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{{Databox|item=Q146}}
{{Databox|item=Q146}}
'''Amus''' anɛ yin bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ʋnbid ni’im<ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534%E2%80%93535&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, dinɛ ka sieba buon ye adɔɔbiig bɛɛ apu'asabil. O buudi sieba bɛ mɔɔgin ka ba buon o ye amusgɛɛŋ bɛɛ piif<ref>https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>. Ba gʋ’ʋni amusnɛ ye o bɛ ninsaal ka mɔr zu’od nɛ saal ka na’asaalin buon ye ’pet’ la. [[Kpaad]] mɛn tɔn’ɔn gʋ’ʋli ba [[ni’im]] bɛɛ ligidi yɛla. Dinɛ yɛla ka [[Ninsaal Niŋgbin lu'as|ninsaal]] nɔŋa amus anɛ ye o tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ abaŋjanam ba la ya'namin la<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947</ref>.
'''Amus''' anɛ yin bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ʋnbid ni’im<ref name=":0">https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534%E2%80%93535&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, dinɛ ka sieba buon ye adɔɔbiig bɛɛ apu'asabil. O buudi sieba bɛ mɔɔgin ka ba buon o ye amusgɛɛŋ bɛɛ piif<ref name=":1">https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>. Ba gʋ’ʋni amusnɛ ye o bɛ ninsaal ka mɔr zu’od nɛ saal ka na’asaalin buon ye ’pet’ la. [[Kpaad]] mɛn tɔn’ɔn gʋ’ʋli ba [[ni’im]] bɛɛ ligidi yɛla. Dinɛ yɛla ka [[Ninsaal Niŋgbin lu'as|ninsaal]] nɔŋa amus anɛ ye o tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ abaŋjanam ba la ya'namin la<ref name=":2">https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947</ref>.


Amus mɔri ningbiŋ kpi’euŋ kanɛ an wisiŋa, ka yet hali, ka mɔr nyinkpi’enditta nɛ ya’aga/[[yiebaans]] banɛ tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ [[dayuus]]. O na tɔn'ɔn nye bɛɛ nyuus yʋʋg lalli. Amus pian’adi nɛ nisaal nɛ panrisʋg, duulʋmʋg bɛɛ kaasʋg.
Amus mɔri ningbiŋ kpi’euŋ kanɛ an wisiŋa, ka yet hali, ka mɔr nyinkpi’enditta nɛ ya’aga/[[yiebaans]] banɛ tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ [[dayuus]]. O na tɔn'ɔn nye bɛɛ nyuus yʋʋg lalli. Amus pian’adi nɛ nisaal nɛ panrisʋg, duulʋmʋg bɛɛ kaasʋg.
Bɔɔnlʋm 11: Bɔɔnlʋm 11:


=== Pian'ad nam nɛ yʋda tisib yɛla ===
=== Pian'ad nam nɛ yʋda tisib yɛla ===
Na'asaal piank ''amus'' la si'igir, [[Old English]] ''catt'', ba da tɛn'ɛs ka li anɛ [[Late Latin]] piank ''cattus'', kan ka ba da buoli li nɛ 6th century la pin'ilʋgin. Latin kʋdʋg piank la tun'oe da yi nɛ [[Africa pian'adin]] ka lin an buudi si'a la lɛɛ pʋ pa'alɛ. [[Nubian]] piank la ''kaddiska'' '''amus gɛɛŋ''' nɛ [[Bubian]] ''kadis'' anɛ zin'i banɛ ka li tun'oe naam ma.
Na'asaal piank ''amus'' la si'igir, [[Old English]] ''catt'', ba da tɛn'ɛs ka li anɛ [[Late Latin]] piank ''cattus'', kan ka ba da buoli li nɛ 6th century la pin'ilʋgin.<ref>McKnight, G. H. (1923). [[iarchive:englishwordsthei00mckn/page/300|"Words and Archaeology"]]. ''English Words and Their Background''. New York, London: [[:en:D._Appleton_and_Company|D. Appleton and Company]]. pp. 293–311.</ref> Latin kʋdʋg piank la tun'oe da yi nɛ [[Africa pian'adin]] ka lin an buudi si'a la lɛɛ pʋ pa'alɛ.<ref>Pictet, A. (1859). ''Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs : essai de paléontologie linguistique'' (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez. p. 381.</ref> [[Nubian]] piank la ''kaddiska'' '''amus gɛɛŋ''' nɛ [[Bubian]] ''kadis'' anɛ zin'i banɛ ka li tun'oe naam ma.<ref>Keller, O. (1909). ''Die antike Tierwelt'' (in German). Vol. Säugetiere. Leipzig: [[:en:Walther_von_Wartburg|Walther von Wartburg]]. p. 75.</ref>


Ba tun'oe mɛ yi nɛ Germanic kʋdʋg piankin kanɛ ka ba da kpɛn'ɛsi li Latin ni, ka da ti kpɛn Greek, Syriac, nɛ Arabic. Piank la tun'oe da Germanic nɛ Northern European pian'ad namin, ka zan' ni, li pɛ'ɛŋ nɛ [[Uralic]], c.f. [[Northern Sami]] gadfi, 'stoat nya'aŋ' nɛ [[Hungarian]] ''holgy'', 'pu'asadir, stoat nya'aŋ', kanɛ yi [[Proto-Uralic]]. ...... nya'aŋ (bʋnkɔnbʋg ka mɔr kɔnbid)
Ba tun'oe mɛ yi nɛ Germanic kʋdʋg piankin kanɛ ka ba da kpɛn'ɛsi li Latin ni, ka da ti kpɛn Greek, Syriac, nɛ Arabic.<ref>Huehnergard, J. (2008). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 Qitta: Arabic Cats]". In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.). ''Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday''. Leiden, Boston: [[:en:Brill_(publisher)|Brill]]. pp. 407–418. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789004165731|9789004165731]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062414/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 Archived] from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</ref> Piank la tun'oe da Germanic nɛ Northern European pian'ad namin, ka zan' ni, li pɛ'ɛŋ nɛ [[Uralic]], c.f. [[Northern Sami]] gadfi, 'stoat nya'aŋ' nɛ [[Hungarian]] ''holgy'', 'pu'asadir, stoat nya'aŋ', kanɛ yi [[Proto-Uralic]]. ...... nya'aŋ (bʋnkɔnbʋg ka mɔr kɔnbid).<ref>Kroonen, G. (2013). ''Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic''. Leiden, Netherlands: [[:en:Brill_Publishers|Brill Publishers]]. p. 281f. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789004183407|9789004183407]]</bdi>.</ref>


Na'asaal ''[[puss]]'', kanɛ tʋgʋsi yʋʋn an pussy nɛ pussycat la anɛ sida, li naam nɛ 16th century la ni, ka ba tun'oe yi nɛ li nɛ [[Dutch]] ''poes'' bɛɛ [[Low German]] ''puuskatte'' kanɛ an [[Swedish]] ''kattepus'', bɛɛ [[Norwegian]] ''pus, pusekatt''. Buudi bama taaba bɛ Lithuanian. .... nɛ Irish puisin bɛɛ puiscin. Pian'a kaŋa naamʋg yɛla nie paalʋ, amaa li tun'oe naam yi nɛ vuud kanɛ ka ba maani buon amus.
Na'asaal ''[[puss]]'', kanɛ tʋgʋsi yʋʋn an pussy nɛ pussycat la anɛ sida, li naam nɛ 16th century la ni, ka ba tun'oe yi nɛ li nɛ [[Dutch]] ''poes'' bɛɛ [[Low German]] ''puuskatte'' kanɛ an [[Swedish]] ''kattepus'', bɛɛ [[Norwegian]] ''pus, pusekatt''. Buudi bama taaba bɛ Lithuanian. .... nɛ Irish puisin bɛɛ puiscin. Pian'a kaŋa naamʋg yɛla nie paalʋ, amaa li tun'oe naam yi nɛ vuud kanɛ ka ba maani buon amus.<ref>"[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702 Puss]". ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702 Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref><ref>"puss". ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language''. New York: [[:en:Random_House|Gramercy (Random House)]]. 1996. p. 1571.</ref>


Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomca<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203100#eid18281825 "tom cat, tom-cat".] ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref>t (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ).<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid "gib, n.2"]. ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180918111545/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid Archived] from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294 "queen cat"]. ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294 Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref><ref>Some sources wrote that ''queen'' refers to unspayed cats that are in an oestrus cycle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrous_cycle
Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomcat (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ). Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab (bɛɛ molly, ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na. Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring, bɛɛ colony.

https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called

https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat

https://web.archive.org/web/20231001160548/https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat<nowiki/>from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> (bɛɛ molly,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143959/https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats "7 fascinating facts about female cats"]. ''Cats Protection''. 8 March 2020. Archived from [https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats the original] on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na.<ref>"[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid catling]". ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012112007/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of "What do you call a group of ...?".] ''[[:en:Oxford_Dictionaries_Online|Oxford Dictionaries Online]]''. Oxford University Press. Archived from [http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of the original] on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> bɛɛ colony.<ref>[https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/terms-we-use-cats "Terms we use for cats".] ''The Humane Society of the United States''. Retrieved 2 August 2024.</ref>


=== Ba wɛligir nɛ yʋda tisib ===
=== Ba wɛligir nɛ yʋda tisib ===
Scientific name Felis catus,ka Carl Linnaeus da yi nɛ li ba pod yin amus la, 1758 ka ni. Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben da bɔɔd ye ba tisi li Felis vagus domesticus 1777 yʋʋm la ni. Ka Konstantin Sutabin, 1994 la da ye ba tisim li Felis daemon, amus sabil kanɛ da yi Transcaucasus, ka li nya'aŋ ka ba da baŋ ye o anɛ yin amus.
Scientific name Felis catus,ka Carl Linnaeus da yi nɛ li ba pod yin amus la, 1758 ka ni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben da bɔɔd ye ba tisi li Felis vagus domesticus 1777 yʋʋm la ni.<ref name=":2" /> Ka Konstantin Sutabin, 1994 la da ye ba tisim li Felis daemon, amus sabil kanɛ da yi Transcaucasus, ka li nya'aŋ ka ba da baŋ ye o anɛ yin amus.<ref>Satunin, C. (1904). "[[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19042zool|The Black Wild Cat of Transcaucasia"]]. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London''. '''II''': [[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19042zool/page/162|162]]–163.</ref><ref>Bukhnikashvili, A.; Yevlampiev, I. (eds.). ''C[http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf atalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large Mammalian Fauna in the Collection]'' (PDF). Tbilisi: [[:en:National_Museum_of_Georgia|National Museum of Georgia.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073023/http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref>


