Mankomunidad ti Filipinas

Ti Mankomunida ti Filipinas (Filipino: Komonwelt ng Pilipinas; Espaniol: Mancomunidad de Filipinas) ket isu idi ti administratibo a bagi a nangituray ti Filipinas manipud idi 1935 aginggana idi 1946, malaksid iti paset ti panawen ti eksilo iti Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat manipud idi 1942 aginggana idi 1945 idi ti Hapon ket sinakupna ti pagilian. Daytoy ket sinukatanna ti Insular a Gobierno, ti teritorial a gobierno ti Estados Unidos, ken nabangon idi babaen ti Tigbay ti Tydings–McDuffie. Naidesinio ti Mankomunidad a kas transisioonal nga administrasion iti panangisagana para iti napno a pannakagun-od ti wayawaya ti pagilian.^[1]

Iti las-ud ti kaaddana iti ad-adu ngem maysa a dekada, ti Mankomunidad ket addaan iti napigsanga ehekutibo ken maysa a Korte Suprema. Ti lehislaturana, kaaduan babaen ti Partido Nacionalista, immuna idi a maymaysa kamara, ngem kanungpalan a nagbalin a dua kamara. Idi 1937, pinili ti gobierno Tagalog a kas ti pagsasao ti Manila ken dagiti nakapalikmut a probinsia–kas ti batayan ti nailian a pagsasao,urayno adunton a panawen sakbay a sapasap ti pannakausarna. Naampon idi ti panagbutos ti babbai ken nakarang-ay ti ekonomia manipud kadagiti agpang iti Depresion sakbay iti panagsakup ti Hapon idi 1942.

Napan iti eksilo ti gobierno ti Mankomunidad manipud idi 1942 aginggana idi 1945, idi ti Filipinas ket sinaksakup babaen ti Hapon. Idi 1946, nagpatingga ti Monkomunidad ken nagtunton ti Filipinas iti napno a kinaturay kas inted iti Artikulo XVIII iti Batay-linteg ti 1935.^[2]

Dagiti nagibasaran

^ Castro, Christi-Anne, Associate Professor University of Michigan (7 Abril 2011). Musical Renderings of the Philippine Nation. U.S.: Oxford University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-19-974640-8. Naala idi 3 Hulio 2013.
^ "The 1935 Constitution". Official Gazette. Government of the Philippines. Pebrero 8, 1935. Naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud idi 2019-01-25. Naala idi 2016-08-19.

Bibliograpia

Philippine Legislature, 100 Years, Philippine Historical Association, New Day Publishers, 2000, ISBN 971-92245-0-9.
Agoncillo, Teodoro A; Guerrero, Milagros (1970), History of the Filipino People, Malaya Books, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Dolan, Ronald E, ed. (1991), "Economic Relations with the United States", Philippines: A Country Study, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Gin Ooi, Keat (2004), Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2.
Hayden, Joseph Ralston (1942), The Philippines, a Study in National Development, Macmillan, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Lacsamana, Leodivico Cruz (1990), Philippine History and Government, Phoenix, ISBN 971-06-1894-6, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Roces; Luna, Juan Luis Z Jr; Arcilla, Reynaldo (1986), RR Philippine almanac: book of facts, Ramon Roces y Pardo.
Seekins, Donald M (1991), "The Commonwealth", iti Dolan, Ronald E (ed.), Philippines: A Country Study, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Seekins, Donald M (1991b), "World War II", iti Dolan, Ronald E (ed.), Philippines: A Country Study, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, naala idi 2007-12-28.
Weir, Fraser (1998), "American Colony and Philippine Commonwealth 1901–1941", A Centennial History of Philippine Independence, 1898–1998, naala idi 2007-12-28
Zaide, Sonia M (1994), The Philippines: A Unique Nation, All-Nations, ISBN 971-642-071-4

Dagiti silpo ti ruar

Kalaw, Maximo, The Present Government of the Philippines (book), Filipiniana, naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud idi 2009-02-12, naala idi 2016-08-19, detailing the functions of the different branches of the Philippine Commonwealth.
Parallel and Divergent Aspects of British Rule in the Raj, French Rule in Indochina, Dutch Rule in the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), and American Rule in the Philippines, CA: House of David.
Philippines: Polity Style: 1897–2009, Archontology, naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud idi 2016-03-03, naala idi 2016-08-19.
The Commonwealth of the Philippines, PH: Government, naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud idi 2016-07-14, naala idi 2016-08-19.

[1] Castro, Christi-Anne, Associate Professor University of Michigan (7 Abril 2011). Musical Renderings of the Philippine Nation. U.S.: Oxford University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-19-974640-8. Naala idi 3 Hulio 2013.

[Const_1935-2] "The 1935 Constitution". Official Gazette. Government of the Philippines. Pebrero 8, 1935. Naiyarkibo manipud iti kasisigud idi 2019-01-25. Naala idi 2016-08-19.

[1]

[2]