Nostradamus

 

Ihe osise nke Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus), French Renaissance Medicine & Astrologer, nke nwa ya nwoke bụ César de Nostredame (1553-1630 sere?)

Michel de Nostredame (December 1503 - Julaị 1566 ), nke a na-akpọkarị Latịn dị ka Nostradamus, [lower-alpha 1] bụ onye France na-agụ kpakpando, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, dọkịta na onye ọhụ ụzọ a ma ama, onye kacha mara amara maka akwụkwọ ya Les Prophéties (nke e bipụtara na ya). 1555), mkpokọta 942 poetic quatrains [lower-alpha 2] boro ebubo na-ebu amụma ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu.

Ezinụlọ nna Nostradamus bụ ndị Juu na mbụ, mana ha ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst Katọlik otu ọgbọ tupu amụọ Nostradamus. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Avignon, mana a manyere ya ịhapụ mgbe ihe karịrị otu afọ gachara mgbe mahadum ahụ mechiri n'ihi ntiwapụ nke ihe otiti ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka apothecary ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu ọ banye na Mahadum nke Montpellier, na-enwe olileanya inweta nzere doctorate, mana ọ fọrọ nke nta ka a chụpụ ya ozugbo mgbe a chọpụtara ọrụ ya dị ka apothicary (azụmahịa aka nke iwu mahadum machibidoro). Ọ lụrụ di na mbụ na 1531, mana nwunye ya na ụmụ ya abụọ nwụrụ na 1534 n'oge ntiwapụ ọzọ. Ya na ndị dọkịta lụrụ ọgụ megide ihe otiti ahụ tupu ya alụọ Anne Ponsarde, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ isii. O dere almanac maka afọ 1550 ma, n'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma ya, gaa n'ihu na-ede ha maka afọ ndị na-abịa n'ihu ka ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ kpakpando maka ndị ahịa dị iche iche bara ọgaranya. Catherine de 'Medici ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ya. Les Prophéties ya, nke e bipụtara na 1555, dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na akụkọ ihe mere eme na akwụkwọ edemede, ma na mbụ nweta nnabata dị iche iche. Ọ na-arịa ọrịa gout siri ike na njedebe nke ndụ ya, nke mesịrị ghọọ ọzịza. Ọ nwụrụ na 1 ma ọ bụ 2 Julaị 1566. Ọtụtụ ndị edemede a ma ama akọghachila akụkọ ifo apọkrịfa banyere ndụ ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole kemgbe e bipụtara Les Prophéties ya, Nostradamus adọtawo ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya, bụ ndị, tinyere ụfọdụ n'ime ndị nta akụkọ a ma ama, na-eto ya na o buru amụma n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ ihe omume ụwa dị mkpa. [1] [2] Isi mmalite agụmakwụkwọ na-ajụ echiche ahụ na Nostradamus nwere ezigbo ikike amụma ọ bụla na-enweghị isi ma na-ekwu na ihe ọ bụla ha nwere ike iji mee ihe na-ezighị ezi.

Ndụ ya

Oge ọ bụ nwata

Ebe a mụrụ Nostradamus, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, nke e sere foto na 1997

Ihe ncheta obodo na ebe a mụrụ Nostradamus na St-Rémy, France, na-akọwa ya dị ka 'onye na-agụ kpakpando' ma na-enye ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dị ka 14 Disemba 1503 (Kalenda Julian)

A mụrụ Nostradamus na 14 ma ọ bụ 21 Disemba 1503 na Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Provence, France, [1] ebe a na-azọrọ na ọ ka dị, ma mee Michel baptizim. [2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụmụ itoolu nke notary Jaume (ma ọ bụ Jacques) de Nostredame na Reynière, nwa nwa nke Pierre de Saint-Rémie onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta na Saint-rémy. [1] Ezinụlọ Jaume bụ ndị Juu, mana nna ya, Cresquas, onye a tọghatara n'akụkụ 140, Christian, onye Christian, bụ onye Christian, onye a gbanwere n'akụkụ ya, "Ness, ". Ụmụnne Michel a ma ama gụnyere Delphine, Jean (ihe dị ka 1507-1577), Pierre, Hector, Louis, Bertrand, Jean nke Abụọ (amụrụ 1522) na Antoine (amụrụ 1523). [1] [2]A maghị ihe ọzọ banyere nwata ya, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọdịnala na-adịgide adịgide na nna nna ya bụ Jean de St. Rémy [1] kụziiri ya - ọdịnala nke dị ntakịrị mebiri site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na nke ikpeazụ na-apụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme.  mgbe 1504 gasịrị mgbe nwatakịrị ahụ dị nanị otu afọ.

Afọ ndị ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, [1] Nostradamus banyere Mahadum Avignon iji mụọ maka baccalaureate ya. Mgbe ihe karịrị otu afọ gasịrị (mgbe ọ ga-amụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa nke ụtọ asụsụ, rhetoric na arụmụka karịa quadrivium nke geometry, arithmetic, egwu, na astronomy / astrology), a manyere ya ịhapụ Avignon mgbe mahadum ahụ mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ya n'oge ntiwapụ nke ihe otiti ahụ. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Avignon, Nostradamus, site na akụkọ nke ya, gara n'ime ime obodo ruo afọ asatọ site na 1521 na-eme nchọpụta ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ. N'afọ 1529, mgbe afọ ole na ole dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ọ banyere na Mahadum Montpellier iji mụọ maka nzere doctorate na ọgwụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, Guillaume Rondelet, chụpụrụ ya mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ bụ onye na-ere ọgwụ, "azụmahịa aka" nke iwu mahadum machibidoro iwu, ma na-ebo ndị dọkịta ebubo ụgha. [1] Akwụkwọ nchụpụ ahụ, BIU Montpellier, Register S 2 folio 87, ka dị na ngalaba ahụ. [2] Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ya na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ga-akpọ ya "Dọkịta". Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya, Nostradamus gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ, ikekwe ka ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ma bụrụ onye a ma ama maka ịmepụta "pill rose" nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-echebe megide ihe otiti ahụ.

Alụmdi na nwunye na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ

Ụlọ Nostradamus na Salon-de-Provence, dị ka e wughachiri ya mgbe ala ọma jijiji nke 1909 gasịrị na Provence

N'afọ 1531, Jules-César Scaliger, onye ọkà mmụta Renaissance, kpọrọ Nostradamus ka ọ bịa Agen. [1] N'ebe ahụ, ọ lụrụ nwanyị aha ya na-amaghị aha ya (ma eleghị anya Henriette d'Encausse), onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ abụọ. [2] N'afọ 1534 nwunye ya na ụmụ ya nwụrụ, ikekwe site na ihe otiti ahụ. Mgbe ha nwụsịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na-eme njem, na-agafe France na ikekwe Ịtali.