2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la.<ref>[[iarchive:bulletinofzoolog602003int/page/81|"Opinion 2027"]]. ''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature''. '''60'''. [[:en:International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature|International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:]] 81−82. 2003.</ref><ref>Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P. (2004). [http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"] (PDF). ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''31''' (5): 645–651. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JArSc..31..645G 2004JArSc..31..645G.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052316/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref> Yʋʋm tusa ayi' nɛ ayɔpɔi (2007) la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ [[Africa mɔɔgin]] amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin.<ref>Driscoll, C. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791 "In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of Domestication".] ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''106''' (S1): 9971–9978. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9971D 2009PNAS..106.9971D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0901586106|10.1073/pnas.0901586106]]. PMC 2702791. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528637 19528637].</ref><ref>[[:en:W._Chris_Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]] (2005). [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057 "Species ''Felis silvestris''"]. In [[:en:Don_E._Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA536%E2%80%93537 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 536–537. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|978-0-8018-8221-0]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494].</ref> 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus.<ref>Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 11: 21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172708/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Archived] (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2018.</ref>
2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la. 2007 yʋʋm la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ [[Africa mɔɔgin]] amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin. 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus


=== Ba bɛllim nɛ ba ti'asig ni ===
=== Ba bɛllim nɛ ba ti'asig ni ===
Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr [[yaab yimmir]] wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.<ref>Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997). [https://zenodo.org/record/1232587 "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes"]. ''Journal of Molecular Evolution''. '''44''' (S1): S98–S116. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JMolE..44S..98J :1997JMolE..44S..98J]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/PL00000060|10.1007/PL00000060.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9071018 9071018]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40185850 40185850]. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2018.</ref> Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.<ref name=":3">Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). [https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment"]. ''Science''. '''311''' (5757): 73–77. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311...73J :2006Sci...311...73J.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1122277|10.1126/science.1122277.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400146 16400146]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41672825 41672825]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201004075725/https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 Archived] from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2018.</ref> Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa.<ref>Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)".] ''Genome Research''. '''26''' (1): 1–11. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114|10.1101/gr.186668.114]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 4691742]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26518481 26518481].</ref> Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la.<ref name=":3" /> Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak.<ref name=":4">Mattern, M.Y.; McLennan, D.A. (2000). [[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x|"Phylogeny and speciation of Felids".]] ''Cladistics''. '''16''' (2): 232–253. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34902955 34902955]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85043293 85043293].</ref> Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38<ref>Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five Mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". ''Chromosome Research''. '''10''' (3): 209–222. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/A:1015292005631|10.1023/A:1015292005631.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067210 12067210]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9660694 9660694].</ref> nɛ genes nam 20,000.<ref>Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R.; Agencourt Sequencing Team; et al. (NISC Comparative Sequencing Program) (2007).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150''Genome Research''. '''17''' (11): 1675–1689 doi:[[doi:10.1101/gr.6380007|10.1101/gr.6380007.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150 2045150]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975172 17975172]. </ref>
Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr [[yaab yimmir]] wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la. Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la. Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa. Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la. Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak. Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38 nɛ genes nam 20,000.


=== Ba buudi-buudi wɛligir ===
=== Ba buudi-buudi wɛligir ===
Bɔɔnlʋm 33: Bɔɔnlʋm 39:


=== on lieb yin bʋn la yɛla ===
=== on lieb yin bʋn la yɛla ===
Li da yuug ya hali ka ba baŋ ye Egypt teŋin ka ba da pin'ili nɔk amus ka o lieb yin bʋn yiiga, ani ka ba na'asid dɔɔbiis hali yit 3100 BC saŋa sa. La'am nɛ ala, suobanɛ ka ba da mi'i pin'ilʋgʋn sa ban na niŋ si'em ka bɛlis Africa mɔɔgin amus kpɛn'ɛs yin la, ba da pa'ali li li'el nɛ nidibi bɛ zin'isi'a ka li zu'oe bɛdiri ka an sassi bɛ shillourokambos nɛ Cyprus ya-tuona, ka li yuug wʋʋ 7500ti paae 7200 BC saŋa sa. Kasɛtta n da kae pa'an ye teŋin nid sɔ' pʋ gʋ'ʋn bʋnkɔnbid kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ Cyprus sʋ'ʋlʋm la, kɛnɛ ka banɛ sʋ'oe Neolithic teŋkpɛŋ kaŋa la mɔr dɔɔbiig nɛ sian'arin bʋnkɔnbid sieba yi middle east ken island na. Dinzug ka banɛ vɛɛnsid yina yɛl ye yin kuusi zi Africa sian'arin dɔɔbiis ken ninsaal sʋ'ʋlʋmin na, ka kpaadib banɛ da dɛŋim gʋ'ʋn kɔnbid la bɛlis o. Kpinnim kanɛ bɛ kpaadib la nɛ dɔɔbiis banɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba la da bɛnɛ yuug paae yʋma tusir. Ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl kpɛn yadigid bɛɛ nɔbigid la, ala mɛn ka ba mɛ bɛlisid bɛɛ yɔɔmid dɔɔbiis n kpɛn'ɛsidi ba yin. Nya'aŋ ka Egypt sian'arin mus kanɛ ka ba buon ye amusgaʋng la da sʋŋ kɛ ka amus lieb yin bʋn.
Li da yuug ya hali ka ba baŋ ye Egypt teŋin <ref name=":5">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612713</ref>ka ba da pin'ili nɔk amus ka o lieb yin bʋn yiiga, ani ka ba na'asid dɔɔbiis hali yit 3100 BC saŋa sa.<ref>Langton, N.; Langton, M. B. (1940). ''The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the collection of cat and other Egyptian figures formed''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Malek, J. (1997). ''The Cat in Ancient Egypt'' (Revised ed.). Philadelphia: [[:en:University_of_Pennsylvania_Press|University of Pennsylvania Press.]]</ref> La'am nɛ ala, suobanɛ ka ba da mi'i pin'ilʋgʋn sa ban na niŋ si'em ka bɛlis Africa mɔɔgin amus kpɛn'ɛs yin la, ba da pa'ali li li'el nɛ nidibi bɛ zin'isi'a ka li zu'oe bɛdiri ka an sassi bɛ shillourokambos nɛ Cyprus ya-tuona, ka li yuug wʋʋ 7500ti paae 7200 BC saŋa sa. Kasɛtta n da kae pa'an ye teŋin nid sɔ' pʋ gʋ'ʋn bʋnkɔnbid kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ Cyprus sʋ'ʋlʋm la, kɛnɛ ka banɛ sʋ'oe Neolithic teŋkpɛŋ kaŋa la mɔr dɔɔbiig nɛ sian'arin bʋnkɔnbid sieba yi middle east ken island na.<ref>Vigne, J. D.; Guilaine, J.; Debue, K.; Haye, L.; Gérard, P. (2004). "Early taming of the cat in Cyprus". ''[[:en:Science_(journal)|Science]]''. '''304''' (5668): 259. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1095335|10.1126/science.1095335]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15073370 15073370]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28294367 28294367].</ref> Dinzug ka banɛ vɛɛnsid yina yɛl ye yin kuusi zi Africa sian'arin dɔɔbiis ken ninsaal sʋ'ʋlʋmin na, ka kpaadib banɛ da dɛŋim gʋ'ʋn kɔnbid la bɛlis o. Kpinnim kanɛ bɛ kpaadib la nɛ dɔɔbiis banɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba la da bɛnɛ yuug paae yʋma tusir. Ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl kpɛn yadigid bɛɛ nɔbigid la, ala mɛn ka ba mɛ bɛlisid bɛɛ yɔɔmid dɔɔbiis n kpɛn'ɛsidi ba yin.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Driscoll, C. A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Kitchener, A. C.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555 The taming of the cat]". ''Scientific American''. '''300''' (6): 68–75. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm.300f..68D :2009SciAm.300f..68D]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68|10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68]] (inactive 19 June 2024). [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26001382 26001382]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555 5790555]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19485091 19485091].</ref> Nya'aŋ ka Egypt sian'arin mus kanɛ ka ba buon ye amusgaʋng la da sʋŋ kɛ ka amus lieb yin bʋn.


