2019 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital systems (C-CODE), 2019
In this work, a multiband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for different wir... more In this work, a multiband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for different wireless protocols has been discussed. The overall design consists of Dielectric Resonator (DR) placed on Fr4 substrate. The resonator is excited by CPW (coplanar waveguide). The feedline, ground and radiator are positioned on the same surface. The overall design is low profile because of the reduced height of the DR. The DR has relative permittivity $\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$ of 15. The dual band design is reconfigured to other four bands with the help of two switching configurations. The resonant frequencies are reconfigured between 1.2 GHz to 6.5 GHz. The substrate FR4 has a thickness of 1.6mm and 0.002 tangent loss. The ground plane has the dimensions of 50×45 mm2. The DR has an height of 2mm. Two ideal switches SI and S2 are placed on the two sides of the feedline. The combination of these two ideal RF PIN diodes is used to obtain three switching arrangements. A fourth possible arrangement is excluded as it disconnects the DRA from the feedline. The switching arrangements are ON-ON, ON-OFF and OFF-ON. In ON-ON state, the two achieved resonance frequencies are 4.27 GHz (WBAN) and 5.64 GHz (WLAN). In ON-OFF state the obtained resonance frequencies are 2.1 GHz (LTE) and 5.47 GHz (WLAN). For ON-OFF state, the two resonance frequencies are 2.16 GHz (LTE) and 5.73 GHz (WLAN). The simulated values for all the switching configuration confirm the potential of the prototype for use in the targeted wireless protocols.
Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M1 (AF... more Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a human carcinogenic toxin, is excreted by lactating animals in their milk after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in cattle and buffalo milk produced in rural and peri-urban areas under different agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh, India, and assesses human health risks. Analyses of 545 milk samples by validated high-performance liquid chromatography revealed high level of AFM1 contamination in 224 (41.1%) samples with mean concentration of 0.137 ± 0.029 μg/L. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed in the levels and frequency of AFM1 occurrence among different agro-climatic zones. AFM1 was more frequently detected in milk samples from Northern hills (64%) followed by Bastar plateau (40.7%) and Chhattisgarh plain (27.3%), with mean concentration levels of 0.396 ± 0.099 μg/L, 0.081 ± 0.025 μg/L and 0.013 ± 0.002 μg/L, respectively. Species wise no significant difference was observed in the detection frequency and concentration of AFM1 in milk from cattle and buffalo. AFM1 contamination above maximum permissible limits established by European commission and Food Safety and Standard Authority of India was detected in 21.3% and 4.4% of samples, respectively. The estimated daily intakes for AFM1 were found to be higher than tolerable daily intakes for both adults and children, especially of Northern hills implying a potentially high risk to consumer's health. This study provides valuable information on the contamination status of milk in one of the fastest developing state of India. It also highlights the importance and need for continuous farmers' awareness on good animal husbandry practices, routine surveillance of mycotoxins in animal feeds and food commodities to safeguard human health.
The superhydrophobic surface has been used in ultradry surface applications, such as the maritime... more The superhydrophobic surface has been used in ultradry surface applications, such as the maritime industry, windshields, non-sticky surfaces, anti-icing surfaces, self-cleaning surfaces, and so forth. However, one of the main hurdles for the production of superhydrophobic surfaces is high-cost fabrication methods. Here, we report a handy process of self-synthesis fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with daily supplies. Driven by the physics of biscuit dunking, we introduce a method to self-synthesize superhydrophobic surfaces from daily supplies by coating a substrate with a liquid (liquids of paraffin from candles or polydimethylsiloxane) and subsequently sprinkling powders (food-desiccant silica, alumina, sugar, salt, or flour). A mechanistic study revealed that the capillary force, governed by surface energy difference, liquid viscosity, and powder pore size, draws the liquid solution into the porous channels within the powders. The entire surface of powders, in turn, is covered with the low-surface-energy liquid to maintain the porosity, creating a 3D porous nanostructure, resulting in a water contact angle over 160°. This work provides a scientific understanding that technological developments are closely related to the science that can be seen in our daily lives. Also, we believe that further intensive studies extended from this work could enable to home-fabricate a superhydrophobic surface, such as a bathtub and sink in bathrooms and a cooking area and sink in kitchens.
