ABSTRACT RRCAT has initiated the development of 1.3 GHz (TESLA shape) Superconducting (SC) single... more ABSTRACT RRCAT has initiated the development of 1.3 GHz (TESLA shape) Superconducting (SC) single cell cavity In this paper we present the development effort in electron beam (EB) welding and process validation efforts done during prototype development. Niobium being expensive material, initial efforts have been made to go through the complete manufacturing cycle using dummy (aluminum) material. We will present manufacturing of rolled beam pipe with the help of dedicated precision tube rolling machine, development of welding fixtures and EB welding of prototype single cell aluminium cavity using industry support. Development of various welding parameters and weld shrinkage estimation is also described. In order to prepare qualification procedure, frequency of half-cell was measured before and after EB welding to know the frequency shift associated with weld shrinkage. We will also report the frequency simulation done using ANSYS for different stages of single cell cavity manufacturing. Further our plans to manufacture and test single cell cavity in Niobium (Nb) in association with Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) New Delhi are also presented.
For treating colonic diseases, conventional oral drug delivery systems are not effective, as they... more For treating colonic diseases, conventional oral drug delivery systems are not effective, as they fail to reach the appropriate site of action. Thus, there is a need to develop effective and safe therapy for the treatment of colonic disorders. The aim of the present study was to design a colon-specific delivery system for an anti-inflammatory drug, mesalamine, with minimal degradation and optimum delivery of the drug with relatively higher local concentration, which may provide more effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Factorial designs (four factors and two levels) for eudragit S-100 (pH-dependent polymer)-coated, pectin (natural polysaccharides)-based microspheres of mesalamine were constructed and conducted in a fully randomized manner to study all possible combinations. Based on the desirability function formulation, F14 was found to be the best formulation. The overall desirability coefficient of formulation F14 was found to be 0.825. The formulation F14 was subjected to in vitro release studies, and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. The microspheres started releasing the drug at the beginning of 7th hour, which corresponds to the arrival time at proximal colon. The cumulative percent drug release for formulation F14 at the end of 16 h was found to be 98%. The release kinetics showed that the release followed the Higuchi model, and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The study presents a new approach for colon-specific drug delivery.
Purpose Formulation and characterization of progesterone loaded hexosomes employing a novel metho... more Purpose Formulation and characterization of progesterone loaded hexosomes employing a novel method for oromucosal delivery. Method Hexosomes were prepared employing a method in which ethanolic solution of lipid phase (monolein and oleic acid) was vortexed with aqueous phase (surfactant solution) and characterized for particle size, morphology and internal structure. FT-IR and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were performed to investigate the possible mechanism and penetration pathway of hexosomes within the mucosa. Results Hexosomes exhibited anisotropy, hexagonal shape and nanometric size (251.2 ± 1.8 nm). Internal structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction peaks with spacing ratio of √1:√3:√4 proved two-dimensional hexagonal arrangements. Entrapment efficiency of system was greater than 95%. In vitro release studies revealed an enhanced transmucosal flux (4.67 ± 0.14 μg cm−2 h−1) and decreased lag time (1.54 h) across albino rabbit mucosa. FT-IR and CLSM of treated mucosa shows lipid extraction phenomena as well as structural irregularities within intercellular lipids respectively. These irregularities can function as ‘virtual channels’ facilitating hexosome’s penetration. Conclusion Developed hexosomes formulation exhibited high entrapment efficiency, high permeability and better stability on storage, thus proposing itself a novel carrier for enhanced oromucosal delivery of progesterone.
The purpose of this study was to design microsponge-based novel colon-specific drug delivery syst... more The purpose of this study was to design microsponge-based novel colon-specific drug delivery system bearing dicyclomine. Eudragit S-100-based microsponges containing the drug in varying amount were prepared using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges were prepared by optimizing various process parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared studies indicated compatibility and stability of the drug in various formulations. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies, and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. In vitro release data showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst effect. In the first hour, drug release from microsponges was found to be between 17% and 31%. The cumulative percent release at the end of eighth hour was noted to be between 53% and 83%. The release kinetics showed that the data followed Higuchi model and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The colon-specific tablets were prepared by compressing the microsponges followed by coating with pectin:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose mixture. In vitro release studies exhibited that compression-coated colon-specific formulations started releasing the drug at the sixth hour corresponding to the arrival time at colon. The study presents a new approach for colon-specific drug delivery.
