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Bɔɔnlʋm 1:
{{Databox|item=Q146}}
'''Amus''' anɛ yin bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ʋnbid ni’im<ref name=":0">https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534%E2%80%93535&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>, dinɛ ka sieba buon ye adɔɔbiig bɛɛ apu'asabil. O buudi sieba bɛ mɔɔgin ka ba buon o ye amusgɛɛŋ bɛɛ piif<ref name=":1">https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>. Ba gʋ’ʋni amusnɛ ye o bɛ ninsaal ka mɔr zu’od nɛ saal ka na’asaalin buon ye ’pet’ la. [[Kpaad]] mɛn tɔn’ɔn gʋ’ʋli ba [[ni’im]] bɛɛ ligidi yɛla. Dinɛ yɛla ka [[Ninsaal Niŋgbin lu'as|ninsaal]] nɔŋa amus anɛ ye o tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ abaŋjanam ba la ya'namin la<ref name=":2">https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947</ref>.
 
Amus mɔri ningbiŋ kpi’euŋ kanɛ an wisiŋa, ka yet hali, ka mɔr nyinkpi’enditta nɛ ya’aga/[[yiebaans]] banɛ tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ [[dayuus]]. O na tɔn'ɔn nye bɛɛ nyuus yʋʋg lalli. Amus pian’adi nɛ nisaal nɛ panrisʋg, duulʋmʋg bɛɛ kaasʋg.
Bɔɔnlʋm 11:
 
=== Pian'ad nam nɛ yʋda tisib yɛla ===
Na'asaal piank ''amus'' la si'igir, [[Old English]] ''catt'', ba da tɛn'ɛs ka li anɛ [[Late Latin]] piank ''cattus'', kan ka ba da buoli li nɛ 6th century la pin'ilʋgin.<ref>McKnight, G. H. (1923). [[iarchive:englishwordsthei00mckn/page/300|"Words and Archaeology"]]. ''English Words and Their Background''. New York, London: [[:en:D._Appleton_and_Company|D. Appleton and Company]]. pp. 293–311.</ref> Latin kʋdʋg piank la tun'oe da yi nɛ [[Africa pian'adin]] ka lin an buudi si'a la lɛɛ pʋ pa'alɛ.<ref>Pictet, A. (1859). ''Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs : essai de paléontologie linguistique'' (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez. p. 381.</ref> [[Nubian]] piank la ''kaddiska'' '''amus gɛɛŋ''' nɛ [[Bubian]] ''kadis'' anɛ zin'i banɛ ka li tun'oe naam ma.<ref>Keller, O. (1909). ''Die antike Tierwelt'' (in German). Vol. Säugetiere. Leipzig: [[:en:Walther_von_Wartburg|Walther von Wartburg]]. p. 75.</ref>
 
Ba tun'oe mɛ yi nɛ Germanic kʋdʋg piankin kanɛ ka ba da kpɛn'ɛsi li Latin ni, ka da ti kpɛn Greek, Syriac, nɛ Arabic.<ref>Huehnergard, J. (2008). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 Qitta: Arabic Cats]". In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.). ''Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday''. Leiden, Boston: [[:en:Brill_(publisher)|Brill]]. pp. 407–418. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789004165731|9789004165731]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062414/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407 Archived] from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</ref> Piank la tun'oe da Germanic nɛ Northern European pian'ad namin, ka zan' ni, li pɛ'ɛŋ nɛ [[Uralic]], c.f. [[Northern Sami]] gadfi, 'stoat nya'aŋ' nɛ [[Hungarian]] ''holgy'', 'pu'asadir, stoat nya'aŋ', kanɛ yi [[Proto-Uralic]]. ...... nya'aŋ (bʋnkɔnbʋg ka mɔr kɔnbid).<ref>Kroonen, G. (2013). ''Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic''. Leiden, Netherlands: [[:en:Brill_Publishers|Brill Publishers]]. p. 281f. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789004183407|9789004183407]]</bdi>.</ref>
 
