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Bahasa Parsiya

Dandani kahikan
Jak Wikipidiya
Bahasa Parsiya
فارسی
Fārsī
Dipakay bak Jolma Persia
Jumlah Panutur 130 juta
Wilayah Iran
Kaluwarga Basa Indo-Eropa
 • Indo-Iran
   • Bahasa Persia
Huruf Abjad Arab-Persia
Status
Resmi di Iran
Afghanistan
Tajikistan
Dagestan
Diatur bak
  • Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Iran)
  • Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
  • Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature (Tajikistan)
Status Basa Lokok tipakay
Kode Basa
ISO 639-1 fa


Basa Parsiya atawa فارسىⓘ joda da Basa say dituturko di Iran, Afghanistan, rik Tajikistan say masing-masing na tibagi dilom tolu varietas standar Persia say secara luas dipakay di Iran, Dari say dipakay di Afghanistan, rik Tajik di Tajikistan.[1][2][3]

Persia Dari (resmi tikonal sabagay Dari samenjak tahun 1964),[4] rik Persia Tajik (resmi tikonal sabagay Tajik samenjak tahun 1999).[5][6] Basa hasa munih tipakay sacara basa indok dilom variasi Bahasa Tajik bak sajumlah balak panduduk Uzbekistan,[7][8][9][10]

Huruf

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

Basa Parsiya Iran rik Persia Dari di Afghanistan makay Abjad Arab-Persia, sodongko Bahasa Tajik titulis makay Alfabet Sirilik. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik Huruf Arab say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan.

# Golar
Persia 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Transliterasi IPA Unicode Bontuk kontekstual
Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Posay
0 همزه hamze

[11]

ʾ Glottal stop ʔ U+0621 – – – ء
U+0623 ـأ أ
U+0626 ـئ ـئـ ئـ ئ
U+0624 ـؤ ؤ
1 الف ʾalef â ɒ U+0627 ـا ا
2 ب be b b U+0628 ـب ـبـ بـ ب
3 پ pe p p U+067E ـپ ـپـ پـ پ
4 ت te t t U+062A ـت ـتـ تـ ت
5 ث s̱e s̱ s U+062B ـث ـثـ ثـ ث
6 جیم jim j d͡ʒ U+062C ـج ـجـ جـ ج
7 چ če č t͡ʃ U+0686 ـچ ـچـ چـ چ
8 ح ḥe

ḥâ-ye ḥotti ḥâ-ye jimi

ḥ h U+062D ـح ـحـ حـ ح
9 خ xe x x U+062E ـخ ـخـ خـ خ
10 دال dâl d d U+062F ـد د
11 ذال ẕâl ẕ z U+0630 ـذ ذ
12 ر re r r U+0631 ـر ر
13 ز ze z z U+0632 ـز ز
14 ژ že ž ʒ U+0698 ـژ ژ
15 سین sin s s U+0633 ـس ـسـ سـ س
16 شین šin š ʃ U+0634 ـش ـشـ شـ ش
17 صاد ṣâd ṣ s U+0635 ـص ـصـ صـ ص
18 ضاد zâd ż z U+0636 ـض ـضـ ضـ ض
19 طا tâ t t U+0637 ـط ـطـ طـ ط
20 ظا ẓâ ẓ z U+0638 ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ
21 عین ʿayn ʿ ʔ

, æ /a

U+0639 ـع ـعـ عـ ع
22 غین ġayn ġ ɢ

, ɣ

U+063A ـغ ـغـ غـ غ
23 ف fe f f U+0641 ـف ـفـ فـ ف
24 قاف qâf q q U+0642 ـق ـقـ قـ ق
25 کاف kâf k k U+06A9 ـک ـکـ کـ ک
26 گاف gâf g ɡ U+06AF ـگ ـگـ گـ گ
27 لام lâm l l U+0644 ـل ـلـ لـ ل
28 میم mim m m U+0645 ـم ـمـ مـ م
29 نون nun n n U+0646 ـن ـنـ نـ ن
30 واو vâv

(Farsi)

v

ū ow o

uː


[ow ] [v ][o ]
(bih di uncuk kata)

U+0648 ـو و
wâw

(Dari)

w

ū aw ō

uː


[w ][aw ] [oː ]

31 ه he

hā-ye havvaz hā-ye do-češm

h h

atawa e rik a (uncuk kata)

