servus

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Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus [, Domine spectabilis]", in Latin meaning "(I am your) most humble servant[, (O/my) noble lord]".

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈse̞ɐ̯vus/, /ˈse̞ɐ̯βus/
  • Hyphenation: ser‧vus

Interjection

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servus

  1. (informal) hello, hi
  2. (informal) bye, goodbye

Derived terms

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Czech

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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servus

  1. (colloquial) hi, hiya
    Synonym: ahoj
  2. (colloquial) cheerio, bye, so long, ta-ta
    Synonym: ahoj

Further reading

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  • “servus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “servus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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servus

  1. conditional of servi

German

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus [, Domine spectabilis]", in Latin meaning "(I am your) most humble servant[, (O/my) noble lord]".

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɛrvus/ ~ IPA(key): /ˈzɛɐ̯vus/
  • Audio:(file)

Interjection

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servus

  1. (chiefly Southern Germany, Austria, informal) hello, hi
  2. (chiefly Southern Germany, Austria, informal) goodbye, bye, farewell
  3. (as a toast) cheers

Usage notes

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  • No subservience is implied in modern use, and the origin of the term is not commonly known. Educated usage may be sincere, jocular or ironic.
  • This salutation is used in Southern Germany and throughout the former Austria-Hungary (see cognates on this page), in varying frequency throughout those areas.
  • Despite the formal origins of the term, its usage is now chiefly, but not exclusively informal; the degree of decorum is dependent on context of region, dialect, class, or even village.

Synonyms

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Further reading

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  • “servus” in Duden online
  • “servus” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hungarian

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Etymology

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See szervusz.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈsɛrvus]
  • Hyphenation: ser‧vus
  • Rhymes: -us

Interjection

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servus

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of szervusz: hello; goodbye

Further reading

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  • szervusz in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Old Latin servos, from Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”).[1] By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *ser- +‎ -vus.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    servus m (genitive servī, feminine serva); second declension

    1. a slave
    2. a serf
    3. a servant

    Usage notes

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    • Until the Augustan period, servos was more common.

    Declension

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    Second-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative servus servī
    genitive servī servōrum
    dative servō servīs
    accusative servum servōs
    ablative servō servīs
    vocative serve servī

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Asturian: siervu
    • Catalan: serf
    • Friulian: sierf
    • Italian: servo
    • Occitan: sèrve
    • Old French: serf
    • Portuguese: servo
    • Romanian: șerb, → serv
    • Sicilian: serbu
    • Spanish: siervo

    See also

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    References

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    • “servus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • servus² in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
    • “seruus¹” on page 1,748/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
    • Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “servus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 967/2

    Adjective

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    servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective

    1. slavish, servile (to the senses or to authority)
    2. (of lands, buildings) subject or liable to servitude

    Declension

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    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative servus serva servum servī servae serva
    genitive servī servae servī servōrum servārum servōrum
    dative servō servae servō servīs
    accusative servum servam servum servōs servās serva
    ablative servō servā servō servīs
    vocative serve serva servum servī servae serva

    References

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    • “servus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • servus¹ in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
    • “seruus²” on page 1,748 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

    References

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    • “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • servus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
      • a good, useful slave: frugi (opp. nequam) servus
      • a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
      • (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
    • “servus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “servus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

    Anagrams

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    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from German servus. Greeting found throughout the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    servus (informal, Transylvania, Maramureș, Bukovina)

    1. hi, hello
    2. see you (later)

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From German servus, ultimately from Latin servus.

    Interjection

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    sèrvus (Cyrillic spelling сѐрвус)

    1. (Croatia, dated) hello
    2. (Croatia, dated) good bye

    Synonyms

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    Slovak

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    Etymology

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    The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.

    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    servus

    1. hello
    2. hi
    3. howdy

    Further reading

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