Dutasteride loaded liposomal system were developed for topical application in order to avoid the ... more Dutasteride loaded liposomal system were developed for topical application in order to avoid the side effects associated with the oral administration of the drug. Drug-loaded multilamellar liposomes were prepared using thin-film hydration method followed by sonication and optimized with respect to entrapment efficiency, drug payload, size and lamellarity. The vesicular systems consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine (100 mg), cholesterol (50 mg), and dutasteride (5 mg) showed highest drug entrapment efficiency (94.6%) and drug payload (31.5 µg/mg of total lipids). Mean vesicle size of these liposomes was noted to be 1.82 ± 0.15 µm. Significantly higher skin permeation of dutasteride through excised abdominal mouse skin was achieved via the developed liposomal formulations as compared to hydro-alcoholic solution and conventional gels. The formulation exhibited about seven fold higher deposition of drug in skin. Stability studies indicated that the liposomal formulations were quite stable in the refrigerated conditions for 10 weeks with negligible drug leakage or vesicle size alteration. Results of the current studies exhibited improved and localized drug action in the skin and thus could be formulated as a better option to cure androgenetic alopecia.
The present work was aimed at designing microsponge based colon specific drug delivery system con... more The present work was aimed at designing microsponge based colon specific drug delivery system containing paracetamol. Eudragit S-100 based microsponges containing drug in varying amounts were prepared using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges were prepared by optimizing various process parameters. DSC and FTIR studies indicated compatibility of the drug in various formulations. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. The in vitro release data showed a bi-phasic pattern with an initial burst effect. In the first hour drug release from microsponges was found to be between 18-30%. The cumulative percent release at the end of 12(th) hour was noted to be between 74-98%. The release kinetics showed that the data followed Higuchi model and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The colon specific tablets were prepared by compressing the microsponges followed by coating with pectin: hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) mixture. In vitro release studies exhibited that compression coated colon specific tablet formulations started releasing the drug at 6(th) hour corresponding to the arrival time at proximal colon. The study presents a new approach for colon specific drug delivery.
ABSTRACT RRCAT has initiated the development of 1.3 GHz (TESLA shape) Superconducting (SC) single... more ABSTRACT RRCAT has initiated the development of 1.3 GHz (TESLA shape) Superconducting (SC) single cell cavity In this paper we present the development effort in electron beam (EB) welding and process validation efforts done during prototype development. Niobium being expensive material, initial efforts have been made to go through the complete manufacturing cycle using dummy (aluminum) material. We will present manufacturing of rolled beam pipe with the help of dedicated precision tube rolling machine, development of welding fixtures and EB welding of prototype single cell aluminium cavity using industry support. Development of various welding parameters and weld shrinkage estimation is also described. In order to prepare qualification procedure, frequency of half-cell was measured before and after EB welding to know the frequency shift associated with weld shrinkage. We will also report the frequency simulation done using ANSYS for different stages of single cell cavity manufacturing. Further our plans to manufacture and test single cell cavity in Niobium (Nb) in association with Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) New Delhi are also presented.
For treating colonic diseases, conventional oral drug delivery systems are not effective, as they... more For treating colonic diseases, conventional oral drug delivery systems are not effective, as they fail to reach the appropriate site of action. Thus, there is a need to develop effective and safe therapy for the treatment of colonic disorders. The aim of the present study was to design a colon-specific delivery system for an anti-inflammatory drug, mesalamine, with minimal degradation and optimum delivery of the drug with relatively higher local concentration, which may provide more effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Factorial designs (four factors and two levels) for eudragit S-100 (pH-dependent polymer)-coated, pectin (natural polysaccharides)-based microspheres of mesalamine were constructed and conducted in a fully randomized manner to study all possible combinations. Based on the desirability function formulation, F14 was found to be the best formulation. The overall desirability coefficient of formulation F14 was found to be 0.825. The formulation F14 was subjected to in vitro release studies, and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. The microspheres started releasing the drug at the beginning of 7th hour, which corresponds to the arrival time at proximal colon. The cumulative percent drug release for formulation F14 at the end of 16 h was found to be 98%. The release kinetics showed that the release followed the Higuchi model, and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The study presents a new approach for colon-specific drug delivery.