U+0647 ـه ـهـ هـ ه
32 ی ye y

ī á ay ē munih dilom Dari

j

i ɒː [aj ] eː dilom Dari

U+06CC ـی ـیـ یـ ی
Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Golar
β ڤ ـڤ ـڤـ ڤـ βe

Variasi

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
ی ه و ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا ء‎
1024px|center • Noto Nastaliq Urdu
• Scheherazade
• Lateef
• Noto Naskh Arabic
• Markazi Text
• Noto Sans Arabic
• Baloo Bhaijaan
• El Messiri SemiBold
• Lemonada Medium
• Changa Medium
• Mada
• Noto Kufi Arabic
• Reem Kufi
• Lalezar
• Jomhuria
• Rakkas
The alphabet in 16 fonts: Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas.

Konstruksi huruf

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bontuk (i) Posay ء ا ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ک ل م د ر و ه
Pangkal ء ا ٮـ حـ سـ صـ طـ عـ ڡـ کـ لـ مـ د ر و هـ
Tongah ء ـا ـٮـ ـحـ ـسـ ـصـ ـطـ ـعـ ـڡـ ـکـ ـلـ ـمـ ـد ـر ـو ـهـ
Uncuk ء ـا ـى ـں ـٮ ـح ـس ـص ـط ـع ـڡ ـٯ ـک ـل ـم ـد ـر ـو ـه
i'jam (i)
Unicode 0621 .. 0627 .. 0649 .. 06BA .. 066E .. 062D .. 0633 .. 0635 .. 0637 .. 0639 .. 06A1 .. 066F .. 066F .. 0644 .. 0645 .. 062F .. 0631 .. 0648. .. 0647 ..
1 titik di bah ﮳ ب ج
Unicode FBB3. 0628 .. 062C ..
1 titik dinggak ﮲ ن خ ض ظ غ ف ذ ز
Unicode FBB2. 0646 .. 062E .. 0636 .. 0638 .. 063A .. 0641 .. 0630 .. 0632 ..
2 titik di bah (ii) ﮵ ی
Unicode FBB5. 06CC ..
2 titik dinggak ﮴ ت ق ة
Unicode FBB4. 062A .. 0642 .. 0629 ..
3 titik di bah ﮹ پ چ
Unicode FBB9. FBB7. 067E .. 0686 ..
3 titik dinggak ﮶ ث ش ژ
Unicode FBB6. 062B .. 0634 .. 0698 ..
Garis dinggak ‾ گ
Unicode 203E. 06AF ..
Makka ء ا ی ں ح س ص ط ع ک ل م د ر و ه
Unicode 0621 .. 0627 .. 0649 .. 06BA .. 062D .. 0633 .. 0635 .. 0637 .. 0639 .. 066F .. 0644 .. 0645 .. 062F .. 0631 .. 0648. .. 0647 ..
Madda dinggak ۤ آ
Unicode 06E4. 0653. 0622 ..
Hamzah di bah ــٕـ إ
Unicode 0655. 0625 ..
Hamza dinggak ــٔـ أ ئ ؤ ۀ
Unicode 0674. 0654. 0623 .. 0626 .. 0624 .. 06C0 ..
Vokal Buntak
(tulisan vokal ponuh) 		Golar
Persia 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Trans.(a) Nilay (b)

(Farsi/Dari)

064E
◌َ‎

زبر
(فتحه) 		zebar

zibar

a æ a
0650
◌ِ‎

زیر
(کسره) 		zer

zir

e
i
 e ɪ
ɛ
064F
◌ُ‎

پیش
(ضمّه) 		peš

piš

o
u
 o ʊ

Tanwin

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Nunasi
(tulisan vokal ponuh) 		Golar
(Persia) 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Catatan
064B
َاً، ـاً، ءً ‎

تنوین نَصْبْ Tanvine nasb
064D
ٍِ ‎

تنوین جَرّ Tanvine jarr Mak kala tipakay dilom Bahasa Parsiya.

Tiajarko khusus dilom agama Islam untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis Al-Qur'an education.