Background Hearing loss/deafness is a common otological disorder found in the Pakistani populatio... more Background Hearing loss/deafness is a common otological disorder found in the Pakistani population due to the high prevalence of consanguineous unions, but the full range of genetic causes is still unknown. Methods A large consanguineous Pakistani kindred with hearing loss was studied. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to search for the candidate gene underlying the disease phenotype. A minigene assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the effect of splicing variants. Results The splicing variants of OTOF (NM_194248, c.3289-1G>T) cosegregated with the disease phenotype in this Pakistani family. The substitution of a single base pair causes the deletion of 10 bp (splicing variant 1) or 13 bp (splicing variant 2) from exon 27, which results in truncated proteins of 1141 and 1140 amino acids, respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal an OTOF splice-site variant as pathogenic for profound hearing loss in this family.
Malakand Division in northwest Pakistan is known for delicious sweet orange, locally called Malta... more Malakand Division in northwest Pakistan is known for delicious sweet orange, locally called Malta (Citrus sinensis). However, both quality and quantity of the citrus produce has seen a decline over the past few decades. Among production constraints, Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by phloem-limited alpha proteobacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) -an endosymbiont of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri), is of great economic significance. Therefore, we assessed HLB incidence through symptom-based surveys in major citrus growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Northwest Pakistan. The presence or absence of CLas in the collected citrus samples was confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using three set of primers (LSS/LAS606, OI1/OI2C “16S rDNA” and MH353/MH354 “operon “nusG-rplK”). An average disease incidence of 92% and severity of 34% were recorded from main production zones in district Swat, KP. Likewise, in district Lower Dir, HLB had disease incidence and sever...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2018
In these days communication technology is very advanced. Digital communication has become very i... more In these days communication technology is very advanced. Digital communication has become very important to secure transmission of information between the sender and the receiver. Security for exchange is a very important feature because it protects information from interloper. In this paper we present a hierarchy of network security technologies such as privacy, authentication, non-rejection and honesty control. There are two popular security mechanisms, namely cryptography and steganography. Both are well known and widely used techniques. Cryptography is used to send data in an encrypted form using the encryption key. Encrypted data is transmitted through unsafe public media. Decryption algorithms are also used to decrypt messages when using decryption keys. Steganography is used to hide data in other cover media.
Copper being an essential nutrient; also pose a risk for human health in excessive amount. A simp... more Copper being an essential nutrient; also pose a risk for human health in excessive amount. A simple and convenient method for the detection of trace amount of copper was employed using an optical probe R1 based on Schiff base. The probe was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of benzyl amine and 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and characterized by single X-ray diffraction, H NMR and FTIR. By screening its fluorescence response in a mixture of DMSO and HO (20:80, v/v) R1 displayed a pronounced enhancement in fluorescence only upon treatment with copper. Other examined metal ions such as alkali, alkaline and transition had no influence. Within a wide pH range 5-12 R1 could selectively detect copper by interrupting ICT mechanism that results in CHEF. From Job's plot analysis a 2:1 binding stoichiometry was revealed. The fluorescence response was linear in the range 1-10 × 10 M with detection limit 30 × 10 M. Association constant was determined as 1 × 10 M by Benesi-Hilderbrand plot. ...
2016 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2016
In this work a circular and pyramidal shape monopole antennas are made reconfigurable using same ... more In this work a circular and pyramidal shape monopole antennas are made reconfigurable using same technique. Both of the antenna structure with circular and pyramidal shape is simple and easy to construct. Two parasitic metallic elements were used which are co-planar to each other. The reconfigurability is achieved from 3 GHz to 9 GHz frequency band. Three ideal switches between two metallic strips are employed to configure the resonant frequency of the proposed antennas in two different frequency ranges within the UWB frequency band. Results in term of reflection coefficient along with radiation pattern and gain are also discussed in this article. It is shown that this method of reconfigurability can be implemented to any other shapes to design UWB antennas.
2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2009
... lINRS-EMT, University of Quebec Montreal, QC, Canada Email: [rizwan, [email protected]] ... A... more ... lINRS-EMT, University of Quebec Montreal, QC, Canada Email: [rizwan, [email protected]] ... Again in active scanning, the STA switches to each chan-nel, transmits the probe request frame and waits for probe response(s). The total delay involved in scanning a channel can be ...