Mgbe ọ lọghachiri na 1545, o nyeere onye dibịa afa a ma ama bụ Louis Serre aka n'ọgụ ọ na-alụ megide nnukwu ọrịa na-efe efe na Marseille, wee gbookwa ọrịa ndị ọzọ n'onwe ya na Salon-de-Provence na n'isi obodo mpaghara, Aix-en- Provence . N'ikpeazụ, na 1547, ọ gara biri na Salon-de-Provence n'ụlọ dị taa, ebe ọ lụrụ otu nwanyị di ya nwụrụ bara ọgaranya aha ya bụ Anne Ponsarde, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ isii - ụmụ nwanyị atọ na ụmụ nwoke atọ. [22] N'agbata 1556 na 1567 ya na nwunye ya nwetara òkè nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri na atọ na nnukwu ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke Adam de Craponne haziri, iji mepụta Canal de Craponne iji mee ka mmiri na Salon-de-Provence na-enweghị mmiri na mmiri Desert dị nso. la Crau si osimiri Durance . [23]

Ime Anwansi

Mgbe ọ gachara nleta ọzọ n'Ịtali, Nostradamus malitere ịhapụ ọgwụ na "ọchịchịrị". N'ịgbaso usoro a ma ama, o dere almanac maka 1550, maka oge mbụ na-ebipụta. Ịkpọ aha ya na Latịn ka ọ bụrụ Nostradamus. Ihe ịga nke ọma nke almanac ahụ gbara ya ume nke ukwuu nke na o kpebiri ide otu ma ọ bụ karịa kwa afọ. N'ozuzu, a maara na ha nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala amụma 6,338, [1] [2] yana ma ọ dị ala kalenda iri na otu kwa afọ, ha niile na-amalite na 1 Jenụwarị ma ọ bụghị, dịka a na-eche mgbe ụfọdụ, na Machị. Ọ bụ n'ihi nzaghachi nye almanacs na ndị a ma ama na ndị ọzọ a ma ama si n'ebe dị anya malitere ịrịọ maka horoscopes na ndụmọdụ "mmụọ" n'aka ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-atụ anya na ndị ahịa ya ga-enye chaatị ọmụmụ nke ndị a ga-adabere na ya, kama ịgbakọ ha n'onwe ya dị ka onye na-agụ kpakpando ga-eme. Mgbe a manyere ya ịnwale nke a n'onwe ya na ndabere nke tebụl ndị e bipụtara n'oge ahụ, ọ na-emekarị njehie ma ghara idozi ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ebe ma ọ bụ oge ọmụmụ ndị ahịa ya.

Ọ maliteziri ọrụ ya nke ide akwụkwọ otu puku na-abụkarị French quatrains, bụ́ nke mejupụtara amụma ndị na-enwebeghị ụbọchị nke ọ kacha mara amara taa.  N'ịbụ onye na-eche na ọ gaghị enwe ike imegide mmegide n'ihi okpukpe,[29] ọ chepụtara usoro iji mebie ihe ọ pụtara site n'iji "Virgilianised" syntax, egwuregwu okwu na ngwakọta nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Greek, Italian, Latin na Provencal.[30]  Maka teknuzu ebumnuche jikọtara ya na mbipụta ha na nkeji atọ (onye bipụtara nkeji nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ yiri ka ọ chọghị ịmalite ya n'etiti "Century," ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nke amaokwu 100), nkeji iri ise na asatọ ikpeazụ.  “Narị afọ” nke asaa anwụbeghị na mbipụta ọ bụla dị adị.

Narị Afọ nke Mbụ, Quatrain 1 na mbipụta 1555 Lyon Bonhomme

Ndị quatrains, bụ́ ndị e bipụtara n’akwụkwọ a kpọrọ Les Prophéties (Amụma Ndị Amụma), nwetara mmeghachi omume dịgasị iche iche mgbe e bipụtara ha.  Ụfọdụ ndị chere na Nostradamus bụ onye na-ejere ihe ọjọọ, onye adịgboroja, ma ọ bụ onye ara, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ma ama chere na ọ dị iche.  Catherine de' Medici, nwunye Eze Henry nke Abụọ nke France, bụ otu n'ime ihe kacha amasị Nostradamus.  Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ya maka 1555, bụ́ ndị na-egosi na a na-eyi ndị ezinụlọ eze egwu egwu a na-akpọghị aha, ọ kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa Paris ka ọ kọwaara ha ha nakwa ka o wepụtaara ụmụ ya ihe mmụta horoscopes.  N'oge ahụ, ọ na-atụ egwu na a ga-ebipụ ya isi, [31] ma n'oge ọnwụ ya na 1566, Queen Catherine emewo ya Onye Ndụmọdụ na Dọkịta-Nri nye nwa ya nwoke, nwa okorobịa bụ Eze Charles IX nke France.

Akụkọ ụfọdụ banyere ndụ Nostradamus na-ekwu na ọ na-atụ egwu na Inquisition ga-akpagbu ya maka ịjụ okwukwe, mana ọ bụghị amụma ma ọ bụ ịgụ kpakpando dara na oghere a, ọ gaara anọ n'ihe ize ndụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na o mere anwansi iji kwado ha. N'afọ 1538, ya na Chọọchị dị na Agen nwere esemokwu mgbe onye Inquisitor gara ebe ahụ na-achọ echiche na-emegide Katọlik. Mkpọrọ ya dị mkpirikpi na Marignane na ngwụcha afọ 1561 bụ naanị n'ihi na o mebiri iwu eze na nso nso a site n'ibipụta akwụkwọ almanac ya nke afọ 1562 na-enweghị ikike nke bishọp.

