excludo

Latin

Etymology

From ex- (“out of, from”) +‎ claudō (“shut, end; imprison; restrict”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈskluː.doː/, [ɛkˈs̠kɫ̪uːd̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈsklu.do/, [ekˈskluːd̪o]

Verb

exclūdō (present infinitive exclūdere, perfect active exclūsī, supine exclūsum); third conjugation

1. to shut out; cut off, remove, separate from something

   Synonyms: segregō, intersaepiō, separō, dirimō, spernō, discrībō, distinguō, sēcernō, distrahō, auferō, abducō, dīvertō, eripiō, diripiō, tollō

   Antonyms: contrahō, consociō, coniungō, iungō, colligō, illigō, ligō, conciliō, convehō, conferō

2. to except, exclude

   Synonyms: eximō, excipiō

3. to hinder, prevent

   Synonyms: retineō, dētineō, prohibeō, arceō, cohibeō, impediō, resistō, sistō, vetō

4. (by extension) to drive out, press, thrust or take out
5. (by extension) to make prominent
6. (figuratively) to close, complete
7. (figuratively) to hatch

Conjugation

Conjugation of exclūdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exclūdō	exclūdis	exclūdit	exclūdimus	exclūditis	exclūdunt
	imperfect	exclūdēbam	exclūdēbās	exclūdēbat	exclūdēbāmus	exclūdēbātis	exclūdēbant
	future	exclūdam	exclūdēs	exclūdet	exclūdēmus	exclūdētis	exclūdent
	perfect	exclūsī	exclūsistī	exclūsit	exclūsimus	exclūsistis	exclūsērunt, exclūsēre
	pluperfect	exclūseram	exclūserās	exclūserat	exclūserāmus	exclūserātis	exclūserant
	future perfect	exclūserō	exclūseris	exclūserit	exclūserimus	exclūseritis	exclūserint
passive	present	exclūdor	exclūderis, exclūdere	exclūditur	exclūdimur	exclūdiminī	exclūduntur
	imperfect	exclūdēbar	exclūdēbāris, exclūdēbāre	exclūdēbātur	exclūdēbāmur	exclūdēbāminī	exclūdēbantur
	future	exclūdar	exclūdēris, exclūdēre	exclūdētur	exclūdēmur	exclūdēminī	exclūdentur
	perfect	exclūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	exclūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	exclūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	exclūdam	exclūdās	exclūdat	exclūdāmus	exclūdātis	exclūdant
	imperfect	exclūderem	exclūderēs	exclūderet	exclūderēmus	exclūderētis	exclūderent
	perfect	exclūserim	exclūserīs	exclūserit	exclūserīmus	exclūserītis	exclūserint
	pluperfect	exclūsissem	exclūsissēs	exclūsisset	exclūsissēmus	exclūsissētis	exclūsissent
passive	present	exclūdar	exclūdāris, exclūdāre	exclūdātur	exclūdāmur	exclūdāminī	exclūdantur
	imperfect	exclūderer	exclūderēris, exclūderēre	exclūderētur	exclūderēmur	exclūderēminī	exclūderentur
	perfect	exclūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	exclūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	exclūde	—	—	exclūdite	—
	future	—	exclūditō	exclūditō	—	exclūditōte	exclūduntō
passive	present	—	exclūdere	—	—	exclūdiminī	—
	future	—	exclūditor	exclūditor	—	—	exclūduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		exclūdere	exclūsisse	exclūsūrum esse	exclūdī	exclūsum esse	exclūsum īrī
participles		exclūdēns	—	exclūsūrus	—	exclūsus	exclūdendus, exclūdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		exclūdendī	exclūdendō	exclūdendum	exclūdendō	exclūsum	exclūsū

Derived terms

• exclūsiō
• exclūsor
• exclūsus

Related terms

• circumclūdō
• claudō
• conclūdō
• disclūdō
• inclūdō
• interclūdō
• occlūdō
• praeclūdō
• rēclūdō
• sēclūdō

 

Descendants

• French: éclore (via a remodelled *exclaudere)
• Italian: schiudere
• Piedmontese: s-ciòde (via a remodelled *exclaudere)

Borrowings:

• → Catalan: excloure
• → English: exclude
• → Esperanto: ekskludi
• → French: exclure
• → Galician: excluír
• → Italian: escludere
• → Piedmontese: esclude
• → Portuguese: excluir
• → Spanish: excluir

References

• “excludo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “excludo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• excludo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to strike off the burgess-roll: censu prohibere, excludere