2019 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital systems (C-CODE), 2019
In this work, a multiband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for different wir... more In this work, a multiband frequency reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna for different wireless protocols has been discussed. The overall design consists of Dielectric Resonator (DR) placed on Fr4 substrate. The resonator is excited by CPW (coplanar waveguide). The feedline, ground and radiator are positioned on the same surface. The overall design is low profile because of the reduced height of the DR. The DR has relative permittivity $\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}\right)$ of 15. The dual band design is reconfigured to other four bands with the help of two switching configurations. The resonant frequencies are reconfigured between 1.2 GHz to 6.5 GHz. The substrate FR4 has a thickness of 1.6mm and 0.002 tangent loss. The ground plane has the dimensions of 50×45 mm2. The DR has an height of 2mm. Two ideal switches SI and S2 are placed on the two sides of the feedline. The combination of these two ideal RF PIN diodes is used to obtain three switching arrangements. A fourth possible arrangement is excluded as it disconnects the DRA from the feedline. The switching arrangements are ON-ON, ON-OFF and OFF-ON. In ON-ON state, the two achieved resonance frequencies are 4.27 GHz (WBAN) and 5.64 GHz (WLAN). In ON-OFF state the obtained resonance frequencies are 2.1 GHz (LTE) and 5.47 GHz (WLAN). For ON-OFF state, the two resonance frequencies are 2.16 GHz (LTE) and 5.73 GHz (WLAN). The simulated values for all the switching configuration confirm the potential of the prototype for use in the targeted wireless protocols.
Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M1 (AF... more Concerns regarding food safety and 'One Health' are increasing globally. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a human carcinogenic toxin, is excreted by lactating animals in their milk after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in cattle and buffalo milk produced in rural and peri-urban areas under different agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh, India, and assesses human health risks. Analyses of 545 milk samples by validated high-performance liquid chromatography revealed high level of AFM1 contamination in 224 (41.1%) samples with mean concentration of 0.137 ± 0.029 μg/L. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed in the levels and frequency of AFM1 occurrence among different agro-climatic zones. AFM1 was more frequently detected in milk samples from Northern hills (64%) followed by Bastar plateau (40.7%) and Chhattisgarh plain (27.3%), with mean concentration levels of 0.396 ± 0.099 μg/L, 0.081 ± 0.025 μg/L and 0.013 ± 0.002 μg/L, respectively. Species wise no significant difference was observed in the detection frequency and concentration of AFM1 in milk from cattle and buffalo. AFM1 contamination above maximum permissible limits established by European commission and Food Safety and Standard Authority of India was detected in 21.3% and 4.4% of samples, respectively. The estimated daily intakes for AFM1 were found to be higher than tolerable daily intakes for both adults and children, especially of Northern hills implying a potentially high risk to consumer's health. This study provides valuable information on the contamination status of milk in one of the fastest developing state of India. It also highlights the importance and need for continuous farmers' awareness on good animal husbandry practices, routine surveillance of mycotoxins in animal feeds and food commodities to safeguard human health.
The superhydrophobic surface has been used in ultradry surface applications, such as the maritime... more The superhydrophobic surface has been used in ultradry surface applications, such as the maritime industry, windshields, non-sticky surfaces, anti-icing surfaces, self-cleaning surfaces, and so forth. However, one of the main hurdles for the production of superhydrophobic surfaces is high-cost fabrication methods. Here, we report a handy process of self-synthesis fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with daily supplies. Driven by the physics of biscuit dunking, we introduce a method to self-synthesize superhydrophobic surfaces from daily supplies by coating a substrate with a liquid (liquids of paraffin from candles or polydimethylsiloxane) and subsequently sprinkling powders (food-desiccant silica, alumina, sugar, salt, or flour). A mechanistic study revealed that the capillary force, governed by surface energy difference, liquid viscosity, and powder pore size, draws the liquid solution into the porous channels within the powders. The entire surface of powders, in turn, is covered with the low-surface-energy liquid to maintain the porosity, creating a 3D porous nanostructure, resulting in a water contact angle over 160°. This work provides a scientific understanding that technological developments are closely related to the science that can be seen in our daily lives. Also, we believe that further intensive studies extended from this work could enable to home-fabricate a superhydrophobic surface, such as a bathtub and sink in bathrooms and a cooking area and sink in kitchens.