Ili Nostradamus dị ugbu a na Collégiale Saint-Laurent na Salon-de-Provence na ndịda France, ebe a kpọgara ozu ya gbasasịrị mgbe 1789 gasịrị

Ihe oyiyi Nostradamus na Salon-de-Provence

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1566, ọrịa Nostradamus, nke na-egbu ya ihe mgbu ruo ọtụtụ afọ ma mee ka ọ sie ike ịgagharị, ghọrọ ọzịza. Na ngwụcha ọnwa Juun, ọ kpọrọ onye ọka iwu ya ka o dee akwụkwọ ikike dị ukwuu nke na-enyefe ihe onwunwe ya na okpueze 3,444 (ihe dị ka US $ 300,000 taa), na-ewepu ụgwọ ole na ole, nye nwunye ya ka ọ na-echere alụmdi na nwunye ya ọzọ, na ntụkwasị obi maka ụmụ ya nwoke ka ha na-echetara ụbọchị ọmụmụ ha nke iri abụọ na ise na ụmụ ya nwanyị ka ha na ụmụ ya na-echera alụmdi na eze. Nke a sochiri codicil dị mkpirikpi. [1] N'uhuruchi nke 1 Julaị, a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ gwara odeakwụkwọ ya Jean de Chavigny, "Ị gaghị ahụ m dị ndụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ". N'ụtụtụ echi ya, a kọrọ na a hụrụ ya nwụrụ anwụ, dina n'ala n'akụkụ àkwà ya na bench (Presage 141 [nke mbụ 152] maka Nọvemba 1567, dị ka Chavigny dezigharịrị ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị iji kwekọọ n'ihe merenụ). [1] [2] E liri ya na ụlọ ekpere Franciscan dị na Salon (akụkụ ya ugbu a sonyere na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ La Brocherie) mana e liri ya ọzọ n'oge French Revolution na Collégiale Saint-Laurent, ebe ili ya ka dị ruo taa.

Ọrụ

Nchịkọta nke nsụgharị Bekee nke Garencières nke 1672 nke Amụma, nke dị na P.I. Nixon Medical History Library nke Mahadum Texas Health Science Center na San Antonio

N'ime Amụma Nostradamus chịkọtara nchịkọta ya nke nnukwu amụma amụma dị ogologo oge.  E bipụtara nkeji nke mbụ na 1555 ma nwee quatrains 353.  A kọrọ na e bipụtara mbipụta nke atọ, nke nwere narị quatrains ọhụrụ narị atọ, na 1558, ma ugbu a ọ dị ndụ dị ka nanị akụkụ nke mbipụta omnibus bụ́ nke e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1568. Nsụgharị a nwere otu quatrains na-agụghị akwụkwọ na 941, bụ́ ndị chịkọtara gaa n'ụdị itoolu.  100 na otu n'ime 42, nke a na-akpọ "Centuries".

N'iburu usoro obibi akwụkwọ n'oge ahụ (nke gụnyere ụdị nhazi sitere na akwụkwọ edemede), ọ nweghị mbipụta abụọ tụgharịrị bụrụ otu, ọ dịkwa ụkọ ịchọta ọbụna mbipụta abụọ bụ otu.  N'ezie, ọ nweghị akwụkwọ ikike iche na-dị ka a ga-abụ "ndị na-emebi koodu" nwere ike ime-na ma ọ bụ ederede ma ọ bụ akara edemede nke mbipụta ọ bụla bụ ndị Nostradamus si malite.[6]

Ndị Almanac, nke kacha ewu ewu n'ime ọrụ ya,[37] ka ebipụtara kwa afọ site na 1550 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.  Ọ na-ebipụta ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'ime otu afọ, nke isiokwu ya bụ Almanachs (amụma zuru ezu), Prognostications ma ọ bụ Presages (amụma n'ozuzu ya).

Nostradamus abụghị naanị onye na-agba afa, kama ọ bụ ọkachamara na-agwọ ọrịa.  A maara na o dere opekata mpe akwụkwọ abụọ gbasara sayensị ahụike.  Otu bụ nsụgharị n'efu (ma ọ bụ karịa nkọwa) nke The Protreptic of Galen ( Paraphrase de C. GALIEN, sus l'Exhortation de Menodote aux estudes des bonnes Artz, mesmement Medicine), na n'ihe a na-akpọ Traité des fardemens (  n'ụzọ bụ́ isi akwụkwọ nri ọgwụ nke nwere, ọzọkwa, ihe ndị a gbaziri karịsịa site n'aka ndị ọzọ), o tinyere nkọwa nke ụzọ o si agwọ ọrịa ahụ, gụnyere ịgbasa ọbara, nke o doro anya na ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ọrụ.[1]  Otu akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọwakwa nkwadebe nke ihe ịchọ mma.

Ihe odide a na-akpọkarị Orus Apollo dịkwa n'ọbá akwụkwọ gọọmentị Lyon, ebe a na-echekwa ihe karịrị akwụkwọ mbụ 2,000 metụtara Nostradamus n'okpuru ọchịchị Michel Chomarat.  Ọ bụ nsụgharị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ọrụ Grik oge ochie na hieroglyphs ndị Ijipt gbadoro ụkwụ na nsụgharị Latin ndị e mesịrị, ha niile na-enwe mwute na ha amaghị ezi ihe odide Ijipt oge ochie pụtara, nke a na-akọwapụtaghị nke ọma ruo mgbe Champollion na narị afọ nke 19.[39]

Kemgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ bụ naanị amụma ndị ahụ ka na-ewu ewu, ma na nke a, ha adịwo n'ụzọ pụrụ iche.  Ihe karịrị mbipụta narị abụọ n'ime ha apụtawo n'oge ahụ, yana ihe karịrị 2,000 nkọwa.  Nnọgidesi ike ha n'ọdịbendị a ma ama yiri ka ọ bụ otu akụkụ n'ihi na enweghị isi na enweghị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịhota ha na nhọrọ ma emechaa ihe omume ọ bụla dị egwu wee chegharịa na ha bụ "hits"[40].

Mmalite nke ndi Amụma

Theophilus de Garencières, onye ntụgharị Bekee mbụ nke Amụma

Nostradamus kwuru na ọ dabere n'amụma ya e bipụtara na ịgụ kpakpando nke ikpe - ikpe kpakpando 'ikpe', ma ọ bụ ntule, nke 'ịdị mma' (ma si otú ahụ nwere ike) nke ihe omume dị ka ọmụmụ, agbamakwụkwọ, okpueze wdg.—ma ndị ọkachamara na-agụ kpakpando katọrọ nke ukwuu.  ụbọchị dị ka Laurens Videl[42] maka enweghị ike na maka iche na "horoscopy comparative" (ntụnyere nhazi nke mbara ala n'ọdịnihu na ndị na-eso ihe omume gara aga mara) nwere ike ịkọ ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu.[43]

Nnyocha na-egosi na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ amụma ya kọwara nchịkọta nke amụma ọgwụgwụ ụwa oge ochie (nke bụ́ ndị dabeere na Bible), bụ́ ndị e ji ntụnyere ihe ndị mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere eme gbakwunyere, ma mesịa kọwaa ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu n'akụkụ akụkụ nke amụma ndị ahụ.  enyemaka nke horoscopy comparative.  N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ amụma ndị metụtara ndị oge ochie dị ka Sulla, Gaius Marius, Nero, na ndị ọzọ, yana nkọwa ya banyere "agha dị n'ígwé ojii" na "frogs na-ada site na mbara igwe" [44].  Astrology n'onwe ya ka a kpọtụrụ aha nanị ugboro abụọ na mmalite nke Nostradamus na ugboro 41 na narị afọ n'onwe ha, ma ọtụtụ ugboro n'akwụkwọ ozi nraranye ya nye Eze Henry nke Abụọ.  Na narị afọ nke isii ikpeazụ ya, ọ na-awakpo ndị na-agụ kpakpando kpọmkwem.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya gụnyere akụkụ ndị a na-ahụkarị site na Livy, Suetonius' The Twelve Caesars, Plutarch na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie ndị ọzọ, yana site na ndị na-ede akụkọ ihe mere anya dị ka Geoffrey nke Villehardouin na Jean Froissart. A na-ewere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya nke ịgụ kpakpando n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okwu n'okwu site na Livre de l'estat et mutations des temps nke 1549-50 nke Richard Roussat.