Ba da tɛn'ɛs saŋa bɛdigʋ kanɛ da gaad la a zaŋ amus milis o kɛ k'o lieb yin amus la da pin'il nɛ Egypt kʋdig ni, zin'ikanɛ ka amus nam da paamid na'asi nɛ yʋʋma 3100 BC ni la saŋa. Amaa bʋn linɛ da pa'al yiiga ye Africa mɔɔgin amus da lieb yin bʋn da anɛ ban lɛɛg teŋ la ka nyɛ ka li ka li da pin' teŋin la kpi'el nɛ neolithic nid yaʋg Shillourokambos Cyprus ya-dagɔbʋg baba, wʋʋ 7500-7200 BC yʋʋma banɛ gaad la sa. Kassɛtta kanɛ pa'an ye native mammalian fauna Cyprys teŋini kae laa, nidib banɛ da bɛ Neolithic teŋ bilin la da zi mɔɔgin amus la nɛ mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid sieba Middle East teŋin nɛ kpɛn'ɛsi ba teŋin la, an teŋ kanɛ ka ku'om giŋi gilig la. Alazugɔ, mittib da zaŋi li ye Africa mɔɔgin amus nam la da dɔlisi nɛ dayuusi keŋi paae kʋdʋmin nidib yaani ti kpɛlim Fertile Crescent, kas kas yin kuug la. (''Mus musculus'') ka Neolithic kpaadib da milisi ba, ka ba lieb yin bʋnam. Malisim da bɛ yiiga kpaadib la nɛ amus banɛ da lieb yin bʋnam la ti paae yʋʋma tus-mɔbis babiga. Kuob tʋʋma da widig si'em la, ala mɛn ka amus nami da miilim ka lieb yin bʋnam la da widig. Egypt mɔɔgin amus da paasi kɛ ka bʋn nya'as la gene poll naam saŋkan nya'aŋ.
Ba da tɛn'ɛs saŋa bɛdigʋ kanɛ da gaad la a zaŋ amus milis o kɛ k'o lieb yin amus la da pin'il nɛ Egypt kʋdig ni, zin'ikanɛ ka amus nam da paamid na'asi nɛ yʋʋma 3100 BC ni la saŋa. Amaa bʋn linɛ da pa'al yiiga ye Africa mɔɔgin amus da lieb yin bʋn da anɛ ban lɛɛg teŋ la ka nyɛ ka li ka li da pin' teŋin la kpi'el nɛ neolithic nid yaʋg Shillourokambos Cyprus ya-dagɔbʋg baba, wʋʋ 7500-7200 BC yʋʋma banɛ gaad la sa. Kassɛtta kanɛ pa'an ye native mammalian fauna Cyprys teŋini kae laa, nidib banɛ da bɛ Neolithic teŋ bilin la da zi mɔɔgin amus la nɛ mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid sieba Middle East teŋin nɛ kpɛn'ɛsi ba teŋin la, an teŋ kanɛ ka ku'om giŋi gilig la. Alazugɔ, mittib da zaŋi li ye Africa mɔɔgin amus nam la da dɔlisi nɛ dayuusi keŋi paae kʋdʋmin nidib yaani ti kpɛlim Fertile Crescent, kas kas yin kuug la. (''Mus musculus'') ka Neolithic kpaadib da milisi ba, ka ba lieb yin bʋnam. Malisim da bɛ yiiga kpaadib la nɛ amus banɛ da lieb yin bʋnam la ti paae yʋʋma tus-mɔbis babiga. Kuob tʋʋma da widig si'em la, ala mɛn ka amus nami da miilim ka lieb yin bʋnam la da widig. Egypt mɔɔgin amus da paasi kɛ ka bʋn nya'as la gene poll naam saŋkan nya'aŋ.<ref name=":6">Ottoni, C.; van Neer, W.; de Cupere, B.; Daligault, J.; Guimaraes, S.; Peters, J.; Spassov, N.; Prendergast, M. E.; Boivin, N.; Morales-Muñiz, A.; Bălăşescu, A.; Becker, C.; Benecke, N.; Boroneant, A.; Buitenhuis, H.; Chahoud, J.; Crowther, A.; Llorente, L.; Manaseryan, N.; Monchot, H.; Onar, V.; Osypińska, M.; Putelat, O.; Quintana Morales, E.M.; Studer, J.; Wierer, U.; Decorte, R.; Grange, T.; Geigl, E. (2017). [https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world(04942e78-fa48-4700-ad97-29fcdf9077a1).html "The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world"]. ''Nature Ecology & Evolution''. '''1''' (7): 0139. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEE...1..139O 2017NatEE...1..139O.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0139|10.1038/s41559-017-0139]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|44041769]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world Archived] from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref>


Leopard amus la (''Prionailurus'' ''benglalensis'') mɛŋi da lieb yin bʋn China teŋin 5500 BC yʋʋma la ni. Amus nami na lieb yin bʋnam ka lɛn bɛ mɔɔgin pʋ bɛ amus nam Malkin zinaa.
Leopard amus la (''Prionailurus'' ''benglalensis'') mɛŋi da lieb yin bʋn China teŋin 5500 BC yʋʋma la ni. Amus nami na lieb yin bʋnam ka lɛn bɛ mɔɔgin pʋ bɛ amus nam Malkin zinaa.


Linɛ da pa'an yin dɔɔbiigi bɛ Greece teŋin pin'ilʋgʋn sa la anɛ ala ti paae 1200 AB saŋa. Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian nɛ Etruscan dimi da zaŋ yin mus pa'al Europe ya-tuona dim. Yʋma tusa anu BC saŋa la, dɔɔbiis da anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ magna graecia nɛ Etruria sʋ'ʋlʋm la. Saŋkanɛ ka Rome dim da mɔr kpi'euŋ ka sʋ'ʋg tɛɛns banɛ ka gilig la, ba da zaŋ dɔɔbiis pa'al Corsica nɛ Sardinia dim ka 1st century AD nyaan si'iŋ. Ka Rome ya-dagɔbʋg dim zaba da naae yʋma tusa anu saŋa si'a la, ka Egypt dim yin dɔɔbiig buudi la pʋn yadigi paae tembanɛ bɛ Baltic mu'ar gbɛʋk linɛ bɛ German ya-nya'aŋ baba la.
Linɛ da pa'an yin dɔɔbiigi bɛ Greece teŋin pin'ilʋgʋn sa la anɛ ala ti paae 1200 AB saŋa.<ref>Faure, E.; Kitchener, A. C. (2009). "An archaeological and historical review of the relationships between Felids and people". ''Anthrozoös''. '''22''' (3): 221−238. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2752/175303709X457577|10.2752/175303709X457577]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84308532 84308532].</ref> Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian nɛ Etruscan dimi da zaŋ yin mus pa'al Europe ya-tuona dim.<ref>Ragni, B.; Possenti, M.; Sforzi, A.; Zavalloni, D.; Ciani, F. (1994). [https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf "The wildcat in central-northern Italian peninsula: a biogeographical dilemma"] (PDF). ''Biogeographia''. '''17''' (1). [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.21426/B617110417|10.21426/B617110417]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726121432/https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2019.</ref> Yʋma tusa anu BC saŋa la, dɔɔbiis da anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ magna graecia nɛ Etruria sʋ'ʋlʋm la. Saŋkanɛ ka Rome dim da mɔr kpi'euŋ ka sʋ'ʋg tɛɛns banɛ ka gilig la, ba da zaŋ dɔɔbiis pa'al Corsica nɛ Sardinia dim ka 1st century AD nyaan sin'iŋ.<ref>Vigne, J.-D. (1992). "Zooarchaeology and the biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica and Sardinia since the last ice age". ''Mammal Review''. '''22''' (2): 87–96. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x|10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x.]]</ref> Ka Rome ya-dagɔbʋg dim zaba da naae yʋma tusa anu saŋa si'a la, ka Egypt dim yin dɔɔbiig buudi la pʋn yadigi paae tembanɛ bɛ Baltic mu'ar gbɛʋk linɛ bɛ German ya-nya'aŋ baba la.<ref name=":6" />


== Amus niŋgbiŋ bɛllim ==
== Amus niŋgbiŋ bɛllim ==


=== Bɛdim ===
=== Bɛdim ===
Yin mus la zug anɛ bi'ela ka o kɔnba an gingima ka li an wʋʋ Europe dɔɔbiig laa. Li wa'alim nɛ niŋgbiŋ la anɛ wʋʋ 46cm nɛ, ka na nyaŋi dɔnlʋg agɔl wʋʋ 23-25 cm, ka zʋʋr la mɛ wa'am wʋʋ 30 cm nɛ. Bʋn daad la an bɛdiri gaŋ bʋnnya'as la. Yin dɔɔbiis banɛ yuug ka an bʋnkʋda la mɔr tɛbisim wʋʋ 4-5 kg nɛ.
Yin mus la zug anɛ bi'ela ka o kɔnba an gingima ka li pʋ paae Europe dɔɔbiig laa.<ref>O'Connor, T. P. (2007). [http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf "Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat ''Felis silvestris''"] (PDF). ''International Journal of Osteoarchaeology''. '''17''' (6): 581–595. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/oa.913|10.1002/oa.913.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010849/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</ref> Li wa'alim nɛ niŋgbiŋ la anɛ wʋʋ 46cm nɛ, ka na nyaŋi dɔnlʋg agɔl wʋʋ 23-25 cm, ka zʋʋr la mɛ wa'am wʋʋ 30 cm nɛ. Bʋn daad la an bɛdiri gaŋ bʋnnya'as la.<ref>Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA99 "Domestic cat"]. ''[[iarchive:wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99|Wild Cats of the World]]''. [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Press|University of Chicago Press]]. pp. [[iarchive:wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99|99–112.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780226779997|9780226779997]]</bdi>.</ref> Yin dɔɔbiis banɛ yuug ka an bʋnkʋda la mɔr tɛbisim wʋʋ 4-5 kg nɛ.<ref name=":4" />


=== Kɔnba ===
=== Kɔnba ===
Dɔɔbiis mɔr kɔnba ayɔpɔi banɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ zugkunwaaŋ la (nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka an si'em la) nɛ nya'aŋkudug Kɔnba pii nɛ atan' (ninsaal mɔri pii nɛ ayi'), nɛ sia ni kɔnba ayɔpɔi (ka ninsaal ni an anu); nɛ kpiilʋg ni kɔnba (bʋnkɔnb sieba mɔr ala amaa ninsaal mɔri anu) nɛ kɔnba banɛ ti'e bɛɛ bɛ zʋʋr la tɔ'ɔŋ zin'isi'a ni la (ka ninsaal mɔr atan' ti paae anu ma'a banɛ an zʋʋr la kɔnba. nya'aŋkudug kɔnbir nɛ kɔnbbanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ wʋsa la kɛ ka zʋʋr la nyaŋid yuulim kpikpɛŋ-kpikpɛŋ. Linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbdaa la anɛ sapirig Kɔnba 12, biankimpiig kɔnba nɛ kpiila. Ka ninsaali pʋ nwɛnnɛ amus, amus tuon nɔba la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ biankimpiig kɔnbir la.
Dɔɔbiis mɔr kɔnba ayɔpɔi banɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ zugkunwaaŋ la (nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka an si'em la) nɛ nya'aŋkudug Kɔnba pii nɛ atan' (ninsaal mɔri pii nɛ ayi'), nɛ sia ni kɔnba ayɔpɔi (ka ninsaal ni an anu); nɛ kpiilʋg ni kɔnba (bʋnkɔnb sieba mɔr ala amaa ninsaal mɔri anu) nɛ kɔnba banɛ ti'e bɛɛ bɛ zʋʋr la tɔ'ɔŋ zin'isi'a ni la (ka ninsaal mɔr atan' ti paae anu ma'a banɛ an zʋʋr la kɔnba.<ref name=":7">Walker, W.F. (1982). ''Study of the Cat with Reference to Human Beings'' (4th revised ed.). T[[:en:Cengage|homson Learning/Cengage]]. ISBN 9780030579141</ref> nya'aŋkudug kɔnbir nɛ kɔnbbanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ wʋsa la kɛ ka zʋʋr la nyaŋid yuulim kpikpɛŋ-kpikpɛŋ. Linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbdaa la anɛ sapirig Kɔnba 12, biankimpiig kɔnba nɛ kpiila.<ref name=":7" /> Ka ninsaali pʋ nwɛnnɛ amus, amus tuon nɔba la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ biankimpiig kɔnbir la.<ref>Gillis, R., ed. (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm "Cat Skeleton"]. ''Zoolab''. La Crosse: [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin Press]]. Archived from [http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm the original] on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2012.</ref>


