman School of Music, Universitas Rochester.
Kostelanetz, Richard. 2003. Conversing with John Cage. Routledge. ISBN 0415937922.
Larson, Kay. 2012. Where the Heart Beats: John Cage, Zen Buddhism, and the Inner Life of Artists. Penguin Books USA. ISBN 9781594203404.
Lejeunne, Denis. 2012. The Radical Use of Chance in 20th Century Art. Amstelodami: Rodopi Press.
Nicholls, David, ed. 2002. The Cambridge Companion to John Cage. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521789680.
Nicholls, David. 2007. John Cage. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252032152.
Patterson, David W., ed. 2002. John Cage: Music, Philosophy, and Intention, 1933–1950. Routledge. ISBN 0815329954.
Perloff, Marjorie, et Charles Junkerman. 1994. John Cage: Composed in America. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226660575.
Pritchett, James. 1993. The Music of John Cage. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521565448.
Revill, David. 1993. The Roaring Silence: John Cage—A Life. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1559702206, ISBN 978155970220-1.
Taruskin, Richard. 2005. The Oxford History of Western Music. Vol. 5. Oxoniae: Oxford Uuniversity Press. ISBN 9780195169799.

Nexus externi

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Ioannes Cage spectant.

Data generalia et catalogi

Situs publicus, johncage.org
Compendium Ioannis Cage, www.xs4all.nl
"Larry Solomon's John Cage Pages," solomonsmusic.net
"James Pritchett: Writings," www.music.princeton.edu
Editio Peters: Biographia et Opera Ioannis Cage, www.edition-peters.com
Dux Congeriei Mycologicae Ioannis Cage, www.oac.cdlib.org
"Silence/Stories," www.lichtensteiger.de
Opera ab / de Ioannes Cage in bibliothecis (in catalogo WorldCat)
Biographia, www.eai.org (Electronic Arts Intermix)
Conloquium inter Ioannem Cage et Bruce Duffie, www.bruceduffie.com (21 Iunii 1987)
Ross, Alex. 2010. "Searching for Silence: John Cage’s art of noise,", The New Yorker, 4 Octobris.

Congeries

De Ioanne Cage, ronsen.org

Res propriae

Gligo, Nikša. 1989. Was für ein Werk stellt "A Collection of Rocks" von John Cage dar? Ein Beitrag zur Werkdetermination in der experimentellen Musik. In "Entgrenzungen in der Musik," ed. Otto Kolleritsch, 83–103. Studien zur Wertungsforschung, 18. Vindobonae et Graz: Universal Edition.
Kasper, Ulrike. "Sounds Visions, The Work of Jacques Pourcher, Perspectives on John Cage," de exhibitionen "John Cage and Jacques Pourcher, Works on Paper," Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginiae

[1] Pritchett et Kuhn, Grove Online: "He has had a greater impact on music in the 20th century than any other American composer."

[2] George J. Leonard, Into the Light of Things: The Art of the Commonplace from Wordsworth to John Cage (Sicagi: University of Chicago Press, 1995, ISBN 9780226472539), 120 ("when Harvard University Press called him, in a 1990 book advertisement, "without a doubt the most influential composer of the last half-century," amazingly, that was too modest").

[3] David Mason, Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers (Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation, 2007, ISBN 9780385142786), 1407 ("John Cage is probably the most influential . . . of all American composers to date."

[4] Perloff et Junkerman 1994:93.

[5] Bernstein et Hatch 2001:43–45.

[6] Kostelanetz 2003:69–70.

[7] Retractationes in Fetterman 1996:69 citatae.

[8] Nicholls 2002:80: "Most critics agree that Sonatas and Interludes (1946–1948) is the finest composition of Cage's early period."

[9] Denis Lejeunne, The Radical Use of Chance in 20th Century Art (2012), 185–189.

[10] Anglice: "a purposeless play" [qui est] "an affirmation of life—not an attempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we're living."

[11] Cage 1973:12.

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