Otu n'ime isi akwụkwọ amụma ya bụ ihe doro anya na Mirabilis Liber nke 1522, nke nwere ọtụtụ amụma sitere n'aka Pseudo-Methodius, Tiburtine Sibyl, Joachim nke Fiore, Savonarola na ndị ọzọ (Mmalite ya nwere nkwubi okwu 24 nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, naanị abụọ n'usoro.  nke Savonarola na-eji).  Akwụkwọ a enweela nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na 1520s, mgbe ọ gafere ọkara mbipụta iri na abụọ, mana ọ kwadoghị mmetụta ya, ikekwe n'ihi ederede Latin ya kachasị (agwakọtara ya na Greek oge ochie na French ọgbara ọhụrụ na Provençal), [1] Gothic script.  na ọtụtụ ndebiri ndebiri.  Nostradamus bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ kọgharịrị amụma ndị a n'asụsụ French, nke nwere ike ịkọwa ihe mere e ji kweta na ọ bụ ya.  Echiche nke ọgbara ọhụrụ nke plagiarism emetụtaghị na narị afọ nke 16;  Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-edegharịkarị ma na-edegharị akụkụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na-enweghị nkwenye, ọkachasị site na oge ochie.  Nnyocha ọhụrụ e mere na-egosi na ọ pụrụ n'ezie iji akwụkwọ nsọ mee ihe maka nke a—na-ahọpụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ amụma n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma na-ewere ihe ọ na-egosi na ibe ọ bụla ọ dabara na ya.[7]

A nwetara ihe ndị ọzọ site na De honesta disciplina nke 1504 site Petrus Crinitus, [46] nke gụnyere ihe ndị sitere na Michael Psellos's De daemonibus, na De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum (Banyere ihe omimi nke Ijipt), akwụkwọ na anwansi ndị Kaldia na Asiria nke Iamblichus dere,  onye Neo-Platonist nke narị afọ nke anọ.  Ebipụtala nsụgharị Latin nke abụọ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Lyon, a kọwakwara ihe ndị sitere na ha abụọ (n'okwu nke abụọ ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ụzọ nkịtị) n'amaokwu abụọ mbụ ya, nke mbụ n'ime ha na-agbakwunyere n'isiokwu a.  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na Nostradamus kwuru na 1555 na ya agbawo ọrụ mgbaasị nile n’ọ́bá akwụkwọ ya, ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ikwu kpọmkwem akwụkwọ ndị e bibiri n’ọkụ a.

Naanị na narị afọ nke 17 ka ndị mmadụ malitere ịhụ na ọ dabeere na mbụ, karịsịa n'akwụkwọ akụkọ oge ochie.[lower-alpha 4]

Ndabere Nostradamus n’ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme pụtara n’eziokwu na ọ jụrụ n’ụzọ doro anya aha “onye amụma” (ya bụ, onye nwere ike ibu amụma nke ya) n’ọtụtụ oge:[47].

   

Nkọwa sitere na peeji nke mbụ nke 1555 (Albi) mbipụta nke Nostradamus's Les Prophéties

N'iburu n'uche na akwụkwọ edemede a, o yighị ka Nostradamus jiri ụzọ ọ bụla banye n'ọnọdụ ọhụụ, ma e wezụga ntụgharị uche, ntụgharị uche na incubation. [1] Nanị nkọwa ya banyere usoro a dị na 'akwụkwọ ozi 41' nke akwụkwọ ozi Latin ya. [2] Akụkọ a ma ama na ọ nwara usoro oge ochie nke ile ọkụ, ile mmiri anya ma ọ bụ ha abụọ n'otu oge dabere na ọgụgụ na-enweghị isi nke amaokwu abụọ mbụ ya, nke na-eji naanị mgbalị ya tụnyere nke oracles Delphic na Branchidic. A na-emegharị nke mbụ n'ime ndị a na ala nke isiokwu a ma enwere ike ịhụ nke abụọ site na ileta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ facsimile dị mkpa (lee External Links). N'ime nraranye ya nye Eze Henry nke Abụọ, Nostradamus kọwara "ịnapụ mkpụrụ obi m, uche na obi m n'enweghị nchegbu, nchegbu na obi erughị ala site na ịdị jụụ na obi iru ala", mana okwu "tripod ọla nchara" nke emume Delphic na-ebute okwu "dị ka ọ dị" (jiri, ọzọ, External References to the original texts).

Nkọwa

Ihe dị n'ime ihe nkiri ahụ

Ọtụtụ n'ime quatrains na-ekwu maka ọdachi, dị ka ihe otiti, ala ọma jijiji, agha, idei mmiri, mwakpo, igbu ọchụ, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, na agha - niile na-enweghị ụbọchị ma dabere na ihe ngosi nke Mirabilis Liber. Ụfọdụ quatrains na-ekpuchi ọdachi ndị a n'ozuzu; ndị ọzọ na-emetụta otu onye ma ọ bụ obere ìgwè mmadụ. Ụfọdụ na-ekpuchi otu obodo, ndị ọzọ ọtụtụ obodo na ọtụtụ mba. Otu isi, isiokwu dị n'okpuru bụ mwakpo na-abịanụ na Europe site n'aka ndị agha Alakụba si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda nke onye na-emegide Kraịst a tụrụ anya ya na-eduzi, na-egosipụta kpọmkwem mwakpo ndị Ottoman na-eme n'oge ahụ na ndị Saracen mbụ, yana atụmanya ndị gara aga nke Mirabilis Liber. [1] A na-egosi ihe ndị a niile n'ihe gbasara njedebe ụwa - ọ bụ ezie na a ekwughị aha ya - nkwenye nke mere ọtụtụ nchịkọta nke amụma oge ọgwụgwụ ndị ahụ, gụnyere echiche ndị a na-echefu. [2] Ndị anyị dere tupu oge niile.