Na'asaal ''[[puss]]'', kanɛ tʋgʋsi yʋʋn an pussy nɛ pussycat la anɛ sida, li naam nɛ 16th century la ni, ka ba tun'oe yi nɛ li nɛ [[Dutch]] ''poes'' bɛɛ [[Low German]] ''puuskatte'' kanɛ an [[Swedish]] ''kattepus'', bɛɛ [[Norwegian]] ''pus, pusekatt''. Buudi bama taaba bɛ Lithuanian. .... nɛ Irish puisin bɛɛ puiscin. Pian'a kaŋa naamʋg yɛla nie paalʋ, amaa li tun'oe naam yi nɛ vuud kanɛ ka ba maani buon amus.<ref>"[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702 Puss]". ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702 Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref><ref>"puss". ''Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language''. New York: [[:en:Random_House|Gramercy (Random House)]]. 1996. p. 1571.</ref>
 
Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomca<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203100#eid18281825 "tom cat, tom-cat".] ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref>t (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ).<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid "gib, n.2"]. ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180918111545/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid Archived] from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab<ref>[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294 "queen cat"]. ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294 Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref><ref>Some sources wrote that ''queen'' refers to unspayed cats that are in an oestrus cycle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrous_cycle
Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomcat (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ). Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab (bɛɛ molly, ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na. Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring, bɛɛ colony.
 
https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called
 
https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat
 
https://web.archive.org/web/20231001160548/https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat<nowiki/>from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> (bɛɛ molly,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143959/https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats "7 fascinating facts about female cats"]. ''Cats Protection''. 8 March 2020. Archived from [https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats the original] on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na.<ref>"[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid catling]". ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid Archived] from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012112007/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of "What do you call a group of ...?".] ''[[:en:Oxford_Dictionaries_Online|Oxford Dictionaries Online]]''. Oxford University Press. Archived from [http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of the original] on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.</ref> bɛɛ colony.<ref>[https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/terms-we-use-cats "Terms we use for cats".] ''The Humane Society of the United States''. Retrieved 2 August 2024.</ref>
 
=== Ba wɛligir nɛ yʋda tisib ===
Scientific name Felis catus,ka Carl Linnaeus da yi nɛ li ba pod yin amus la, 1758 ka ni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben da bɔɔd ye ba tisi li Felis vagus domesticus 1777 yʋʋm la ni.<ref name=":2" /> Ka Konstantin Sutabin, 1994 la da ye ba tisim li Felis daemon, amus sabil kanɛ da yi Transcaucasus, ka li nya'aŋ ka ba da baŋ ye o anɛ yin amus.<ref>Satunin, C. (1904). "[[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19042zool|The Black Wild Cat of Transcaucasia"]]. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London''. '''II''': [[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19042zool/page/162|162]]–163.</ref><ref>Bukhnikashvili, A.; Yevlampiev, I. (eds.). ''C[http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf atalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large Mammalian Fauna in the Collection]'' (PDF). Tbilisi: [[:en:National_Museum_of_Georgia|National Museum of Georgia.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073023/http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref>
 
2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la.<ref>[[iarchive:bulletinofzoolog602003int/page/81|"Opinion 2027"]]. ''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature''. '''60'''. [[:en:International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature|International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:]] 81−82. 2003.</ref><ref>Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P. (2004). [http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"] (PDF). ''Journal of Archaeological Science''. '''31''' (5): 645–651. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JArSc..31..645G 2004JArSc..31..645G.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006|10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052316/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2019.</ref> Yʋʋm tusa ayi' nɛ ayɔpɔi (2007) la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ [[Africa mɔɔgin]] amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin.<ref>Driscoll, C. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791 "In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of Domestication".] ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''106''' (S1): 9971–9978. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9971D 2009PNAS..106.9971D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0901586106|10.1073/pnas.0901586106]]. PMC 2702791. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528637 19528637].</ref><ref>[[:en:W._Chris_Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]] (2005). [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057 "Species ''Felis silvestris''"]. In [[:en:Don_E._Wilson|Wilson, D. E.]]; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA536%E2%80%93537 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 536–537. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|978-0-8018-8221-0]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494].</ref> 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus.<ref>Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). [https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 11: 21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172708/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Archived] (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2018.</ref>
2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la. 2007 yʋʋm la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ [[Africa mɔɔgin]] amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin. 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus
 