=== Zugnwaŋ ===
=== Zugnwaŋ ===
Amus la paasɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr nini kʋgʋris yalima la ni, ka mɔr yiebaŋ kanɛ an sʋm hali ka bɛɛ li kɔn. Yiebaŋ la nii, amus nam mɔrɛ nyina sieba buudi ka ba gban'adi kʋʋd ba aansid ni'im. O ya' nyaŋi gban'ae ni'im, amus zaŋid nɛ o tuon nyina ayi banɛ wa'am la, dumi ba niŋgɔɔnr, kɛ ka ba kʋnsi kpɛn li nya'aŋ kɔnbir la ni, ka li kɛ ka ba bʋn zɛndigi ti kpi. Ya' zaŋi mak nɛ amus sieba buudi ni, yin amus la tuon nyina la ziasima la pʋ zu'oe, ka zɛmisi nɛ yiebaŋ la, ka an linɛ tun'oe gban'ad dayu baanlig banɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbiri an bʋnbibis.
Amus la paasɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr nini kʋgʋris yalima la ni, ka mɔr yiebaŋ kanɛ an sʋm hali ka bɛɛ li kɔn. Yiebaŋ la nii, amus nam mɔrɛ nyina sieba buudi ka ba gban'adi kʋʋd ba aansid ni'im.<ref name=":8">Case, Linda P. (2003). ''The Cat: Its behavior, nutrition, and health''. Ames: [[:en:Iowa_State_University|Iowa State University Press.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813803319|9780813803319]]</bdi>.</ref> O ya' nyaŋi gban'ae ni'im, amus zaŋid nɛ o tuon nyina ayi banɛ wa'am la, dumi ba niŋgɔɔnr, kɛ ka ba kʋnsi kpɛn li nya'aŋ kɔnbir la ni, ka li kɛ ka ba bʋn zɛndigi ti kpi.<ref name=":9">Smith, Patricia; Tchernov, Eitan (1992). ''Structure, Function, and Evolution of Teeth''. [[:en:Freund_Publishing_House|Freund Publishing House.]] p. 217. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789652222701|9789652222701]]</bdi>.</ref> Ya' zaŋi mak nɛ amus sieba buudi ni, yin amus la tuon nyina la ziasima la pʋ zu'oe, ka zɛmisi nɛ yiebaŋ la, ka an linɛ tun'oe gban'ad dayu baanlig banɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbiri an bʋnbibis.<ref name=":9" />


Amus nyindaad la nɛ yiiga nyinyɔk la la'asi naam agɔl nɛ teŋir camassial nyina ka ba bɛ nɔɔr la pʋʋg kpikpɛmis la, ka an nyibanɛ ka o mɔri ɔnbid ni'im ka li dit nwɛnnɛ ma'adiŋ nɛ. Bamaa an nimmua kat wa'ae nɛ diibin yɛla, dinzugɔ ka dɔɔbiis nyinyu'a kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb diib sʋ'ʋŋa la, ka dɔɔbiis kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb ni'im bɛɛ diib ka li bʋlisɛ. Dɔɔbiis mɔr nyina ka li an sʋ'ʋŋa gat ninsaalib, ka nyin pʋ pɔn'ɔd bɛɛ san'am tɔ'ɔtɔ bɔzugɔ ba sianki taaba ka li gban'e kiŋ-kiŋ. Ka nintɔɔnr pʋ zu'oe, ka dibʋʋlʋm bɛɛ ni'im pʋ kpɛlim sian'a nyina nii, ka mɛ dit sigir diib zu'oda.
Amus nyindaad la nɛ yiiga nyinyɔk la la'asi naam agɔl nɛ teŋir camassial nyina ka ba bɛ nɔɔr la pʋʋg kpikpɛmis la, ka an nyibanɛ ka o mɔri ɔnbid ni'im ka li dit nwɛnnɛ ma'adiŋ nɛ. Bamaa an nimmua kat wa'ae nɛ diibin yɛla, dinzugɔ ka dɔɔbiis nyinyu'a kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb diib sʋ'ʋŋa la, ka dɔɔbiis kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb ni'im bɛɛ diib ka li bʋlisɛ.<ref name=":8" /> Dɔɔbiis mɔr nyina ka li an sʋ'ʋŋa gat ninsaalib, ka nyin pʋ pɔn'ɔd bɛɛ san'am tɔ'ɔtɔ bɔzugɔ ba sianki taaba ka li gban'e kiŋ-kiŋ. Ka nintɔɔnr pʋ zu'oe, ka dibʋʋlʋm bɛɛ ni'im pʋ kpɛlim sian'a nyina nii, ka mɛ dit sigir diib zu'oda.<ref>Carr, William H. A. (1 January 1978). ''[[iarchive:newbasicbookofca00carr/page/174|The New Basic Book of the Cat]]''. [[:en:Scribner's|Scribner's]]. p. 174. [[ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780684155494|9780684155494]]</bdi>.</ref>


=== Nɔb-ɛɛns ===
=== Nɔb-ɛɛns ===
Dɔɔbiis mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ kpi'em ka na nyaŋi nyud pʋʋgin. Amus la ya'a ti digbaanlim, nɔb-ɛɛns la lɛb nɛ sian'al bɛɛ nyud kpɛn' nɔba la pʋʋgin. Nɛ'ɛŋa gur nɔb-ɛɛns la ka li tuud teŋ bɛɛ si'el pʋ paadi li san'amma, kɛt ka nɔb-ɛɛns la an sappi ka dit sʋ'ʋŋa, ka o nyaŋid pigisid gban'ad bʋnvʋlnam ɔnbid. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ nɔba la tuon la dit gat banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la. Dɔɔbiis tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns wa'am bɛ ba nɔba la ni. Ba tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns la wa'am ka li anɛ ba ya'a tɔn'ɔsid bɛɛ ba ya'a guri ba mɛŋ nɛ na ya'a dʋt tiis nɛ ba ya'a igin baanlim bɛɛ ba ya'a zuon linɛ an num-num zug. Amus ya'a ɛnisidi o mɛŋ o nyurid o nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ yiiŋ la nɛ.
Dɔɔbiis mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ kpi'em ka na nyaŋi nyud pʋʋgin.<ref>Kitchener, A. C.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Yamaguchi, N. (2010). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114 "Felid form and function"]. In Macdonald, D.; Loveridge, A. (eds.). ''Biology and Conservation of wild felids''. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–106. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210216135340/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114_Felid_form_and_function Archived] from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2019.</ref> Amus la ya'a ti digbaanlim, nɔb-ɛɛns la lɛb nɛ sian'al bɛɛ nyud kpɛn' nɔba la pʋʋgin. Nɛ'ɛŋa gur nɔb-ɛɛns la ka li tuud teŋ bɛɛ si'el pʋ paadi li san'amma, kɛt ka nɔb-ɛɛns la an sappi ka dit sʋ'ʋŋa, ka o nyaŋid pigisid gban'ad bʋnvʋlnam ɔnbid. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ nɔba la tuon la dit gat banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la. Dɔɔbiis tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns wa'am bɛ ba nɔba la ni.<ref>Armes, A.F. (1900). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ "Outline of cat lessons"]. ''The School Journal''. '''LXI''': 659. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210806133121/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ Archived] from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</ref> Ba tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns la wa'am ka li anɛ ba ya'a tɔn'ɔsid bɛɛ ba ya'a guri ba mɛŋ nɛ na ya'a dʋt tiis nɛ ba ya'a igin baanlim bɛɛ ba ya'a zuon linɛ an num-num zug. Amus ya'a ɛnisidi o mɛŋ o nyurid o nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ yiiŋ la nɛ.<ref>Homberger, D. G.; Ham, K.; Ogunbakin, T.; Bonin, J. A.; Hopkins, B. A.; Osborn, M. L.; et al. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126 The structure of the cornified claw sheath in the domesticated cat (''Felis catus''): Implications for the claw-shedding mechanism and the evolution of cornified digital end organs"]. ''J Anat''. '''214''' (4): 620–43. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01068.x|10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01068.x]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126 2736126]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19422432 19422432].</ref>


Dɔɔbiis bɛdegʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns anu bɛɛ ba tuon nɔba la ni nɛ nɔb-ɛɛns anaasi bɛ nya'aŋ nɔba la ni. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ ba kɔn' nɛ banɛ bɛ la. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ nu'ubibis ayuobʋ banɛ aan ba kɔn' nyari. Bama nwa' n bɛ tuon nɔba ni ka nyurid pʋʋgin la o ya'a ken ba pʋ mɔr tʋʋmbɛ, amaa ba anɛ linɛ ka o mɔri ian'ad ka dʋt tiis. Amus buudi sieba bɛ ka mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns ka li gaad ala. Amus buudi banɛ aan ala la kpi'e nɛ Ya-nya'aŋ America linɛ li'el America ya-dagɔbʋg baba ka bɛ Britain la.
Dɔɔbiis bɛdegʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns anu bɛɛ ba tuon nɔba la ni nɛ nɔb-ɛɛns anaasi bɛ nya'aŋ nɔba la ni. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ ba kɔn' nɛ banɛ bɛ la. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ nu'ubibis ayuobʋ banɛ aan ba kɔn' nyari. Bama nwa' n bɛ tuon nɔba ni ka nyurid pʋʋgin la o ya'a ken ba pʋ mɔr tʋʋmbɛ, amaa ba anɛ linɛ ka o mɔri ian'ad ka dʋt tiis. Amus buudi sieba bɛ ka mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns ka li gaad ala.<ref>Danforth, C. H. (1947). "Heredity of polydactyly in the cat". ''The Journal of Heredity''. '''38''' (4): 107–112. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105701|10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105701]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20242531 20242531].</ref> Amus buudi banɛ aan ala la kpi'e nɛ Ya-nya'aŋ America linɛ li'el America ya-dagɔbʋg baba ka bɛ Britain la.<ref>Lettice, L. A.; Hill, A. E.; Devenney, P. S.; Hill, R. E. (2008). [[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|"Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog cis-regulator generate a variable regulatory output responsible for preaxial polydactyly"]]. ''Human Molecular Genetics''. '''17''' (7): 978–985. [[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|10.1093/hmg/ddm370]]. hdl:[[hdl:20.500.11820/76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5|20.500.11820/76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156157 18156157].</ref>


