Ignoring prostate cancer screenings can up risk of disease by 45 per cent, says study: Who is at risk, when to go for screening?

According to Dr Ankit Jain, senior consultant, Medical Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Delhi, age is the most significant risk factor with men over 50 more likely to develop the disease, the risk increasing further after 65. Excerpts:

Why regular screening for prostate cancer can save lives?

Regular screening is crucial because early detection significantly improves recovery. Prostate cancer often develops silently, with symptoms appearing only in advanced stages. Tests like the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal exams (DRE) help identify cancer before it spreads, allowing for timely intervention. If detected early, prostate cancer has a high survival rate, and treatments like surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy can be more effective. Without screening, many cases go undiagnosed until they reach an advanced, less treatable stage.

Additionally, men with a family history or high-risk factors, such as age or lifestyle habits, should be especially vigilant.

What are early signs of prostate cancer?

In its early stages, prostate cancer may not show noticeable symptoms, which is why screening is important. However, as the disease progresses, signs may include frequent urination (especially at night), difficulty starting or stopping urine flow, weak or interrupted urine stream, pain or burning during urination and blood in the urine or semen. Some men also experience pelvic discomfort, erectile dysfunction, or unexplained weight loss.

While these symptoms can also result from non-cancerous conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or infections, persistent or worsening issues should not be ignored. Men over 50, or those with a family history of prostate cancer, should be particularly cautious. If symptoms appear, consult a doctor.

Who is at risk of developing prostate cancer?

Age and then genetics. Lifestyle and dietary habits, such as a high-fat diet, obesity and lack of physical activity, may also elevate risks considerably.

How significantly is the patient load increasing in India?

According to recent estimates, prostate cancer incidence in India has nearly doubled over the past two decades. Urban areas report higher cases, possibly due to greater awareness and screening access, but rural areas remain underdiagnosed.