© FEU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Mathematics and Physical Sciences Department Physics for Engineers Laboratory EXPERIMENT NO. _& Voltage Variations _in Capocrtors (TITLE OF EXPERIMENT) ALBAN David Joshua 0 CABIGTING. ( Chelsie _Y. Og uw IGLESIA. Miohae] B 7S MADRID, Sophia a MONTIEL, Ree ope Kiso F At FLATA Rogsh Ekine P. LEE: QUIBAN. trenz Gh V. ty PAK NAS. Aner Galvin i &. COEOOISLIM154 February 12.2027 XGROUPRO) (DATE OF SUBMISSION)PHYSIC zens oe ACTIVITY 6 VOLTAGE VARIATION IN CAPACITORS IL _ ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the activity, you should be able to a. To introduce concepts of charging and discharging of capacitors b. To determine the charging and discharging voltage of a capacitor and its (RC) time constant c. To plot the voltage against time during charging and discharging I. MATERIALS Lunit Power supply unit: 0-15 VDC, 3 A, Tunit Voltmeter: 1.5 - 15 VDC Lunit Layout: Plug-in board, DIN A4 | I pair Plug-in clamps . 2piece Capacitors (470pF, 100 uF) . Ipiece — Resistor (100k) lpair Probe: Red and black lead, 50 em Ipiece StopwatchIl. PROCEDURE Power Suppl Figure 6.1 Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6.1 using 470uF capacitor and 100kQ2 resistor. Connect the voltmeter in parallel with the capacitor. Set the voltage of the DC power supply to 12 V Set timer to zero. Fill in column Time in Table 9. Tum on the power supply simultaneously with the timer. Observe the pointer as the voltage reading from the voltmeter increases. Record the voltage reading in Table 9. The capacitor is charging. 8. Press the stop button of the timer when after the sixth time constant, 6t. This is the time when the capacitor is fully charged (The pointer may stop moving even before it reaches 6) 9. Remove the supply from the circuit and connect a lead to the open-end terminal of the capacitor. 10. Reset the timer. Connect the other end of the lead to the open-end terminal of the resistor while turning on the timer at the same time. 11. Observe the pointer as the voltage reading from the voltmeter decreases. The capacitor is discharging. Record the voltage reading in Table 9. 12, Take note of the time when the pointer reaches OV or when it stops moving. 13, Repeat the above procedures using 100kQ. and 100uF 14. Graph charging voltage and discharging voltage. 15. Compute for the RC time constant t NAV aRYNE =RC where tis the time constant in second Ris the resistance in ohms Cis capacitance in Farad 16. From the graph, approximate the values of charging voltage after one time constant, x, in trial 1 and trial 2. What percent of the supplied voltage is it? Approximate the voltage after five time constants, 5t, IV. DATA AND RESULTS Table 9 Voltage Measurements Resistance | 700 KA. Resistance | 700 k Capacitance | 470, UF, Capacitance | 7000F ‘Time Constant, t(s)| 47 ‘Time Constant, 1(s)|_10 ; Voltage, V : Voltage, V Time) | Charging Deckargh Time) 7 Charging’ Dacha 0.25% | #25 5 7 6 02st | 7 3 0.507 | 23-6 52 6 osor |S _ 5 5 0.75% | 3635 | G8 49 [ose | 75 oS 5 (06 _Voliage Variations in Capacions Page?1.007 | 47 38 3g 1.007 | 10 78 4. 1.50% | 705 4 2 1507 | 15 4 a3 2.007 | 4 0 44 2.007 | 30 4a 15 2.50 | 1-5 105 04 2507 [35 103 4 3.007 | 141 10-0 0 3.007 | 40 40-8 06 3.507 | Jud5 th o4 3507 | 4 a 04 4.00 T (68 cu 0-3 4.00 T 40. a 0-43 450 | alls ut oy 4507 | 45 12 0-3 5.007 | 25 1 OL 5.007 | 40 m2 02 5.50 | 259-5 tt 02 5507 | 55 ft 0-2 6.007 | 252 4 0-4 6.007 | 60 ny 0 Charging Capacitor 1MF Voltage versus Time ® ea ' ' v 1 ' ' ree 80 Discharging Capacitor Voltage versus Time ‘Activity 06 Voliage Variations in Capacitors Page 3W 4% 30 1 50 Go Discharging Capacitor Voltage versus Time Page 4to { FH } “ T at T T 1 a 1 | At é E Loo Ef 5 y I T t 3 a L i T a EEL << V. GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION, 1. Compare the time it takes to fully charge the capacitor in trial 1 and trial 2. 2. The voltage across the capacitor, Ve , at any instant time during the charging period in given as: Ve=Vs(l-e®®) Ve * Yap where Vs is the voltage supply R is the resistance in Ohm Cis the capacitance in Farad t is the time elapsed since the application of supply a. What is the voltage across the capacitor in trial 1 after 10 seconds? b. From the graph, approximate V< after 10 seconds in trial 1 and compare it to the computed value. 3. Given the circuit below t=0 R= 100KQ ‘The discharging voltage across the capacitor, Ve , at any instant time during the discharging period is given as: Ve = Vi ete where Vi is voltage ‘Activity 06 — Volage Variations in Capacitors PagesRis the resistance in Ohm Cis the capacitance in Farad tis the time elapsed since the application of supply a. Compute for the time constant b. When will the capacitor be fully discharged? c. What is the voltage across the capacitor after 5 seconds? VL CREDITS Created by: MPS Laboratory Committee Version: 2.0 Modifi August 2019 VI, REFERENCES Hecht, Eugene (2018). College Physics, McGraw Hill Education Serway, Raymond A. (2018). Physics for Scientists and Engineers. Cengage Learning Serway, Raymond A. (2019). Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. Cengage Learning Szauer, Gabor (2017). Game Physics Cookbook. Packt Publishing Wilson, Jerry D. (2019). Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual for College Physics. Addison- Wesley Wolf, Marilyn (2017). The Physics of Computing. Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. “Activity 06 -Voliage Variations in Capacitors Page 6Sample Camputations t=RC