=== Ba bɛllim nɛ ba ti'asig ni ===
Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr [[yaab yimmir]] wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.<ref>Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997). [https://zenodo.org/record/1232587 "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes"]. ''Journal of Molecular Evolution''. '''44''' (S1): S98–S116. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JMolE..44S..98J :1997JMolE..44S..98J]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/PL00000060|10.1007/PL00000060.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9071018 9071018]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40185850 40185850]. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2018.</ref> Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.<ref name=":3">Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). [https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment"]. ''Science''. '''311''' (5757): 73–77. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311...73J :2006Sci...311...73J.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1122277|10.1126/science.1122277.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400146 16400146]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41672825 41672825]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201004075725/https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 Archived] from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2018.</ref> Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa.<ref>Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)".] ''Genome Research''. '''26''' (1): 1–11. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114|10.1101/gr.186668.114]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742 4691742]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26518481 26518481].</ref> Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la.<ref name=":3" /> Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak.<ref name=":4">Mattern, M.Y.; McLennan, D.A. (2000). [[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x|"Phylogeny and speciation of Felids".]] ''Cladistics''. '''16''' (2): 232–253. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34902955 34902955]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85043293 85043293].</ref> Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38<ref>Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five Mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". ''Chromosome Research''. '''10''' (3): 209–222. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1023/A:1015292005631|10.1023/A:1015292005631.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067210 12067210]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9660694 9660694].</ref> nɛ genes nam 20,000.<ref>Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R.; Agencourt Sequencing Team; et al. (NISC Comparative Sequencing Program) (2007).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150''Genome Research''. '''17''' (11): 1675–1689 doi:[[doi:10.1101/gr.6380007|10.1101/gr.6380007.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150 2045150]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975172 17975172]. </ref>
Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr [[yaab yimmir]] wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la. Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la. Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa. Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la. Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak. Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38 nɛ genes nam 20,000.
 
=== Ba buudi-buudi wɛligir ===
Line 33 ⟶ 39:
 
=== on lieb yin bʋn la yɛla ===
Li da yuug ya hali ka ba baŋ ye Egypt teŋin <ref name=":5">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612713</ref>ka ba da pin'ili nɔk amus ka o lieb yin bʋn yiiga, ani ka ba na'asid dɔɔbiis hali yit 3100 BC saŋa sa.<ref>Langton, N.; Langton, M. B. (1940). ''The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the collection of cat and other Egyptian figures formed''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>Malek, J. (1997). ''The Cat in Ancient Egypt'' (Revised ed.). Philadelphia: [[:en:University_of_Pennsylvania_Press|University of Pennsylvania Press.]]</ref> La'am nɛ ala, suobanɛ ka ba da mi'i pin'ilʋgʋn sa ban na niŋ si'em ka bɛlis Africa mɔɔgin amus kpɛn'ɛs yin la, ba da pa'ali li li'el nɛ nidibi bɛ zin'isi'a ka li zu'oe bɛdiri ka an sassi bɛ shillourokambos nɛ Cyprus ya-tuona, ka li yuug wʋʋ 7500ti paae 7200 BC saŋa sa. Kasɛtta n da kae pa'an ye teŋin nid sɔ' pʋ gʋ'ʋn bʋnkɔnbid kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ Cyprus sʋ'ʋlʋm la, kɛnɛ ka banɛ sʋ'oe Neolithic teŋkpɛŋ kaŋa la mɔr dɔɔbiig nɛ sian'arin bʋnkɔnbid sieba yi middle east ken island na.<ref>Vigne, J. D.; Guilaine, J.; Debue, K.; Haye, L.; Gérard, P. (2004). "Early taming of the cat in Cyprus". ''[[:en:Science_(journal)|Science]]''. '''304''' (5668): 259. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.1095335|10.1126/science.1095335]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15073370 15073370]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28294367 28294367].</ref> Dinzug ka banɛ vɛɛnsid yina yɛl ye yin kuusi zi Africa sian'arin dɔɔbiis ken ninsaal sʋ'ʋlʋmin na, ka kpaadib banɛ da dɛŋim gʋ'ʋn kɔnbid la bɛlis o. Kpinnim kanɛ bɛ kpaadib la nɛ dɔɔbiis banɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba la da bɛnɛ yuug paae yʋma tusir. Ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl kpɛn yadigid bɛɛ nɔbigid la, ala mɛn ka ba mɛ bɛlisid bɛɛ yɔɔmid dɔɔbiis n kpɛn'ɛsidi ba yin.<ref name=":5" /><ref>Driscoll, C. A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Kitchener, A. C.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555 The taming of the cat]". ''Scientific American''. '''300''' (6): 68–75. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm.300f..68D :2009SciAm.300f..68D]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68|10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68]] (inactive 19 June 2024). [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26001382 26001382]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555 5790555]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19485091 19485091].</ref> Nya'aŋ ka Egypt sian'arin mus kanɛ ka ba buon ye amusgaʋng la da sʋŋ kɛ ka amus lieb yin bʋn.
 