Nkwupụta ndị a ma ama

Ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado Nostradamus kwenyere na amụma ya bụ eziokwu.[57]  N'ihi ọdịdị nke nkọwa ndị a, ọ dịghị mmadụ abụọ n'ime ha kwenyere kpamkpam n'ihe Nostradamus buru n'amụma, ma ọ bụ maka oge gara aga ma ọ bụ n'ọdịnihu.[57]  Ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya kwenyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na o buru amụma banyere Great Fire nke London, Mgbanwe nke French, ịrị elu nke Napoleon na nke Adolf Hitler, [58][lower-alpha 5] agha ụwa abụọ, na mbibi nuklia nke Hiroshima na  Nagasaki.[57][28]  Ndị ode akwụkwọ a ma ama na-ekwukarị na o buru amụma ihe ọ bụla nnukwu ihe mere n'oge akwụkwọ ha bipụtara, dị ka Apollo Moon rutere na 1969, ọdachi Space Shuttle Challenger na 1986, ọnwụ Diana, Princess of Wales na 1997.  , na mwakpo Septemba 11 wakporo World Trade Center na 2001.[28][1]  Akụkụ 'oriri a na ebugharị' yiri ka ọ bụ njirimara nke ụdị.

Ikekwe nke mbụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a na-ewu ewu na Bekee bụ Henry C. Roberts' The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus nke 1947, nke e bipụtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro asaa n'ime afọ iri anọ sochirinụ, nke nwere ma transcriptions na nsụgharị, na nkọwa dị mkpirikpi. Nke a sochiri na 1961 (nke e bipụtara na 1982) site na Nostradamus na Amụma Ya nke Edgar Leoni. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Erika Cheetham's The Prophecies of Nostradamus, na-etinye mbipụta nke mbipụta 1568 nke e bipụtara, dezigharịa ma bipụta ya ugboro ugboro site na 1973 gaa n'ihu, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka The Final Prophecies nke Nostradamus. Nke a bụ ihe ndabere maka ihe ngosi The Man Who Saw Tomorrow ma ha abụọ kwuru n'ezie na mwakpo zuru oke n'ọdịnihu na New York (site na ngwá agha nuklia), ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kpọmkwem na World Trade Center ma ọ bụ na ụbọchị ọ bụla.

E bipụtara nsụgharị abụọ nke Nostradamus: historien et prophète nke Jean-Charles de Fontbrune na 1980, John Hogue ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara Nostradamus site na 1987, gụnyere Nostradamus na Millennium: Predictions of the Future, Nostradamus. The Complete Prophecies (1999) na Nostradamus, A Life and Myth (2003). N'afọ 1992, otu onye na-akọwa ihe nke kwuru na ya nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ Nostradamus n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ mere ka ọ "kọwaa" amaokwu nke ya X.6 (amụma kpọmkwem banyere idei mmiri na ndịda France gburugburu obodo Nîmes na ndị mmadụ na-agbaba na colosseum ya, ma ọ bụ Colosseum, ụlọ egwuregwu Rom a maara ugbu a dị ka Arènes) dị ka amụma nke mwakpo a na-enweghị ụbọchị na Pentagon, n'agbanyeghị nkwupụta doro anya nke onye ọhụụ ahụ nyere Eze Henri nke Abụọ na amụma ya bụ Europe, North Africa na akụkụ nke Asia Minor.

Ewezuga Roberts, akwụkwọ ndị a na ọtụtụ ndị na-eṅomi ha na-ewu ewu fọrọ nke nta ka ha bụrụ otu, ọ bụghị naanị maka ike amụma Nostradamus kamakwa n'ichepụta akụkụ ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke akụkọ ndụ ya a sị na ọ bụ: na ọ bụ nwa agbụrụ Israel nke Issachar; ndị nna nna ya, ndị ha abụọ bụ ndị dọkịta n'ụlọ ikpe nke Ezigbo Eze René nke Provence; ọ gara Mahadum Montpellier na 1525 iji nweta akara mbụ ya; mgbe ọ laghachiri ebe ahụike n'ọdịnihu, ọ kwadoro ya na ngalaba ahụike, ọ kwadokwara ya, ọ kwadogha, ọ kwadebere ya dị iche iche; ọ kwadoro usoro ọgwụ ya dị iche; ọ ga-eme ihe ịga nke Vk, ọ kwadob. A na-eto ya maka ịgwọ ọrịa ahụ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma na Aix-en-Provence na ebe ndị ọzọ; ọ na-etinye aka na mkpu, na-eji enyo anwansi ma ọ bụ efere mmiri; odeakwụkwọ ya Chavigny sonyeere ya na Ista 1554; ebe o bipụtara akụkụ mbụ nke Amụma ya, Queen Catherine de 'Medici kpọrọ ya na Paris na 1556 iji kwurịta amụma ya na quatrain I.35 na di ya ga-egbu ya na duel; ọ bụ kpọmkwem ka ọ hụrụ na mmalite nke mgbanwe ahụ ka ọ ga-egbu nwa ya dị ka ọ gafere n'oge ọ bụ onye amụma nke French Revolution; ọ hụrụ na-abụ onye eze ukwu ọ nwụrụ na mmalite. Pepys dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya a ma ama akụkọ ifo na, tupu ọnwụ ya, Nostradamus mere ka ndị obodo ahụ ṅụọ iyi na a gaghị emetụta ili ya; mana na afọ 60 ka e mesịrị, a chọtara ihe nchara n'obi ya na-ekwu n'ụzọ ziri ezi ụbọchị na oge mgbe a ga-emeghe ili ya ma kọọrọ ndị na-egwupụta ozu ya ọnụ.

N'afọ 2000, Li Hongzhi kwuru na amụma 1999 na X.72 bụ amụma nke mkpagbu Falun Gong nke China nke malitere na July 1999, na-eduga n'inwe mmasị dị ukwuu na Nostradamus n'etiti ndị òtù Falun Gong.