064C
ٌ ‎

تنوین رَفْعْ Tanvine rafʿ

Tasydid=

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Simbul Golar
(Persia) 		Golar
(Transliterasi)
0651
ّ ‎

تشدید tašdid

Huruf Tambahan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bunyi Pocak Golar Kode Poin Unicode
p پ pe U+067E
t͡ʃ

(ch)

چ če U+0686
ʒ

(zh)

ژ že U+0698
ɡ گ gâf U+06AF
Golar Pangucapan IPA Unicode Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Posay Catatan
alef madde â ɒ U+0622 ـآ — آ آ The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary alef.
he ye -eye

atawa -eyeh

[eje] U+06C0 ـۀ — — ۀ Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter ـه‌ی 
or ه‌ی
combinations instead.
lām alef lā [lɒ]

U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) ـلا — — لا
kašida U+0640 — ـ — — This is the medial character which connects other characters

Angka

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Golar Persia Unicode Arab Unicode
0 ۰ U+06F0 ٠ U+0660
1 ۱ U+06F1 ١ U+0661
2 ۲ U+06F2 ٢ U+0662
3 ۳ U+06F3 ٣ U+0663
4 ۴ U+06F4 ٤ U+0664
5 ۵ U+06F5 ٥ U+0665
6 ۶ U+06F6 ٦ U+0666
7 ۷ U+06F7 ٧ U+0667
8 ۸ U+06F8 ٨ U+0668
9 ۹ U+06F9 ٩ U+0669
ye ی U+06CC ي [12] U+064A
kāf ک U+06A9 ك U+0643
Angka Arab Lawok 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Angka Arab Darak ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠
Persia[13] ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ ۱۰
Urdu[14] ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ ۱۰
Angka Abjad – ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي

Huruf Tambahan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah-tongah Pangkal Golar
/p/ پ‎ ـپ‎ ـپـ‎ پـ‎ pe
/tʃ/ چ‎ ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎ če (che)
/ʒ/ ژ‎ ـژ‎ ـژ‎ ژ‎ že (zhe atawa jhe)
/ɡ/ گ‎ ـگ‎ ـگـ‎ گـ‎ ge (gāf)

[15]

Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah-tongah Pangkal Golar
/β/ ڤ‎ ـڤ‎ ـڤـ‎ ڤـ‎ βe

Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Huruf Gaya Arab Huruf Gaya Parsiya Golar
ك‎ ک‎ ke (kāf)
ي‎ ی‎ ye

Cuntuh Tulisan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

UDHR pasal 1;

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

همه‌ی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و حیثیت و حقوق‌شان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.‎

Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.

Kaunyin jolma tilahir ko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barih na dilom semangat bukolpah.

Liyak Munih

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

Rujukan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
  1. ↑ Persian Iranian Ethnologue lokok aktif
  2. ↑ 639 Identifier Documentation: fas Sil.org lokok aktif
  3. ↑ The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran Islamic Parliament of Iran
  4. ↑ Asta Olesen Islam and Politics in Afghanistan volume 3, Psychology Press, (1995) hal 205

    There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Farsi – previously dominant in the educational and administrative system (...) — and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Farsi came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958.
  5. ↑ Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in Media Insight Central Asia #27, August 2002.
  6. ↑ Mona Baker Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (2001) Psychology Press, isbn 978-0-415-25517-2, hal 518.

    All this affected translation activities in Persian, seriously undermining the international character of the language. The problem was compounded in modern times by several factors, among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union, with Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as the emergence of a language reform movement in Iran which paid no attention to the consequences of its pronouncements and actions for the language as a whole.

    lokok aktif
  7. ↑ Richard Foltz The Tajiks of Uzbekistan Central Asian Survey, volume 15, isu 2, hal 213–216 (1996) doi 10.1080/02634939608400946
  8. ↑ Lena Jonson (2006) Tajikistan in the new Central Asia hal 108
  9. ↑ Karl Cordell Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe Routledge (1998) isbn 0415173124, hal 201

    Consequently the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajiks within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academics and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30 per cent of the republic's twenty-two million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7 per cent (Foltz 1996:213; Carlisle 1995:88).
  10. ↑ Gernot Windfuhr The World's Major Languages Oxford University Press (1987) isbn 978-0-19-506511-4, Berard Comrie, Oxford 523–546
  11. ↑ "??" (PDF). Persianacademy.ir. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  12. ↑ However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the Nile Valley, similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
  13. ↑ U+06F0 through U+06F9. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.
  14. ↑ Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.
  15. ↑ "PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian". Iranica Online. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
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