=== o ken yɛla ===
=== o ken yɛla ===
Amus la anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ken o nɔba zug bɛ teŋin. O kennɛ o nɔba zug, ka kɔnba banɛ bɛɛ o nɔba ni la la'asi lieb o nɔba la. Amus kennɛ ka o kpikpɛmis nɔba ayi'-yi la zian'asid dɔl taaba. Amus suon bɛɛ labin o nya'aŋ nɔba nɛ tuon nɔba la bɛ bɛndir suorin la, ka din ka o nyaŋid gban'ad si'el vikki, ka tʋbkpiidʋg nɛ bɛndir suoya sie. Nɛ'ɛŋa sʋŋid nya'aŋ nɔba la ka ba ken tenpar la zug ka si'el pʋ daamida. O ya'a ti bas ken la ka zɔti yu'osid la, noba la pʋ lɛn dɔl azimzim ya'asɛ: nya'aŋ dagɔbʋg nɛ nya'aŋ datiʋŋ nɔba la zian'asid dɔl taaba ka tuon dagɔbʋg nɛ tuon datiʋŋ nɔba la mɛ zian'asid dɔl taaba.
Amus la anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ken o nɔba zug bɛ teŋin. O kennɛ o nɔba zug, ka kɔnba banɛ bɛɛ o nɔba ni la la'asi lieb o nɔba la.<ref>Pocock, R. I. (1917). [[iarchive:ser8annalsmagazi19londuoft|"VII — On the external characters of the Felidæ"]]. ''The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology''. 8. '''19''' (109): 113–136. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00222931709486916|10.1080/00222931709486916.]]</ref> Amus kennɛ ka o kpikpɛmis nɔba ayi'-yi la zian'asid dɔl taaba. Amus suon bɛɛ labin o nya'aŋ nɔba nɛ tuon nɔba la bɛ bɛndir suorin la, ka din ka o nyaŋid gban'ad si'el vikki, ka tʋbkpiidʋg nɛ bɛndir suoya sie. Nɛ'ɛŋa sʋŋid nya'aŋ nɔba la ka ba ken tenpar la zug ka si'el pʋ daamida. O ya'a ti bas ken la ka zɔti yu'osid la, noba la pʋ lɛn dɔl azimzim ya'asɛ: nya'aŋ dagɔbʋg nɛ nya'aŋ datiʋŋ nɔba la zian'asid dɔl taaba ka tuon dagɔbʋg nɛ tuon datiʋŋ nɔba la mɛ zian'asid dɔl taaba.<ref>Christensen, W. (2004). [[iarchive:outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22|"The physical cat".]] ''[[iarchive:outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22|Outwitting Cats]]''. [[:en:Globe_Pequot|Globe Pequot.]] pp. 22–45. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781592282401|9781592282401]]</bdi>.</ref>


=== On tnn'oe o mɛŋ si'em ===
=== On tun'oe o mɛŋ si'em ===
Amus nam wʋsa nɔŋi ba zin'i lɔasieba banɛ bɛ agɔla ya'ae. Zin'i kanɛ dʋ ka bɛ agɔla anɛ linɛ na kɛ ka o nyaŋi tɔn'ɔs; yin amus ya'ae nɛ agɔla wʋʋ tiig wilin ka gban'adi o ni'im. Li mɛ lin pa'al ye zin'i banɛ bɛɛ agɔla kɛt ka amus nyɛt sʋ'ʋŋa, ka kɛt ka o tun'oe kim on bɛ zin' si'a la sʋŋa. Amus ya' naami agɔl 3 m (9.8 ft) lit na, o na nyaŋi li teŋin zi'e o nɔba zug.
Amus nam wʋsa nɔŋi ba zin'i lɔasieba banɛ bɛ agɔla ya'ae. Zin'i kanɛ dʋ ka bɛ agɔla anɛ linɛ na kɛ ka o nyaŋi tɔn'ɔs; yin amus ya'ae nɛ agɔla wʋʋ tiig wilin ka gban'adi o ni'im. Li mɛ lin pa'al ye zin'i banɛ bɛɛ agɔla kɛt ka amus nyɛt sʋ'ʋŋa, ka kɛt ka o tun'oe kim on bɛ zin' si'a la sʋŋa. Amus ya' naami agɔl 3 m (9.8 ft) lit na, o na nyaŋi li teŋin zi'e o nɔba zug.<ref>Kent, Marc; Platt, Simon R. (September 2010). "The neurology of balance: Function and dysfunction of the vestibular system in dogs and cats". ''The Veterinary Journal''. '''185''' (3): 247–249. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.029|10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.029]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19944632 19944632].</ref>


O ya' naam zin'i kanɛ bɛɛ agɔla lit teŋin, amus na zaŋi o ya'am galisʋg kanɛ k'o mɔri fɛntidi o mɛŋ la, nigi ti li zi'enɛ o nɔba zug. Fɛntidi o mɛŋ nwa buon nɛ [[Catherine Ablema Afeku|cat]] [[righting reflex]]. Amus fɛntidi maanɛ o mɛŋ sʋ'ʋŋa o liib saŋa ni, o ya'a mɔri saŋa bɛdigʋ na maala ala, li ya'a anɛ 90 cm (3.0 ft) nɛ nya'aŋ lallim liib bɛn. Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka amus nami niŋig si'em tun'oe fɛntidi ba niŋgbina ba liib saŋa ni la, ka li anɛ "[[falling cat problem]]".
O ya' naam zin'i kanɛ bɛɛ agɔla lit teŋin, amus na zaŋi o ya'am galisʋg kanɛ k'o mɔri fɛntidi o mɛŋ la, nigi ti li zi'enɛ o nɔba zug. Fɛntidi o mɛŋ nwa buon nɛ [[Catherine Ablema Afeku|cat]] [[righting reflex]].<ref>Gerathewohl, S. J.; Stallings, H. D. (1957). [https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf "The labyrinthine posture reflex (righting reflex) in the cat during weightlessness"] (PDF). ''The Journal of Aviation Medicine''. '''28''' (4): 345–355. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13462942 13462942]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201003155151/https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref> Amus fɛntidi maanɛ o mɛŋ sʋ'ʋŋa o liib saŋa ni, o ya'a mɔri saŋa bɛdigʋ na maala ala, li ya'a anɛ 90 cm (3.0 ft) nɛ nya'aŋ lallim liib bɛn.<ref>Nguyen, H. D. (1998). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20010410235503/http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/ How does a cat always land on its feet?"] School of Medical Engineering. Dynamics II (ME 3760) course materials [[:en:Georgia_Institute_of_Technology|Georgia Institute of Technology.]] Archived from [http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/ the original] on 10 April 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2007.</ref> Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka amus nami niŋig si'em tun'oe fɛntidi ba niŋgbina ba liib saŋa ni la, ka li anɛ "[[falling cat problem]]".<ref>Batterman, R. (2003). [http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf "Falling cats, parallel parking, and polarized light"] (PDF). ''Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics''. '''34''' (4): 527–557. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SHPMP..34..527B 2003SHPMP..34..527B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00062-5|10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00062-5]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140329/http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2022.</ref>


=== O kɔnbʋlʋg la si'im ===
=== O kɔnbʋlʋg la si'im ===
Amus buudi (Felidae) la tun'oe sikki ba nya'aŋ dim nɛ si'im, nɛ li gʋlʋb buudi bɛdigʋ. Yin amus genes ''MC1R'' nɛ ''ASIP'' la tisid si'im kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb la. Feline ASIP gene la mɔrɛ coding exons nam atan'. Novel [[microsatellite]] markers kanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ ASIP da bɛŋ nɛ luki yis yin amus ni, BAC clone kanɛ mɔr gene nwa la ye li tʋm [[linkage analysis]] tʋʋma nɛ yin amus nam 89 kanɛ ka ba wɛlig yis ye ba gɛdi ba. Yin amus buudi la nɛ ''ASIP'' allele la da tun'oe sikki gɛd nɛ si'im sabilig.
Amus buudi (Felidae) la tun'oe sikki ba nya'aŋ dim nɛ si'im, nɛ li gʋlʋb buudi bɛdigʋ. Yin amus genes ''MC1R'' nɛ ''ASIP'' la tisid si'im kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb la. Feline ASIP gene la mɔrɛ coding exons nam atan'.<ref>Eizirik, Eduardo; Yuhki, Naoya; Johnson, Warren E.; Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn; Hannah, Steven S.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (4 March 2003). [[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3|"Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Melanism in the Cat Family".]] ''Current Biology''. '''13''' (5): 448–453. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CBio...13..448E :2003CBio...13..448E.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3|10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822 0960-9822]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620197 12620197]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19021807 19021807].</ref> Novel [[microsatellite]] markers kanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ ASIP da bɛŋ nɛ luki yis yin amus ni, BAC clone kanɛ mɔr gene nwa la ye li tʋm [[linkage analysis]] tʋʋma nɛ yin amus nam 89 kanɛ ka ba wɛlig yis ye ba gɛdi ba. Yin amus buudi la nɛ ''ASIP'' allele la da tun'oe sikki gɛd nɛ si'im sabilig.<ref>https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00128-3.pdf</ref>


== O ya'am mɔrim ==
== O ya'am mɔrim ==

Lɛm gɔs nwɛnnɛ 18:24, 8 Sɛnlʋŋ/Nwadispiigin 2024

amus
organisms known by a particular common name
Subclass ofdomesticated mammal, pet, Felidae Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has usepet, mouser Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Start time8. millennium BCE Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has effectallergy to cats Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Studied infelinology Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Produced soundmeow, purr Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Male form of labeltomcat, Kater, maček Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🐈, 🐱 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Category for the view of the itemCategory:Views of cats Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Amus anɛ yin bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ʋnbid ni’im[1], dinɛ ka sieba buon ye adɔɔbiig bɛɛ apu'asabil. O buudi sieba bɛ mɔɔgin ka ba buon o ye amusgɛɛŋ bɛɛ piif[2]. Ba gʋ’ʋni amusnɛ ye o bɛ ninsaal ka mɔr zu’od nɛ saal ka na’asaalin buon ye ’pet’ la. Kpaad mɛn tɔn’ɔn gʋ’ʋli ba ni’im bɛɛ ligidi yɛla. Dinɛ yɛla ka ninsaal nɔŋa amus anɛ ye o tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ abaŋjanam ba la ya'namin la[3].