Ba da tɛn'ɛs saŋa bɛdigʋ kanɛ da gaad la a zaŋ amus milis o kɛ k'o lieb yin amus la da pin'il nɛ Egypt kʋdig ni, zin'ikanɛ ka amus nam da paamid na'asi nɛ yʋʋma 3100 BC ni la saŋa. Amaa bʋn linɛ da pa'al yiiga ye Africa mɔɔgin amus da lieb yin bʋn da anɛ ban lɛɛg teŋ la ka nyɛ ka li ka li da pin' teŋin la kpi'el nɛ neolithic nid yaʋg Shillourokambos Cyprus ya-dagɔbʋg baba, wʋʋ 7500-7200 BC yʋʋma banɛ gaad la sa. Kassɛtta kanɛ pa'an ye native mammalian fauna Cyprys teŋini kae laa, nidib banɛ da bɛ Neolithic teŋ bilin la da zi mɔɔgin amus la nɛ mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid sieba Middle East teŋin nɛ kpɛn'ɛsi ba teŋin la, an teŋ kanɛ ka ku'om giŋi gilig la. Alazugɔ, mittib da zaŋi li ye Africa mɔɔgin amus nam la da dɔlisi nɛ dayuusi keŋi paae kʋdʋmin nidib yaani ti kpɛlim Fertile Crescent, kas kas yin kuug la. (''Mus musculus'') ka Neolithic kpaadib da milisi ba, ka ba lieb yin bʋnam. Malisim da bɛ yiiga kpaadib la nɛ amus banɛ da lieb yin bʋnam la ti paae yʋʋma tus-mɔbis babiga. Kuob tʋʋma da widig si'em la, ala mɛn ka amus nami da miilim ka lieb yin bʋnam la da widig. Egypt mɔɔgin amus da paasi kɛ ka bʋn nya'as la gene poll naam saŋkan nya'aŋ.<ref name=":6">Ottoni, C.; van Neer, W.; de Cupere, B.; Daligault, J.; Guimaraes, S.; Peters, J.; Spassov, N.; Prendergast, M. E.; Boivin, N.; Morales-Muñiz, A.; Bălăşescu, A.; Becker, C.; Benecke, N.; Boroneant, A.; Buitenhuis, H.; Chahoud, J.; Crowther, A.; Llorente, L.; Manaseryan, N.; Monchot, H.; Onar, V.; Osypińska, M.; Putelat, O.; Quintana Morales, E.M.; Studer, J.; Wierer, U.; Decorte, R.; Grange, T.; Geigl, E. (2017). [https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world(04942e78-fa48-4700-ad97-29fcdf9077a1).html "The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world"]. ''Nature Ecology & Evolution''. '''1''' (7): 0139. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEE...1..139O 2017NatEE...1..139O.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0139|10.1038/s41559-017-0139]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|44041769]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world Archived] from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref>
 
Leopard amus la (''Prionailurus'' ''benglalensis'') mɛŋi da lieb yin bʋn China teŋin 5500 BC yʋʋma la ni. Amus nami na lieb yin bʋnam ka lɛn bɛ mɔɔgin pʋ bɛ amus nam Malkin zinaa.
 