Nkwupụta nke ndị ọkà mmụta

Site na 1980s gaa n'ihu, mmeghachi omume agụmakwụkwọ malitere, ọkachasị na France. Mbipụta na 1983 nke akwụkwọ ozi onwe onye nke Nostradamus [1] na, n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, nke mbipụta mbụ nke 1555 na 1557 nke Chomarat na Benazra chọpụtara, tinyere nchọpụta nke ọtụtụ ihe ncheta mbụ [2] [3] kpughere na ọtụtụ ihe a na-azọrọ banyere Nostradamus adabaghị na eziokwu ndị edere. Ndị ọkà mmụta [1] [2] [3] [4] kpughere na ọ dịghị otu n'ime nkwupụta ndị edepụtara na ihe akaebe ọ bụla a maara n'oge a kwadoro. O doro anya na ọtụtụ n'ime ha dabeere na asịrị na-enweghị isi nke ndị na-akọwa ihe mgbe e mesịrị, dị ka Jaubert (1656), Guynaud (1693) na Bareste (1840); na nghọtahie nke oge a nke ederede French nke narị afọ nke iri na isii; ma ọ bụ na ihe e mepụtara. Ọbụna aro a na-ekwukarị na quatrain I.35 buru amụma banyere ọnwụ Eze Henry nke Abụọ n'ezie apụtaghị na mbipụta na nke mbụ ya ruo 1614, afọ 55 mgbe ihe omume ahụ gasịrị.

Ndị na-enwe obi abụọ dị ka James Randi na-atụ aro na aha ya dị ka onye amụma bụ nke ndị na-akwado ya n'oge a na-eme ka okwu ya kwekọọ na ihe omume ndị merela ma ọ bụ ndị dị nso nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume, usoro a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ "retroactive clairvoyance" (postdiction). Enweghị Nostradamus quatrain a maara na a kọwara ya dị ka ịkọ ihe omume a kapịrị ọnụ tupu ya emee, ma e wezụga n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya, okwu n'ozuzu nke nwere ike itinye aka na ọtụtụ ihe omume ndị ọzọ. [1] Nke a na-emetụta ọbụna quatrains nwere ụbọchị ụfọdụ, dị ka III.77, nke na-ebu amụma "na 1727, n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị Ijipt ga-ejide eze Peasia" - amụma nke, dị ka ọ dị ka ọ bụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa n'etiti ihe omume ndị Ottoman na afọ a makwaara n'etiti alaeze ukwu ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, amụma Nostradamus a ma ama "1999" na X.72 (lee Nostradamus na omenala a ma ama) akọwaghị ihe omume ọ bụla ndị na-akọwa ihe nwere ike ịchọpụta ma ọ bụ tupu ma ọ bụ kemgbe, ma e wezụga site n'ịgbanwe okwu iji kwekọọ n'ọtụtụ ihe na-emegiderịta onwe ha na-eme dị ka "hits". [1] Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị quatrain na-atụ aro, dị ka akwụkwọ na fim na mmalite nke ụwa a na-ekwu ugbu a na-akpọ Mayan, na-ekwu na-ekwu, na nrite ga-agbatị na December 375 kwuru na 2012 .

Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị ọkà mmụta ekwuola na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nsụgharị Bekee niile nke quatrains nke Nostradamus bụ nke dị oke njọ: ha yiri ka ha na-egosipụta obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma nke narị afọ nke iri na isii, ha na-enwekarị ọchịchọ, ma na-akpachara anya gbanwee ha mgbe ụfọdụ iji mee ka ha kwekọọ na ihe omume ọ bụla onye nsụgharị ahụ kwenyere na ha kwesịrị izo aka (ma ọ bụ vice versa). [1] [2] Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dabeere na mbipụta mbụ: Roberts dabeere n'ihe odide ya na nke 1672, Cheetham na Hogue na mbipụta nke 1568. Ọbụna Leoni kwetara na peeji nke 115 na ọ hụtụbeghị mbipụta mbụ, na peeji ndị gara aga, o gosipụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndekọ ndụ ya enweghị isi.

Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime nyocha na nkatọ a ka ọtụtụ ndị na-akọwa asụsụ Bekee maara na mbụ, site na ụbọchị mgbe ha na-ede na, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, asụsụ e ji dee ya. [1] Hogue nọ n'ọnọdụ iji ya mee ihe, mana ọ bụ naanị na 2003 ka ọ kwetara na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe akụkọ ndụ ya mbụ bụ n'ezie apọkrịfa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụfọdụ n'ime isi mmalite ndị e depụtara na nso nso a (Lemesurier, Gruber, Wilson) anọwo na-akatọkarị banyere mgbalị ndị ọzọ nke ụfọdụ ndị edemede a na-amaghị nke ọma na ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi Ịntanetị iji wepụta ihe zoro ezo site na ederede, ma ọ bụ site na enyemaka nke anagrams, koodu ọnụọgụ, eserese ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ.

A na-achọta ebubo ọzọ na njikọ ya na mgbasa ozi ndị Nazi. A kọrọ na Goebbels kwuru na ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ Nostradamus bụ ihe atụ nke Reich nke Atọ. A na-ekwu na emere nke a iji mee ka ọ dị ka ọchịchị mmeri 1,000 nke ndị Germany nke a tụrụ anya ya n'okpuru Nazism bụ nke Nostradamus buru amụma. Karịsịa, a gbakwunyere ahịrị na-ezo aka na "ndị na-eguzo n'okpuru akara nke obe gbagọrọ agbagọ" dị ka ihe na-ezochi ndị Germany guzo n'oge ọkọlọtọ Nazi na swastika ya. A kọrọ na Goebbels tinyere akara ahụ n'ime mpịakọta mbụ nke ọrụ Nostradamus, mpịakọ ndị a kụrụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ gafee Europe ndị Nazi weghaara ka akara ahụ wee yie ihe a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi.

N'omenala a ma ama

Amụma ndị Nostradamus kwughachiri ma gbasaa bụ ndị a ma ama na narị afọ nke 20 na nke 21. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ narị akwụkwọ (ma akụkọ ifo ma akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo), e gosipụtara ndụ Nostradamus n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na vidiyo, ndụ ya na ihe odide ya na-aga n'ihu ịbụ isiokwu nke mmasị mgbasa ozi.