Amus mɔri ningbiŋ kpi’euŋ kanɛ an wisiŋa, ka yet hali, ka mɔr nyinkpi’enditta nɛ ya’aga/yiebaans banɛ tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ dayuus. O na tɔn'ɔn nye bɛɛ nyuus yʋʋg lalli. Amus pian’adi nɛ nisaal nɛ panrisʋg, duulʋmʋg bɛɛ kaasʋg.

Amus la, lɛn buon ye dɔɔgbiig la, anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg pɔɔdiŋ buudi onɛ diibi an ni'im, ka ba lieb yin bʋnkɔnbʋg. Li anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg kanɛ ma'aa an Felidae buudi. Archaelogy nɛ genetics mɔɔri ba vɛɛnsig ni pa'al ye, amus la lieb yin bʋnkɔnbig la nɛ Near East, 7500 BC yʋʋma la saŋa. Ba da gʋ'ʋn nɛ linɛ yaan, nɛ pɔɔgin, amaa ka ba lɛɛ da gɔɔnd wʋʋ feral cat, ka da pʋ la'asid nɛ saaliba. Ka saalib bɔɔd li hali, li zuod yɛla nɛ lin tun'oe kʋʋd bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr vermin la, amus la nɔbɛɛns kanɛ k'o tun'oedi tiend ka lɛbisidi ba pɔt la tun'oe nɛ kʋʋd bʋnkɔnb baanlʋg, wʋʋ kuus, nɛ dayuus. O niŋgbiʋŋ la mɔri paŋ ka bʋgʋs, ka tun'oe tɔ'ɔtɔ tʋʋma, ka mɔri nyina banɛ sas sʋ'ʋŋa, ka on nyɛt yʋ'ʋŋ la, nɛ on wʋm nyuug la mɔri paŋ. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg kanɛ buudi la'asid nɛ nidib, ka lɛɛ anɛ onɛ tɔn'ɔsidi o gullim, nɛ on tun'oe gban'adi o ni'im la'am nɛ sisɔbir, wining ya' kpɛn'ɛd la. Amus pian'ad dɔlsidi ba vuudin wʋʋ miow kɔnrib, ɛnrisig, uunsʋg nɛ kun'usʋg, ka pian'ad nɛ o niŋgbina. O tun'oe wʋm vuud kanɛ pɔɔd galis bɛɛ zu'oe bɛdigʋ galis ka ninsaal tʋbirkʋ wʋmm, wʋʋ vu banɛ bʋnkɔnb baanlig maan. O gmibid ka bʋnkɔnb sieba miilim o.

Yin amus nya'asŋ tun'oe mɔri bibibis lin zaŋ spring ti paae autumn zin'i banɛ ka tʋʋlʋg la zɛmis nɛ equatorial regions yʋʋm la wʋsa pʋ ʋgin, ka du'ad nɛbiis wʋʋ ayi ti paae anu bɛn. Amus gʋ'ʋn nɛ ka mɔri ken pedigreed cats malima namin, ya'amlɛɛg tʋʋma kanɛ buon fancy cat. Amus nam Kali na zɛmi si'em anɛ du'asiŋ la nɛ lana la na yisi sa'am, amaa ba kali paas si'em ka ba widugi tiing si'em, ka ba pʋ nyɛt gɔsig la kɛ ka amu yɛɛd nam zu'oe bɛdigʋ hali dunia nwa wʋsa pʋʋgin ka lin ta'as ka bʋn-ianda, bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnvuuda buudi. Am widigi bɛdigʋ.

Ti paae 2017 yʋʋm la ni, yin amus la da an bʋnkɔnbʋg zua kanɛ da paas ayi daan United States teŋgbaʋŋ sʋ'ʋlimim ka amus nam kal da an 95.6 million, ka yizut 42 million mɔri amus yinne. United Kingdom teŋgbaʋŋ sʋ'ʋlimin, kpɛm 26% mɔr amus, ka ba kal an wʋʋ amus zua10.9 million 2020 yʋʋm la ni. Ti paae 2021 yʋʋm la ni, amus banɛ ka nidib da sʋ'oe kal da an wʋʋ 220 million, ka bʋnyɛɛd an wʋʋ 480 dunia nwa pʋʋgin.

Pian'ad nam nɛ yʋda tisib yɛla

Na'asaal piank amus la si'igir, Old English catt, ba da tɛn'ɛs ka li anɛ Late Latin piank cattus, kan ka ba da buoli li nɛ 6th century la pin'ilʋgin.[4] Latin kʋdʋg piank la tun'oe da yi nɛ Africa pian'adin ka lin an buudi si'a la lɛɛ pʋ pa'alɛ.[5] Nubian piank la kaddiska amus gɛɛŋ nɛ Bubian kadis anɛ zin'i banɛ ka li tun'oe naam ma.[6]

Ba tun'oe mɛ yi nɛ Germanic kʋdʋg piankin kanɛ ka ba da kpɛn'ɛsi li Latin ni, ka da ti kpɛn Greek, Syriac, nɛ Arabic.[7] Piank la tun'oe da Germanic nɛ Northern European pian'ad namin, ka zan' ni, li pɛ'ɛŋ nɛ Uralic, c.f. Northern Sami gadfi, 'stoat nya'aŋ' nɛ Hungarian holgy, 'pu'asadir, stoat nya'aŋ', kanɛ yi Proto-Uralic. ...... nya'aŋ (bʋnkɔnbʋg ka mɔr kɔnbid).[8]

Na'asaal puss, kanɛ tʋgʋsi yʋʋn an pussy nɛ pussycat la anɛ sida, li naam nɛ 16th century la ni, ka ba tun'oe yi nɛ li nɛ Dutch poes bɛɛ Low German puuskatte kanɛ an Swedish kattepus, bɛɛ Norwegian pus, pusekatt. Buudi bama taaba bɛ Lithuanian. .... nɛ Irish puisin bɛɛ puiscin. Pian'a kaŋa naamʋg yɛla nie paalʋ, amaa li tun'oe naam yi nɛ vuud kanɛ ka ba maani buon amus.[9][10]

Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomca[11]t (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ).[12] Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab[13][14] (bɛɛ molly,[15] ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na.[16] Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring,[17] bɛɛ colony.[18]

Ba wɛligir nɛ yʋda tisib

Scientific name Felis catus,ka Carl Linnaeus da yi nɛ li ba pod yin amus la, 1758 ka ni.[1][2] Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben da bɔɔd ye ba tisi li Felis vagus domesticus 1777 yʋʋm la ni.[3] Ka Konstantin Sutabin, 1994 la da ye ba tisim li Felis daemon, amus sabil kanɛ da yi Transcaucasus, ka li nya'aŋ ka ba da baŋ ye o anɛ yin amus.[19][20]

2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la.[21][22] Yʋʋm tusa ayi' nɛ ayɔpɔi (2007) la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ Africa mɔɔgin amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin.[23][24] 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus.[25]

Ba bɛllim nɛ ba ti'asig ni

Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr yaab yimmir wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.[26] Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.[27] Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa.[28] Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la.[27] Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak.[29] Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38[30] nɛ genes nam 20,000.[31]

Ba buudi-buudi wɛligir

Yʋʋm 1758 ni la ka daʋ kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Carl Linnaeus la da pʋd yin dɔɔbiig ye felis catus. Daʋ kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Johann Christian da pʋd amus ye felis catus polycarp erxleben domesticus yʋʋm 1777 la ni. Ka daʋ kanɛ mɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Konstantin satunin la da pʋd amus sabilig kanɛ yi Transcaucasus la ye felis daemon yʋʋm 1904 la ni, ka nya'aŋ ka o lieb yin dɔɔbiig.

Yʋʋm 2013 la ni ka lʋgʋr kanɛ gɔsid bʋnkɔnbid yɛla ka ti buonnɛ ba ye international commission on zoological Nomenclature la da yina pa'al nyain ye yin dɔɔbiig kanɛ ka ba buon ye felis catus la anɛ o kɔn' nɛ ba buudi banɛ bɛ. Yʋʋm 2017 ni la, nannana yin dɔɔbiig buudi kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon F. silvestric catus ka ba gʋ'ʋn o dunia ni bɛdegʋ la, ba da yɛl o yinɛ America sian'arin mus buudi ni na (F lybica), ka li dɔli bʋnkɔnbid vɛɛnsʋg ni na. Yʋʋm 2017 ni la, ba da wɛlig IUCN dɔɔbiig la o kɔn' ka li dɔli ICZN yɛl si'em la kat wa'ae nɛ yin dɔɔbiig la aan o kɔn' ka ba buon ye Felis catus la.

on lieb yin bʋn la yɛla

Li da yuug ya hali ka ba baŋ ye Egypt teŋin [32]ka ba da pin'ili nɔk amus ka o lieb yin bʋn yiiga, ani ka ba na'asid dɔɔbiis hali yit 3100 BC saŋa sa.[33][34] La'am nɛ ala, suobanɛ ka ba da mi'i pin'ilʋgʋn sa ban na niŋ si'em ka bɛlis Africa mɔɔgin amus kpɛn'ɛs yin la, ba da pa'ali li li'el nɛ nidibi bɛ zin'isi'a ka li zu'oe bɛdiri ka an sassi bɛ shillourokambos nɛ Cyprus ya-tuona, ka li yuug wʋʋ 7500ti paae 7200 BC saŋa sa. Kasɛtta n da kae pa'an ye teŋin nid sɔ' pʋ gʋ'ʋn bʋnkɔnbid kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ Cyprus sʋ'ʋlʋm la, kɛnɛ ka banɛ sʋ'oe Neolithic teŋkpɛŋ kaŋa la mɔr dɔɔbiig nɛ sian'arin bʋnkɔnbid sieba yi middle east ken island na.[35] Dinzug ka banɛ vɛɛnsid yina yɛl ye yin kuusi zi Africa sian'arin dɔɔbiis ken ninsaal sʋ'ʋlʋmin na, ka kpaadib banɛ da dɛŋim gʋ'ʋn kɔnbid la bɛlis o. Kpinnim kanɛ bɛ kpaadib la nɛ dɔɔbiis banɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba la da bɛnɛ yuug paae yʋma tusir. Ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl kpɛn yadigid bɛɛ nɔbigid la, ala mɛn ka ba mɛ bɛlisid bɛɛ yɔɔmid dɔɔbiis n kpɛn'ɛsidi ba yin.[32][36] Nya'aŋ ka Egypt sian'arin mus kanɛ ka ba buon ye amusgaʋng la da sʋŋ kɛ ka amus lieb yin bʋn.