Linɛ da pa'an yin dɔɔbiigi bɛ Greece teŋin pin'ilʋgʋn sa la anɛ ala ti paae 1200 AB saŋa.<ref>Faure, E.; Kitchener, A. C. (2009). "An archaeological and historical review of the relationships between Felids and people". ''Anthrozoös''. '''22''' (3): 221−238. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2752/175303709X457577|10.2752/175303709X457577]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84308532 84308532].</ref> Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian nɛ Etruscan dimi da zaŋ yin mus pa'al Europe ya-tuona dim.<ref>Ragni, B.; Possenti, M.; Sforzi, A.; Zavalloni, D.; Ciani, F. (1994). [https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf "The wildcat in central-northern Italian peninsula: a biogeographical dilemma"] (PDF). ''Biogeographia''. '''17''' (1). [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.21426/B617110417|10.21426/B617110417]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726121432/https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2019.</ref> Yʋma tusa anu BC saŋa la, dɔɔbiis da anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ magna graecia nɛ Etruria sʋ'ʋlʋm la. Saŋkanɛ ka Rome dim da mɔr kpi'euŋ ka sʋ'ʋg tɛɛns banɛ ka gilig la, ba da zaŋ dɔɔbiis pa'al Corsica nɛ Sardinia dim ka 1st century AD nyaan sisin'iŋ.<ref>Vigne, J.-D. (1992). "Zooarchaeology and the biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica and Sardinia since the last ice age". ''Mammal Review''. '''22''' (2): 87–96. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x|10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x.]]</ref> Ka Rome ya-dagɔbʋg dim zaba da naae yʋma tusa anu saŋa si'a la, ka Egypt dim yin dɔɔbiig buudi la pʋn yadigi paae tembanɛ bɛ Baltic mu'ar gbɛʋk linɛ bɛ German ya-nya'aŋ baba la.<ref name=":6" />
 
== Amus niŋgbiŋ bɛllim ==
 
=== Bɛdim ===
Yin mus la zug anɛ bi'ela ka o kɔnba an gingima ka li anpʋ wʋʋpaae Europe dɔɔbiig laa.<ref>O'Connor, T. P. (2007). [http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf "Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat ''Felis silvestris''"] (PDF). ''International Journal of Osteoarchaeology''. '''17''' (6): 581–595. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/oa.913|10.1002/oa.913.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010849/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</ref> Li wa'alim nɛ niŋgbiŋ la anɛ wʋʋ 46cm nɛ, ka na nyaŋi dɔnlʋg agɔl wʋʋ 23-25 cm, ka zʋʋr la mɛ wa'am wʋʋ 30 cm nɛ. Bʋn daad la an bɛdiri gaŋ bʋnnya'as la.<ref>Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA99 "Domestic cat"]. ''[[iarchive:wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99|Wild Cats of the World]]''. [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Press|University of Chicago Press]]. pp. [[iarchive:wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99|99–112.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780226779997|9780226779997]]</bdi>.</ref> Yin dɔɔbiis banɛ yuug ka an bʋnkʋda la mɔr tɛbisim wʋʋ 4-5 kg nɛ.<ref name=":4" />
 
=== Kɔnba ===
Dɔɔbiis mɔr kɔnba ayɔpɔi banɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ zugkunwaaŋ la (nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka an si'em la) nɛ nya'aŋkudug Kɔnba pii nɛ atan' (ninsaal mɔri pii nɛ ayi'), nɛ sia ni kɔnba ayɔpɔi (ka ninsaal ni an anu); nɛ kpiilʋg ni kɔnba (bʋnkɔnb sieba mɔr ala amaa ninsaal mɔri anu) nɛ kɔnba banɛ ti'e bɛɛ bɛ zʋʋr la tɔ'ɔŋ zin'isi'a ni la (ka ninsaal mɔr atan' ti paae anu ma'a banɛ an zʋʋr la kɔnba.<ref name=":7">Walker, W.F. (1982). ''Study of the Cat with Reference to Human Beings'' (4th revised ed.). T[[:en:Cengage|homson Learning/Cengage]]. ISBN 9780030579141</ref> nya'aŋkudug kɔnbir nɛ kɔnbbanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ wʋsa la kɛ ka zʋʋr la nyaŋid yuulim kpikpɛŋ-kpikpɛŋ. Linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbdaa la anɛ sapirig Kɔnba 12, biankimpiig kɔnba nɛ kpiila.<ref name=":7" /> Ka ninsaali pʋ nwɛnnɛ amus, amus tuon nɔba la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ biankimpiig kɔnbir la.<ref>Gillis, R., ed. (2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm "Cat Skeleton"]. ''Zoolab''. La Crosse: [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin Press]]. Archived from [http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm the original] on 6 December 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2012.</ref>
 