Purpose Formulation and characterization of progesterone loaded hexosomes employing a novel metho... more Purpose Formulation and characterization of progesterone loaded hexosomes employing a novel method for oromucosal delivery. Method Hexosomes were prepared employing a method in which ethanolic solution of lipid phase (monolein and oleic acid) was vortexed with aqueous phase (surfactant solution) and characterized for particle size, morphology and internal structure. FT-IR and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were performed to investigate the possible mechanism and penetration pathway of hexosomes within the mucosa. Results Hexosomes exhibited anisotropy, hexagonal shape and nanometric size (251.2 ± 1.8 nm). Internal structure confirmed by X-ray diffraction peaks with spacing ratio of √1:√3:√4 proved two-dimensional hexagonal arrangements. Entrapment efficiency of system was greater than 95%. In vitro release studies revealed an enhanced transmucosal flux (4.67 ± 0.14 μg cm−2 h−1) and decreased lag time (1.54 h) across albino rabbit mucosa. FT-IR and CLSM of treated mucosa shows lipid extraction phenomena as well as structural irregularities within intercellular lipids respectively. These irregularities can function as ‘virtual channels’ facilitating hexosome’s penetration. Conclusion Developed hexosomes formulation exhibited high entrapment efficiency, high permeability and better stability on storage, thus proposing itself a novel carrier for enhanced oromucosal delivery of progesterone.
The purpose of this study was to design microsponge-based novel colon-specific drug delivery syst... more The purpose of this study was to design microsponge-based novel colon-specific drug delivery system bearing dicyclomine. Eudragit S-100-based microsponges containing the drug in varying amount were prepared using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges were prepared by optimizing various process parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared studies indicated compatibility and stability of the drug in various formulations. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies, and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. In vitro release data showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst effect. In the first hour, drug release from microsponges was found to be between 17% and 31%. The cumulative percent release at the end of eighth hour was noted to be between 53% and 83%. The release kinetics showed that the data followed Higuchi model and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The colon-specific tablets were prepared by compressing the microsponges followed by coating with pectin:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose mixture. In vitro release studies exhibited that compression-coated colon-specific formulations started releasing the drug at the sixth hour corresponding to the arrival time at colon. The study presents a new approach for colon-specific drug delivery.
Dutasteride loaded liposomal system were developed for topical application in order to avoid the ... more Dutasteride loaded liposomal system were developed for topical application in order to avoid the side effects associated with the oral administration of the drug. Drug-loaded multilamellar liposomes were prepared using thin-film hydration method followed by sonication and optimized with respect to entrapment efficiency, drug payload, size and lamellarity. The vesicular systems consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine (100 mg), cholesterol (50 mg), and dutasteride (5 mg) showed highest drug entrapment efficiency (94.6%) and drug payload (31.5 µg/mg of total lipids). Mean vesicle size of these liposomes was noted to be 1.82 ± 0.15 µm. Significantly higher skin permeation of dutasteride through excised abdominal mouse skin was achieved via the developed liposomal formulations as compared to hydro-alcoholic solution and conventional gels. The formulation exhibited about seven fold higher deposition of drug in skin. Stability studies indicated that the liposomal formulations were quite stable in the refrigerated conditions for 10 weeks with negligible drug leakage or vesicle size alteration. Results of the current studies exhibited improved and localized drug action in the skin and thus could be formulated as a better option to cure androgenetic alopecia.
The present work was aimed at designing microsponge based colon specific drug delivery system con... more The present work was aimed at designing microsponge based colon specific drug delivery system containing paracetamol. Eudragit S-100 based microsponges containing drug in varying amounts were prepared using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges were prepared by optimizing various process parameters. DSC and FTIR studies indicated compatibility of the drug in various formulations. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. The in vitro release data showed a bi-phasic pattern with an initial burst effect. In the first hour drug release from microsponges was found to be between 18-30%. The cumulative percent release at the end of 12(th) hour was noted to be between 74-98%. The release kinetics showed that the data followed Higuchi model and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The colon specific tablets were prepared by compressing the microsponges followed by coating with pectin: hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) mixture. In vitro release studies exhibited that compression coated colon specific tablet formulations started releasing the drug at 6(th) hour corresponding to the arrival time at proximal colon. The study presents a new approach for colon specific drug delivery.
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