Ba da tɛn'ɛs saŋa bɛdigʋ kanɛ da gaad la a zaŋ amus milis o kɛ k'o lieb yin amus la da pin'il nɛ Egypt kʋdig ni, zin'ikanɛ ka amus nam da paamid na'asi nɛ yʋʋma 3100 BC ni la saŋa. Amaa bʋn linɛ da pa'al yiiga ye Africa mɔɔgin amus da lieb yin bʋn da anɛ ban lɛɛg teŋ la ka nyɛ ka li ka li da pin' teŋin la kpi'el nɛ neolithic nid yaʋg Shillourokambos Cyprus ya-dagɔbʋg baba, wʋʋ 7500-7200 BC yʋʋma banɛ gaad la sa. Kassɛtta kanɛ pa'an ye native mammalian fauna Cyprys teŋini kae laa, nidib banɛ da bɛ Neolithic teŋ bilin la da zi mɔɔgin amus la nɛ mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid sieba Middle East teŋin nɛ kpɛn'ɛsi ba teŋin la, an teŋ kanɛ ka ku'om giŋi gilig la. Alazugɔ, mittib da zaŋi li ye Africa mɔɔgin amus nam la da dɔlisi nɛ dayuusi keŋi paae kʋdʋmin nidib yaani ti kpɛlim Fertile Crescent, kas kas yin kuug la. (Mus musculus) ka Neolithic kpaadib da milisi ba, ka ba lieb yin bʋnam. Malisim da bɛ yiiga kpaadib la nɛ amus banɛ da lieb yin bʋnam la ti paae yʋʋma tus-mɔbis babiga. Kuob tʋʋma da widig si'em la, ala mɛn ka amus nami da miilim ka lieb yin bʋnam la da widig. Egypt mɔɔgin amus da paasi kɛ ka bʋn nya'as la gene poll naam saŋkan nya'aŋ.[37]

Leopard amus la (Prionailurus benglalensis) mɛŋi da lieb yin bʋn China teŋin 5500 BC yʋʋma la ni. Amus nami na lieb yin bʋnam ka lɛn bɛ mɔɔgin pʋ bɛ amus nam Malkin zinaa.

Linɛ da pa'an yin dɔɔbiigi bɛ Greece teŋin pin'ilʋgʋn sa la anɛ ala ti paae 1200 AB saŋa.[38] Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian nɛ Etruscan dimi da zaŋ yin mus pa'al Europe ya-tuona dim.[39] Yʋma tusa anu BC saŋa la, dɔɔbiis da anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ magna graecia nɛ Etruria sʋ'ʋlʋm la. Saŋkanɛ ka Rome dim da mɔr kpi'euŋ ka sʋ'ʋg tɛɛns banɛ ka gilig la, ba da zaŋ dɔɔbiis pa'al Corsica nɛ Sardinia dim ka 1st century AD nyaan sin'iŋ.[40] Ka Rome ya-dagɔbʋg dim zaba da naae yʋma tusa anu saŋa si'a la, ka Egypt dim yin dɔɔbiig buudi la pʋn yadigi paae tembanɛ bɛ Baltic mu'ar gbɛʋk linɛ bɛ German ya-nya'aŋ baba la.[37]

Amus niŋgbiŋ bɛllim

Bɛdim

Yin mus la zug anɛ bi'ela ka o kɔnba an gingima ka li pʋ paae Europe dɔɔbiig laa.[41] Li wa'alim nɛ niŋgbiŋ la anɛ wʋʋ 46cm nɛ, ka na nyaŋi dɔnlʋg agɔl wʋʋ 23-25 cm, ka zʋʋr la mɛ wa'am wʋʋ 30 cm nɛ. Bʋn daad la an bɛdiri gaŋ bʋnnya'as la.[42] Yin dɔɔbiis banɛ yuug ka an bʋnkʋda la mɔr tɛbisim wʋʋ 4-5 kg nɛ.[29]

Kɔnba

Dɔɔbiis mɔr kɔnba ayɔpɔi banɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ zugkunwaaŋ la (nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka an si'em la) nɛ nya'aŋkudug Kɔnba pii nɛ atan' (ninsaal mɔri pii nɛ ayi'), nɛ sia ni kɔnba ayɔpɔi (ka ninsaal ni an anu); nɛ kpiilʋg ni kɔnba (bʋnkɔnb sieba mɔr ala amaa ninsaal mɔri anu) nɛ kɔnba banɛ ti'e bɛɛ bɛ zʋʋr la tɔ'ɔŋ zin'isi'a ni la (ka ninsaal mɔr atan' ti paae anu ma'a banɛ an zʋʋr la kɔnba.[43] nya'aŋkudug kɔnbir nɛ kɔnbbanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ wʋsa la kɛ ka zʋʋr la nyaŋid yuulim kpikpɛŋ-kpikpɛŋ. Linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbdaa la anɛ sapirig Kɔnba 12, biankimpiig kɔnba nɛ kpiila.[43] Ka ninsaali pʋ nwɛnnɛ amus, amus tuon nɔba la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ biankimpiig kɔnbir la.[44]

Zugnwaŋ

Amus la paasɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr nini kʋgʋris yalima la ni, ka mɔr yiebaŋ kanɛ an sʋm hali ka bɛɛ li kɔn. Yiebaŋ la nii, amus nam mɔrɛ nyina sieba buudi ka ba gban'adi kʋʋd ba aansid ni'im.[45] O ya' nyaŋi gban'ae ni'im, amus zaŋid nɛ o tuon nyina ayi banɛ wa'am la, dumi ba niŋgɔɔnr, kɛ ka ba kʋnsi kpɛn li nya'aŋ kɔnbir la ni, ka li kɛ ka ba bʋn zɛndigi ti kpi.[46] Ya' zaŋi mak nɛ amus sieba buudi ni, yin amus la tuon nyina la ziasima la pʋ zu'oe, ka zɛmisi nɛ yiebaŋ la, ka an linɛ tun'oe gban'ad dayu baanlig banɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbiri an bʋnbibis.[46]

Amus nyindaad la nɛ yiiga nyinyɔk la la'asi naam agɔl nɛ teŋir camassial nyina ka ba bɛ nɔɔr la pʋʋg kpikpɛmis la, ka an nyibanɛ ka o mɔri ɔnbid ni'im ka li dit nwɛnnɛ ma'adiŋ nɛ. Bamaa an nimmua kat wa'ae nɛ diibin yɛla, dinzugɔ ka dɔɔbiis nyinyu'a kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb diib sʋ'ʋŋa la, ka dɔɔbiis kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb ni'im bɛɛ diib ka li bʋlisɛ.[45] Dɔɔbiis mɔr nyina ka li an sʋ'ʋŋa gat ninsaalib, ka nyin pʋ pɔn'ɔd bɛɛ san'am tɔ'ɔtɔ bɔzugɔ ba sianki taaba ka li gban'e kiŋ-kiŋ. Ka nintɔɔnr pʋ zu'oe, ka dibʋʋlʋm bɛɛ ni'im pʋ kpɛlim sian'a nyina nii, ka mɛ dit sigir diib zu'oda.[47]

Nɔb-ɛɛns

Dɔɔbiis mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ kpi'em ka na nyaŋi nyud pʋʋgin.[48] Amus la ya'a ti digbaanlim, nɔb-ɛɛns la lɛb nɛ sian'al bɛɛ nyud kpɛn' nɔba la pʋʋgin. Nɛ'ɛŋa gur nɔb-ɛɛns la ka li tuud teŋ bɛɛ si'el pʋ paadi li san'amma, kɛt ka nɔb-ɛɛns la an sappi ka dit sʋ'ʋŋa, ka o nyaŋid pigisid gban'ad bʋnvʋlnam ɔnbid. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ nɔba la tuon la dit gat banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la. Dɔɔbiis tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns wa'am bɛ ba nɔba la ni.[49] Ba tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns la wa'am ka li anɛ ba ya'a tɔn'ɔsid bɛɛ ba ya'a guri ba mɛŋ nɛ na ya'a dʋt tiis nɛ ba ya'a igin baanlim bɛɛ ba ya'a zuon linɛ an num-num zug. Amus ya'a ɛnisidi o mɛŋ o nyurid o nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ yiiŋ la nɛ.[50]

Dɔɔbiis bɛdegʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns anu bɛɛ ba tuon nɔba la ni nɛ nɔb-ɛɛns anaasi bɛ nya'aŋ nɔba la ni. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ ba kɔn' nɛ banɛ bɛ la. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ nu'ubibis ayuobʋ banɛ aan ba kɔn' nyari. Bama nwa' n bɛ tuon nɔba ni ka nyurid pʋʋgin la o ya'a ken ba pʋ mɔr tʋʋmbɛ, amaa ba anɛ linɛ ka o mɔri ian'ad ka dʋt tiis. Amus buudi sieba bɛ ka mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns ka li gaad ala.[51] Amus buudi banɛ aan ala la kpi'e nɛ Ya-nya'aŋ America linɛ li'el America ya-dagɔbʋg baba ka bɛ Britain la.[52]

o ken yɛla

Amus la anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ken o nɔba zug bɛ teŋin. O kennɛ o nɔba zug, ka kɔnba banɛ bɛɛ o nɔba ni la la'asi lieb o nɔba la.[53] Amus kennɛ ka o kpikpɛmis nɔba ayi'-yi la zian'asid dɔl taaba. Amus suon bɛɛ labin o nya'aŋ nɔba nɛ tuon nɔba la bɛ bɛndir suorin la, ka din ka o nyaŋid gban'ad si'el vikki, ka tʋbkpiidʋg nɛ bɛndir suoya sie. Nɛ'ɛŋa sʋŋid nya'aŋ nɔba la ka ba ken tenpar la zug ka si'el pʋ daamida. O ya'a ti bas ken la ka zɔti yu'osid la, noba la pʋ lɛn dɔl azimzim ya'asɛ: nya'aŋ dagɔbʋg nɛ nya'aŋ datiʋŋ nɔba la zian'asid dɔl taaba ka tuon dagɔbʋg nɛ tuon datiʋŋ nɔba la mɛ zian'asid dɔl taaba.[54]