Hụkwa zie

• Alchemy
• Ndepụta nke ndị na-agụ kpakpando
• Ihe Omimi
• Roger Frontenac
• Obi abụọ sayensị

• Nostradamus, Michel::Orus Apollo, 1545 (?), unpublished ms; Almanachs, Presages and Pronostications, 1550–1567; Ein Erschrecklich und Wunderbarlich Zeychen..., Nuremberg, 1554; Les Propheties, Lyon, 1555, 1557, 1568; Traite des fardemens et des confitures, 1555, 1556, 1557; Paraphrase de C. Galen sus l'exhortation de Menodote, 1557; Lettre de Maistre Michel Nostradamus, de Salon de Craux en Provence, A la Royne mere du Roy, 1566
• Chantal Liaroutzos, "Les prophéties de Nostradamus : suivez la Guide", in Réforme, Humanisme et Renaissance, 23 (1986), Lyon, entirely available on Persée Templeeti:Webarchive. (Revealed that toponymic enfilades in the Prophecies, and in particular that in the famous Varennes quatrain, were certainly borrowed from the Guide des Chemins de France, by Charles Estienne.)
• Benazra (1990). Répertoire chronologique nostradamique: 1545–1989 (in fr). Éd. la Grande conjonction. ISBN 978-2-85707-418-2. 
• Brind'Amour (1993). Nostradamus astrophile: les astres et l'astrologie dans la vie et l'œuvre de Nostradamus (in fr). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. ISBN 978-2-252-02896-4.  (This book revealed Nostradamus' borrowings from the De honesta disciplina, by Petrus Crinitus.)
• Brind'Amour (1996). Les premières centuries, ou, Prophéties: (édition Macé Bonhomme de 1555) (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-00138-0. 
• Chevignard (1999). Présages de Nostradamus. Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-035960-3. 
• Chomarat (1989). Bibliographie Nostradamus: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Koerner. ISBN 978-3-87320-123-1. 
• Clébert (2003). Prophéties de Nostradamus: les centuries : texte intégral (1550–1568) (in fr). Relié. ISBN 978-2-914916-35-6. 
• Dupèbe (1983). Lettres inédites (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-03107-3. 
• Gruber (2003). Nostradamus: Sein Leben, sein Werk und die wahre Bedeutung seiner Prophezeiungen (in de). Scherz Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-502-15280-4. 
• Lemesurier (1999). The Nostradamus Encyclopedia: The Definitive Reference Guide to the Work and World of Nostradamus. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19994-4. 
• Lemesurier (2003). The Unknown Nostradamus: The Essential Biography for His 500th Birthday. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2003b). Nostradamus: The Illustrated Prophecies. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2010). Nostradamus, Bibliomancer: The Man, the Myth, the Truth. Career PressInc. ISBN 978-1-60163-132-9. 
• Leoni (1961). Nostradamus and his prophecies. Dover Publications. 
• Leroy [1972] (1993). Nostradamus: Ses origines, sa vie, son oeuvre (in fr). Jeanne Laffitte. ISBN 978-2-86276-231-9. 
• Meissner (1980). Magda Goebbels: A Biography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283986352. 
• Prévost (1999). Nostradamus, le mythe et la réalité: un historien au temps des astrologues. le Grand livre du mois. ISBN 978-2-7028-3581-4. 
• Randi (1990). The mask of Nostradamus. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19056-3. 
• Rollet (1993). Interprétation des hiéroglyphes de Horapollo (in fr). M. Petit. 
• Watts (1985). Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus' 'Enterprise of the Indies. American Historical Review. 
• Wilson (2003). Nostradamus: The Evidence. Orion Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-7528-4279-0. 

Ihe edeturu

• Nostradamus, Michel::Orus Apollo, 1545 (?), unpublished ms; Almanachs, Presages and Pronostications, 1550–1567; Ein Erschrecklich und Wunderbarlich Zeychen..., Nuremberg, 1554; Les Propheties, Lyon, 1555, 1557, 1568; Traite des fardemens et des confitures, 1555, 1556, 1557; Paraphrase de C. Galen sus l'exhortation de Menodote, 1557; Lettre de Maistre Michel Nostradamus, de Salon de Craux en Provence, A la Royne mere du Roy, 1566
• Chantal Liaroutzos, "Les prophéties de Nostradamus : suivez la Guide", in Réforme, Humanisme et Renaissance, 23 (1986), Lyon, entirely available on Persée Templeeti:Webarchive. (Revealed that toponymic enfilades in the Prophecies, and in particular that in the famous Varennes quatrain, were certainly borrowed from the Guide des Chemins de France, by Charles Estienne.)
• Benazra (1990). Répertoire chronologique nostradamique: 1545–1989 (in fr). Éd. la Grande conjonction. ISBN 978-2-85707-418-2. 
• Brind'Amour (1993). Nostradamus astrophile: les astres et l'astrologie dans la vie et l'œuvre de Nostradamus (in fr). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. ISBN 978-2-252-02896-4.  (This book revealed Nostradamus' borrowings from the De honesta disciplina, by Petrus Crinitus.)
• Brind'Amour (1996). Les premières centuries, ou, Prophéties: (édition Macé Bonhomme de 1555) (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-00138-0. 
• Chevignard (1999). Présages de Nostradamus. Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-035960-3. 
• Chomarat (1989). Bibliographie Nostradamus: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Koerner. ISBN 978-3-87320-123-1. 
• Clébert (2003). Prophéties de Nostradamus: les centuries : texte intégral (1550–1568) (in fr). Relié. ISBN 978-2-914916-35-6. 
• Dupèbe (1983). Lettres inédites (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-03107-3. 
• Gruber (2003). Nostradamus: Sein Leben, sein Werk und die wahre Bedeutung seiner Prophezeiungen (in de). Scherz Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-502-15280-4. 
• Lemesurier (1999). The Nostradamus Encyclopedia: The Definitive Reference Guide to the Work and World of Nostradamus. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19994-4. 
• Lemesurier (2003). The Unknown Nostradamus: The Essential Biography for His 500th Birthday. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2003b). Nostradamus: The Illustrated Prophecies. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2010). Nostradamus, Bibliomancer: The Man, the Myth, the Truth. Career PressInc. ISBN 978-1-60163-132-9. 
• Leoni (1961). Nostradamus and his prophecies. Dover Publications. 
• Leroy [1972] (1993). Nostradamus: Ses origines, sa vie, son oeuvre (in fr). Jeanne Laffitte. ISBN 978-2-86276-231-9. 
• Meissner (1980). Magda Goebbels: A Biography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283986352. 
• Prévost (1999). Nostradamus, le mythe et la réalité: un historien au temps des astrologues. le Grand livre du mois. ISBN 978-2-7028-3581-4. 
• Randi (1990). The mask of Nostradamus. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19056-3. 
• Rollet (1993). Interprétation des hiéroglyphes de Horapollo (in fr). M. Petit. 
• Watts (1985). Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus' 'Enterprise of the Indies. American Historical Review. 
• Wilson (2003). Nostradamus: The Evidence. Orion Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-7528-4279-0. 