=== Zugnwaŋ ===
Amus la paasɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr nini kʋgʋris yalima la ni, ka mɔr yiebaŋ kanɛ an sʋm hali ka bɛɛ li kɔn. Yiebaŋ la nii, amus nam mɔrɛ nyina sieba buudi ka ba gban'adi kʋʋd ba aansid ni'im.<ref name=":8">Case, Linda P. (2003). ''The Cat: Its behavior, nutrition, and health''. Ames: [[:en:Iowa_State_University|Iowa State University Press.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813803319|9780813803319]]</bdi>.</ref> O ya' nyaŋi gban'ae ni'im, amus zaŋid nɛ o tuon nyina ayi banɛ wa'am la, dumi ba niŋgɔɔnr, kɛ ka ba kʋnsi kpɛn li nya'aŋ kɔnbir la ni, ka li kɛ ka ba bʋn zɛndigi ti kpi.<ref name=":9">Smith, Patricia; Tchernov, Eitan (1992). ''Structure, Function, and Evolution of Teeth''. [[:en:Freund_Publishing_House|Freund Publishing House.]] p. 217. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789652222701|9789652222701]]</bdi>.</ref> Ya' zaŋi mak nɛ amus sieba buudi ni, yin amus la tuon nyina la ziasima la pʋ zu'oe, ka zɛmisi nɛ yiebaŋ la, ka an linɛ tun'oe gban'ad dayu baanlig banɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbiri an bʋnbibis.<ref name=":9" />
 
Amus nyindaad la nɛ yiiga nyinyɔk la la'asi naam agɔl nɛ teŋir camassial nyina ka ba bɛ nɔɔr la pʋʋg kpikpɛmis la, ka an nyibanɛ ka o mɔri ɔnbid ni'im ka li dit nwɛnnɛ ma'adiŋ nɛ. Bamaa an nimmua kat wa'ae nɛ diibin yɛla, dinzugɔ ka dɔɔbiis nyinyu'a kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb diib sʋ'ʋŋa la, ka dɔɔbiis kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb ni'im bɛɛ diib ka li bʋlisɛ.<ref name=":8" /> Dɔɔbiis mɔr nyina ka li an sʋ'ʋŋa gat ninsaalib, ka nyin pʋ pɔn'ɔd bɛɛ san'am tɔ'ɔtɔ bɔzugɔ ba sianki taaba ka li gban'e kiŋ-kiŋ. Ka nintɔɔnr pʋ zu'oe, ka dibʋʋlʋm bɛɛ ni'im pʋ kpɛlim sian'a nyina nii, ka mɛ dit sigir diib zu'oda.<ref>Carr, William H. A. (1 January 1978). ''[[iarchive:newbasicbookofca00carr/page/174|The New Basic Book of the Cat]]''. [[:en:Scribner's|Scribner's]]. p. 174. [[ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780684155494|9780684155494]]</bdi>.</ref>
 