On tun'oe o mɛŋ si'em

Amus nam wʋsa nɔŋi ba zin'i lɔasieba banɛ bɛ agɔla ya'ae. Zin'i kanɛ dʋ ka bɛ agɔla anɛ linɛ na kɛ ka o nyaŋi tɔn'ɔs; yin amus ya'ae nɛ agɔla wʋʋ tiig wilin ka gban'adi o ni'im. Li mɛ lin pa'al ye zin'i banɛ bɛɛ agɔla kɛt ka amus nyɛt sʋ'ʋŋa, ka kɛt ka o tun'oe kim on bɛ zin' si'a la sʋŋa. Amus ya' naami agɔl 3 m (9.8 ft) lit na, o na nyaŋi li teŋin zi'e o nɔba zug.[55]

O ya' naam zin'i kanɛ bɛɛ agɔla lit teŋin, amus na zaŋi o ya'am galisʋg kanɛ k'o mɔri fɛntidi o mɛŋ la, nigi ti li zi'enɛ o nɔba zug. Fɛntidi o mɛŋ nwa buon nɛ cat righting reflex.[56] Amus fɛntidi maanɛ o mɛŋ sʋ'ʋŋa o liib saŋa ni, o ya'a mɔri saŋa bɛdigʋ na maala ala, li ya'a anɛ 90 cm (3.0 ft) nɛ nya'aŋ lallim liib bɛn.[57] Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka amus nami niŋig si'em tun'oe fɛntidi ba niŋgbina ba liib saŋa ni la, ka li anɛ "falling cat problem".[58]

O kɔnbʋlʋg la si'im

Amus buudi (Felidae) la tun'oe sikki ba nya'aŋ dim nɛ si'im, nɛ li gʋlʋb buudi bɛdigʋ. Yin amus genes MC1R nɛ ASIP la tisid si'im kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb la. Feline ASIP gene la mɔrɛ coding exons nam atan'.[59] Novel microsatellite markers kanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ ASIP da bɛŋ nɛ luki yis yin amus ni, BAC clone kanɛ mɔr gene nwa la ye li tʋm linkage analysis tʋʋma nɛ yin amus nam 89 kanɛ ka ba wɛlig yis ye ba gɛdi ba. Yin amus buudi la nɛ ASIP allele la da tun'oe sikki gɛd nɛ si'im sabilig.[60]

O ya'am mɔrim

O nini nyɛt si'em

Amus nam nyɛt nɛ yʋ'ʋŋ sʋ'ʋŋa hali, ka tun'oe nyɛt bugum pʋdigir ayuobʋ yinne pʋʋgin kanɛ an saalib nyɛɛb bɛn. Nɛŋa nwa an linɛ bi'ela kɛ ka amus nini mɔr tapetum lucidum, linɛ tʋ'ʋsid bugum wʋsa linɛ kpɛn retina nii lɛbis nifin la, ka lin tisid nini la nyɛɛb la paŋ zibisigin. Ninbiel bɛda anɛ linɛ di'ed bugum. Yin amus la mɔrɛ ninbiel bibis linɛ kɛt ka o nyaŋi gɔsid bugum kanɛ nie nyain hali ka chromatic aberration kae. Zibisig ya'a bɛ, amus ninbiel ye yɔ'ɔg nɛ yalig . Yin amus la lɛɛ mɔrɛ color vision kanɛ ka'a sʋmm, ka mɔr cone cells buudi nam ayi ma'aa, banɛ nyɛt nɛ saa saŋgbaʋŋ si'im nɛ dɔnbʋʋlʋm kanɛ gɛnd nɛ dɛn'ɛm si'im; o pʋ tun'oe nyɛt bakid si'im zian nɛ dɛn'ɛm sʋ'ʋŋaa. On tun'oe tʋm middle wavelengths zin'isi'a li ya'a ka' rod cells la, tun'oe anɛ cone kanɛ paas atan' si'a. Nɛ'ɛŋa nwɛn wʋʋ li nyaŋi nyɛt zibisigin ka lɛɛ pʋ pa'an trichromatic nini nyɛɛbi an si'em. Amus nam mɛ mɔr nictitating membrane, ka li kɛt ka ba amisid ba nini la ka li pʋ lusidi ba gɔsigɔ.

O kɛlisʋg yɛla

Yin amus la kɛlisʋg ni mɔrɛ paŋ kɛ ka o wʋm vuud 500 Hz paae 32 KHz. O tun'oe baŋ vuud kanɛ kpi'em bɛdigʋ wʋʋ 55 Hz paae 79 KHz, amaa ka saalib na tun'oe baŋ nɛ vuud kanɛ bɛ 20 Hz nɛ 20 KHz teŋsʋk. O nyaŋidi wʋm 10.5 aclaves, ka saalib nɛ baas na nyaŋi wʋm nɛ wʋʋ 9 oclaves. Linɛ sʋŋidi kɛt ka o wʋm sʋ'ʋŋa hali la anɛ o tʋba la yalim k'o piŋidi ba tɔɔmid la, pinnae linɛ kɛt ka vuud dʋt agɔla ka baŋid vuud la yit zin'isi'a la. Li na nyaŋi baŋ ultrasound kanɛ kɛt ka li baŋid ultrasinic buolʋg nam banɛ ka dayuus naam. Yuoluŋ vɛɛnsʋg pa'al ye, amus anɛ onɛ bɔɔd taaba bɛllimin, ka tun'oe tɛn'ɛsidi mi' o daan kʋkɔr, nɛ o pian'adi yit zin'isi'a paadi o san'an la.

O nyuug wʋmʋg yɛla

Vʋm kalig nɛ nimma’asim yɛla

Amus banɛ bɛ yaan la vʋm maligim paasnɛ yʋma kɔbʋga banɛ gaad la ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnii la ni (1980), di da anɛ yʋma ayɔpɔi, ka yʋ’ʋn nɔbʋgʋ keŋ yʋma awai nɛ nwaisa anaasi yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ piswai nɛ anu (1995) la ni, ka nɔbʋgʋ paasi keŋ yʋʋma piinɛ atan yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anaasi (2014) nɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ pisi nɛ atan (2023) la ni.

Amus daad yuugidi gaati bʋn-nya’as; vɛɛnsʋg yinne pa’al ye amus daad banɛ ka ba fu’a na vui yuugi gaadi ba bʋndaad taaba, ka bʋnya’ambanɛ ka ba fu’oe ba dʋ’asiŋ mɛ nyaŋidi vʋi yuugʋdi gati ba bʋnya’aŋ taaba pisyuobʋ nɛ anu kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (65%). Fʋ ya’ fu’a amus di mɔr nyɔɔdi tis o bɛllim, nwɛnɛ ba na vʋi yuug ka lɛn dʋ’a gaad ban naani dʋ’an si’em. Amaa, fʋ ya’a fu’a amus, di kɛtnɛ ka o bɔɔd diib tɔ’ɔtɔ bɛɛ dit bɛdegʋ gaad on ɛɛnti dit si’em la ka mɛ kɛ ka diib la pʋ buoed din nar si’em dinɛ tʋn’e ta’as ka banɛ ka ba fu’a la pʋʋr uk. Banɛ ɛɛnti an nwadisa anaasi bɛɛ pʋ paae ala ka ba fu’a ba la pisi nɛ anii kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (28%) ka banɛ gɔsid ni’im ɔnbir yɛla America la siaki tis vɛɛnsʋg yinne pʋʋgʋn. nidib mɛ pa’ali ba pʋtɛnda zaŋi keŋ ban ɛɛnti dɛŋi fu’a ba ye di kɛtnɛ ka ba pʋ nɔbʋgʋdʋ paadi ba bɛnnɛ, ka mɛ lɛn tʋn’e tisi ba dʋ’ʋnsuug ban’as.

Ban’as

Ban’as nwɛnɛ kɔbʋsyi’ nɛ pisnu (250) banɛ lɔmisid ka ba nyɛ amus nam ni; ba sieba nwɛnɛ gbɛlima banɛ ninsaalib dʋ’am saŋa ni nɛ. Ban’abama nwɛn taaba la kɛya ka ba mɔr vɛɛnsʋg suokanɛ ka ba da maali tis ninsaalib la vɛɛnsid bʋnkɔnbid la ni mɛn, la’anɛ amus nam ka ba mɔri maan zanbini tis bʋnkɔnbid buudi wʋsa. Ban’abanɛ daamid yin dɔɔbiig bɛɛ amus nam anɛ bama nwɛ’ɛdʋg, ba’amada daamʋg, sapʋ’ad, nɛ ba’abama mɛn; susunya ban’as kɔnba ban’as giinla ban’as nɛ sieba bɛdegʋ. Pima bɛdegʋ bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi kunsi amus nam ka ba paam laafi yi ban’as bɛdegʋ ni nwɛnɛ ban ti’ebidi ba si’em yisid bʋn-ian’ada, gaana, ba’amada, nɛ sunsɔmnam si’em la.


Gbanvɛɛnsa

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534%E2%80%93535&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947
  4. ↑ McKnight, G. H. (1923). "Words and Archaeology". English Words and Their Background. New York, London: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 293–311.
  5. ↑ Pictet, A. (1859). Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs : essai de paléontologie linguistique (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez. p. 381.
  6. ↑ Keller, O. (1909). Die antike Tierwelt (in German). Vol. Säugetiere. Leipzig: Walther von Wartburg. p. 75.
  7. ↑ Huehnergard, J. (2008). "Qitta: Arabic Cats". In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.). Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 407–418. ISBN 9789004165731. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  8. ↑ Kroonen, G. (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 281f. ISBN 9789004183407.
  9. ↑ "Puss". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  10. ↑ "puss". Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Gramercy (Random House). 1996. p. 1571.
  11. ↑ "tom cat, tom-cat". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  12. ↑ "gib, n.2". The Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  13. ↑ "queen cat". The Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  14. ↑ Some sources wrote that queen refers to unspayed cats that are in an oestrus cycle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrous_cycle https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat https://web.archive.org/web/20231001160548/https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-catfrom the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
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