Background Hearing loss/deafness is a common otological disorder found in the Pakistani populatio... more Background Hearing loss/deafness is a common otological disorder found in the Pakistani population due to the high prevalence of consanguineous unions, but the full range of genetic causes is still unknown. Methods A large consanguineous Pakistani kindred with hearing loss was studied. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to search for the candidate gene underlying the disease phenotype. A minigene assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the effect of splicing variants. Results The splicing variants of OTOF (NM_194248, c.3289-1G>T) cosegregated with the disease phenotype in this Pakistani family. The substitution of a single base pair causes the deletion of 10 bp (splicing variant 1) or 13 bp (splicing variant 2) from exon 27, which results in truncated proteins of 1141 and 1140 amino acids, respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal an OTOF splice-site variant as pathogenic for profound hearing loss in this family.
Malakand Division in northwest Pakistan is known for delicious sweet orange, locally called Malta... more Malakand Division in northwest Pakistan is known for delicious sweet orange, locally called Malta (Citrus sinensis). However, both quality and quantity of the citrus produce has seen a decline over the past few decades. Among production constraints, Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by phloem-limited alpha proteobacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) -an endosymbiont of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri), is of great economic significance. Therefore, we assessed HLB incidence through symptom-based surveys in major citrus growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Northwest Pakistan. The presence or absence of CLas in the collected citrus samples was confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using three set of primers (LSS/LAS606, OI1/OI2C “16S rDNA” and MH353/MH354 “operon “nusG-rplK”). An average disease incidence of 92% and severity of 34% were recorded from main production zones in district Swat, KP. Likewise, in district Lower Dir, HLB had disease incidence and sever...
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2018
In these days communication technology is very advanced. Digital communication has become very i... more In these days communication technology is very advanced. Digital communication has become very important to secure transmission of information between the sender and the receiver. Security for exchange is a very important feature because it protects information from interloper. In this paper we present a hierarchy of network security technologies such as privacy, authentication, non-rejection and honesty control. There are two popular security mechanisms, namely cryptography and steganography. Both are well known and widely used techniques. Cryptography is used to send data in an encrypted form using the encryption key. Encrypted data is transmitted through unsafe public media. Decryption algorithms are also used to decrypt messages when using decryption keys. Steganography is used to hide data in other cover media.
Copper being an essential nutrient; also pose a risk for human health in excessive amount. A simp... more Copper being an essential nutrient; also pose a risk for human health in excessive amount. A simple and convenient method for the detection of trace amount of copper was employed using an optical probe R1 based on Schiff base. The probe was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of benzyl amine and 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and characterized by single X-ray diffraction, H NMR and FTIR. By screening its fluorescence response in a mixture of DMSO and HO (20:80, v/v) R1 displayed a pronounced enhancement in fluorescence only upon treatment with copper. Other examined metal ions such as alkali, alkaline and transition had no influence. Within a wide pH range 5-12 R1 could selectively detect copper by interrupting ICT mechanism that results in CHEF. From Job's plot analysis a 2:1 binding stoichiometry was revealed. The fluorescence response was linear in the range 1-10 × 10 M with detection limit 30 × 10 M. Association constant was determined as 1 × 10 M by Benesi-Hilderbrand plot. ...
2016 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2016
In this work a circular and pyramidal shape monopole antennas are made reconfigurable using same ... more In this work a circular and pyramidal shape monopole antennas are made reconfigurable using same technique. Both of the antenna structure with circular and pyramidal shape is simple and easy to construct. Two parasitic metallic elements were used which are co-planar to each other. The reconfigurability is achieved from 3 GHz to 9 GHz frequency band. Three ideal switches between two metallic strips are employed to configure the resonant frequency of the proposed antennas in two different frequency ranges within the UWB frequency band. Results in term of reflection coefficient along with radiation pattern and gain are also discussed in this article. It is shown that this method of reconfigurability can be implemented to any other shapes to design UWB antennas.
2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2009
... lINRS-EMT, University of Quebec Montreal, QC, Canada Email: [rizwan, [email protected]] ... A... more ... lINRS-EMT, University of Quebec Montreal, QC, Canada Email: [rizwan, [email protected]] ... Again in active scanning, the STA switches to each chan-nel, transmits the probe request frame and waits for probe response(s). The total delay involved in scanning a channel can be ...
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