=== Nɔb-ɛɛns ===
Dɔɔbiis mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ kpi'em ka na nyaŋi nyud pʋʋgin.<ref>Kitchener, A. C.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Yamaguchi, N. (2010). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114 "Felid form and function"]. In Macdonald, D.; Loveridge, A. (eds.). ''Biology and Conservation of wild felids''. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–106. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210216135340/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114_Felid_form_and_function Archived] from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2019.</ref> Amus la ya'a ti digbaanlim, nɔb-ɛɛns la lɛb nɛ sian'al bɛɛ nyud kpɛn' nɔba la pʋʋgin. Nɛ'ɛŋa gur nɔb-ɛɛns la ka li tuud teŋ bɛɛ si'el pʋ paadi li san'amma, kɛt ka nɔb-ɛɛns la an sappi ka dit sʋ'ʋŋa, ka o nyaŋid pigisid gban'ad bʋnvʋlnam ɔnbid. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ nɔba la tuon la dit gat banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la. Dɔɔbiis tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns wa'am bɛ ba nɔba la ni.<ref>Armes, A.F. (1900). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ "Outline of cat lessons"]. ''The School Journal''. '''LXI''': 659. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210806133121/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ Archived] from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2020.</ref> Ba tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns la wa'am ka li anɛ ba ya'a tɔn'ɔsid bɛɛ ba ya'a guri ba mɛŋ nɛ na ya'a dʋt tiis nɛ ba ya'a igin baanlim bɛɛ ba ya'a zuon linɛ an num-num zug. Amus ya'a ɛnisidi o mɛŋ o nyurid o nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ yiiŋ la nɛ.<ref>Homberger, D. G.; Ham, K.; Ogunbakin, T.; Bonin, J. A.; Hopkins, B. A.; Osborn, M. L.; et al. (2009). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126 The structure of the cornified claw sheath in the domesticated cat (''Felis catus''): Implications for the claw-shedding mechanism and the evolution of cornified digital end organs"]. ''J Anat''. '''214''' (4): 620–43. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01068.x|10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01068.x]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126 2736126]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19422432 19422432].</ref>
 
Dɔɔbiis bɛdegʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns anu bɛɛ ba tuon nɔba la ni nɛ nɔb-ɛɛns anaasi bɛ nya'aŋ nɔba la ni. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ ba kɔn' nɛ banɛ bɛ la. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ nu'ubibis ayuobʋ banɛ aan ba kɔn' nyari. Bama nwa' n bɛ tuon nɔba ni ka nyurid pʋʋgin la o ya'a ken ba pʋ mɔr tʋʋmbɛ, amaa ba anɛ linɛ ka o mɔri ian'ad ka dʋt tiis. Amus buudi sieba bɛ ka mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns ka li gaad ala.<ref>Danforth, C. H. (1947). "Heredity of polydactyly in the cat". ''The Journal of Heredity''. '''38''' (4): 107–112. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105701|10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105701]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20242531 20242531].</ref> Amus buudi banɛ aan ala la kpi'e nɛ Ya-nya'aŋ America linɛ li'el America ya-dagɔbʋg baba ka bɛ Britain la.<ref>Lettice, L. A.; Hill, A. E.; Devenney, P. S.; Hill, R. E. (2008). [[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|"Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog cis-regulator generate a variable regulatory output responsible for preaxial polydactyly"]]. ''Human Molecular Genetics''. '''17''' (7): 978–985. [[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm370|10.1093/hmg/ddm370]]. hdl:[[hdl:20.500.11820/76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5|20.500.11820/76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156157 18156157].</ref>
 
=== o ken yɛla ===
Amus la anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ken o nɔba zug bɛ teŋin. O kennɛ o nɔba zug, ka kɔnba banɛ bɛɛ o nɔba ni la la'asi lieb o nɔba la.<ref>Pocock, R. I. (1917). [[iarchive:ser8annalsmagazi19londuoft|"VII — On the external characters of the Felidæ"]]. ''The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology''. 8. '''19''' (109): 113–136. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00222931709486916|10.1080/00222931709486916.]]</ref> Amus kennɛ ka o kpikpɛmis nɔba ayi'-yi la zian'asid dɔl taaba. Amus suon bɛɛ labin o nya'aŋ nɔba nɛ tuon nɔba la bɛ bɛndir suorin la, ka din ka o nyaŋid gban'ad si'el vikki, ka tʋbkpiidʋg nɛ bɛndir suoya sie. Nɛ'ɛŋa sʋŋid nya'aŋ nɔba la ka ba ken tenpar la zug ka si'el pʋ daamida. O ya'a ti bas ken la ka zɔti yu'osid la, noba la pʋ lɛn dɔl azimzim ya'asɛ: nya'aŋ dagɔbʋg nɛ nya'aŋ datiʋŋ nɔba la zian'asid dɔl taaba ka tuon dagɔbʋg nɛ tuon datiʋŋ nɔba la mɛ zian'asid dɔl taaba.<ref>Christensen, W. (2004). [[iarchive:outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22|"The physical cat".]] ''[[iarchive:outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22|Outwitting Cats]]''. [[:en:Globe_Pequot|Globe Pequot.]] pp. 22–45. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781592282401|9781592282401]]</bdi>.</ref>
 
=== On tnntun'oe o mɛŋ si'em ===
Amus nam wʋsa nɔŋi ba zin'i lɔasieba banɛ bɛ agɔla ya'ae. Zin'i kanɛ dʋ ka bɛ agɔla anɛ linɛ na kɛ ka o nyaŋi tɔn'ɔs; yin amus ya'ae nɛ agɔla wʋʋ tiig wilin ka gban'adi o ni'im. Li mɛ lin pa'al ye zin'i banɛ bɛɛ agɔla kɛt ka amus nyɛt sʋ'ʋŋa, ka kɛt ka o tun'oe kim on bɛ zin' si'a la sʋŋa. Amus ya' naami agɔl 3 m (9.8 ft) lit na, o na nyaŋi li teŋin zi'e o nɔba zug.<ref>Kent, Marc; Platt, Simon R. (September 2010). "The neurology of balance: Function and dysfunction of the vestibular system in dogs and cats". ''The Veterinary Journal''. '''185''' (3): 247–249. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.029|10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.029]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19944632 19944632].</ref>
 
O ya' naam zin'i kanɛ bɛɛ agɔla lit teŋin, amus na zaŋi o ya'am galisʋg kanɛ k'o mɔri fɛntidi o mɛŋ la, nigi ti li zi'enɛ o nɔba zug. Fɛntidi o mɛŋ nwa buon nɛ [[Catherine Ablema Afeku|cat]] [[righting reflex]].<ref>Gerathewohl, S. J.; Stallings, H. D. (1957). [https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf "The labyrinthine posture reflex (righting reflex) in the cat during weightlessness"] (PDF). ''The Journal of Aviation Medicine''. '''28''' (4): 345–355. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13462942 13462942]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201003155151/https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref> Amus fɛntidi maanɛ o mɛŋ sʋ'ʋŋa o liib saŋa ni, o ya'a mɔri saŋa bɛdigʋ na maala ala, li ya'a anɛ 90 cm (3.0 ft) nɛ nya'aŋ lallim liib bɛn.<ref>Nguyen, H. D. (1998). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20010410235503/http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/ How does a cat always land on its feet?"] School of Medical Engineering. Dynamics II (ME 3760) course materials [[:en:Georgia_Institute_of_Technology|Georgia Institute of Technology.]] Archived from [http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/ the original] on 10 April 2001. Retrieved 15 May 2007.</ref> Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka amus nami niŋig si'em tun'oe fɛntidi ba niŋgbina ba liib saŋa ni la, ka li anɛ "[[falling cat problem]]".<ref>Batterman, R. (2003). [http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf "Falling cats, parallel parking, and polarized light"] (PDF). ''Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics''. '''34''' (4): 527–557. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SHPMP..34..527B 2003SHPMP..34..527B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00062-5|10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00062-5]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140329/http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2022.</ref>
 
=== O kɔnbʋlʋg la si'im ===
Amus buudi (Felidae) la tun'oe sikki ba nya'aŋ dim nɛ si'im, nɛ li gʋlʋb buudi bɛdigʋ. Yin amus genes ''MC1R'' nɛ ''ASIP'' la tisid si'im kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb la. Feline ASIP gene la mɔrɛ coding exons nam atan'.<ref>Eizirik, Eduardo; Yuhki, Naoya; Johnson, Warren E.; Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn; Hannah, Steven S.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (4 March 2003). [[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3|"Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Melanism in the Cat Family".]] ''Current Biology''. '''13''' (5): 448–453. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CBio...13..448E :2003CBio...13..448E.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3|10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822 0960-9822]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620197 12620197]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19021807 19021807].</ref> Novel [[microsatellite]] markers kanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ ASIP da bɛŋ nɛ luki yis yin amus ni, BAC clone kanɛ mɔr gene nwa la ye li tʋm [[linkage analysis]] tʋʋma nɛ yin amus nam 89 kanɛ ka ba wɛlig yis ye ba gɛdi ba. Yin amus buudi la nɛ ''ASIP'' allele la da tun'oe sikki gɛd nɛ si'im sabilig.<ref>https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00128-3.pdf</ref>
 
== O ya'am mɔrim ==
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