Edensibia

Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

• Nostradamus, Michel::Orus Apollo, 1545 (?), unpublished ms; Almanachs, Presages and Pronostications, 1550–1567; Ein Erschrecklich und Wunderbarlich Zeychen..., Nuremberg, 1554; Les Propheties, Lyon, 1555, 1557, 1568; Traite des fardemens et des confitures, 1555, 1556, 1557; Paraphrase de C. Galen sus l'exhortation de Menodote, 1557; Lettre de Maistre Michel Nostradamus, de Salon de Craux en Provence, A la Royne mere du Roy, 1566
• Chantal Liaroutzos, "Les prophéties de Nostradamus : suivez la Guide", in Réforme, Humanisme et Renaissance, 23 (1986), Lyon, entirely available on Persée Templeeti:Webarchive. (Revealed that toponymic enfilades in the Prophecies, and in particular that in the famous Varennes quatrain, were certainly borrowed from the Guide des Chemins de France, by Charles Estienne.)
• Benazra (1990). Répertoire chronologique nostradamique: 1545–1989 (in fr). Éd. la Grande conjonction. ISBN 978-2-85707-418-2. 
• Brind'Amour (1993). Nostradamus astrophile: les astres et l'astrologie dans la vie et l'œuvre de Nostradamus (in fr). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. ISBN 978-2-252-02896-4.  (This book revealed Nostradamus' borrowings from the De honesta disciplina, by Petrus Crinitus.)
• Brind'Amour (1996). Les premières centuries, ou, Prophéties: (édition Macé Bonhomme de 1555) (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-00138-0. 
• Chevignard (1999). Présages de Nostradamus. Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-035960-3. 
• Chomarat (1989). Bibliographie Nostradamus: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Koerner. ISBN 978-3-87320-123-1. 
• Clébert (2003). Prophéties de Nostradamus: les centuries : texte intégral (1550–1568) (in fr). Relié. ISBN 978-2-914916-35-6. 
• Dupèbe (1983). Lettres inédites (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-03107-3. 
• Gruber (2003). Nostradamus: Sein Leben, sein Werk und die wahre Bedeutung seiner Prophezeiungen (in de). Scherz Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-502-15280-4. 
• Lemesurier (1999). The Nostradamus Encyclopedia: The Definitive Reference Guide to the Work and World of Nostradamus. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19994-4. 
• Lemesurier (2003). The Unknown Nostradamus: The Essential Biography for His 500th Birthday. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2003b). Nostradamus: The Illustrated Prophecies. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2010). Nostradamus, Bibliomancer: The Man, the Myth, the Truth. Career PressInc. ISBN 978-1-60163-132-9. 
• Leoni (1961). Nostradamus and his prophecies. Dover Publications. 
• Leroy [1972] (1993). Nostradamus: Ses origines, sa vie, son oeuvre (in fr). Jeanne Laffitte. ISBN 978-2-86276-231-9. 
• Meissner (1980). Magda Goebbels: A Biography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283986352. 
• Prévost (1999). Nostradamus, le mythe et la réalité: un historien au temps des astrologues. le Grand livre du mois. ISBN 978-2-7028-3581-4. 
• Randi (1990). The mask of Nostradamus. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19056-3. 
• Rollet (1993). Interprétation des hiéroglyphes de Horapollo (in fr). M. Petit. 
• Watts (1985). Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus' 'Enterprise of the Indies. American Historical Review. 
• Wilson (2003). Nostradamus: The Evidence. Orion Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-7528-4279-0. 

Ebe e si nweta ya

• Nostradamus, Michel::Orus Apollo, 1545 (?), unpublished ms; Almanachs, Presages and Pronostications, 1550–1567; Ein Erschrecklich und Wunderbarlich Zeychen..., Nuremberg, 1554; Les Propheties, Lyon, 1555, 1557, 1568; Traite des fardemens et des confitures, 1555, 1556, 1557; Paraphrase de C. Galen sus l'exhortation de Menodote, 1557; Lettre de Maistre Michel Nostradamus, de Salon de Craux en Provence, A la Royne mere du Roy, 1566
• Chantal Liaroutzos, "Les prophéties de Nostradamus : suivez la Guide", in Réforme, Humanisme et Renaissance, 23 (1986), Lyon, entirely available on Persée Templeeti:Webarchive. (Revealed that toponymic enfilades in the Prophecies, and in particular that in the famous Varennes quatrain, were certainly borrowed from the Guide des Chemins de France, by Charles Estienne.)
• Benazra (1990). Répertoire chronologique nostradamique: 1545–1989 (in fr). Éd. la Grande conjonction. ISBN 978-2-85707-418-2. 
• Brind'Amour (1993). Nostradamus astrophile: les astres et l'astrologie dans la vie et l'œuvre de Nostradamus (in fr). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. ISBN 978-2-252-02896-4.  (This book revealed Nostradamus' borrowings from the De honesta disciplina, by Petrus Crinitus.)
• Brind'Amour (1996). Les premières centuries, ou, Prophéties: (édition Macé Bonhomme de 1555) (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-00138-0. 
• Chevignard (1999). Présages de Nostradamus. Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-035960-3. 
• Chomarat (1989). Bibliographie Nostradamus: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles. Koerner. ISBN 978-3-87320-123-1. 
• Clébert (2003). Prophéties de Nostradamus: les centuries : texte intégral (1550–1568) (in fr). Relié. ISBN 978-2-914916-35-6. 
• Dupèbe (1983). Lettres inédites (in fr). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-03107-3. 
• Gruber (2003). Nostradamus: Sein Leben, sein Werk und die wahre Bedeutung seiner Prophezeiungen (in de). Scherz Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-3-502-15280-4. 
• Lemesurier (1999). The Nostradamus Encyclopedia: The Definitive Reference Guide to the Work and World of Nostradamus. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19994-4. 
• Lemesurier (2003). The Unknown Nostradamus: The Essential Biography for His 500th Birthday. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2003b). Nostradamus: The Illustrated Prophecies. John Hunt Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903816-48-6. 
• Lemesurier (2010). Nostradamus, Bibliomancer: The Man, the Myth, the Truth. Career PressInc. ISBN 978-1-60163-132-9. 
• Leoni (1961). Nostradamus and his prophecies. Dover Publications. 
• Leroy [1972] (1993). Nostradamus: Ses origines, sa vie, son oeuvre (in fr). Jeanne Laffitte. ISBN 978-2-86276-231-9. 
• Meissner (1980). Magda Goebbels: A Biography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283986352. 
• Prévost (1999). Nostradamus, le mythe et la réalité: un historien au temps des astrologues. le Grand livre du mois. ISBN 978-2-7028-3581-4. 
• Randi (1990). The mask of Nostradamus. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19056-3. 
• Rollet (1993). Interprétation des hiéroglyphes de Horapollo (in fr). M. Petit. 
• Watts (1985). Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus' 'Enterprise of the Indies. American Historical Review. 
• Wilson (2003). Nostradamus: The Evidence. Orion Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-7528-4279-0. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Gerson (2012). Nostradamus: How an Obscure Renaissance Astrologer Became the Modern Prophet of Doom. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-31261368-6. OCLC 823711679. 
• Huchon (2021). Nostradamus, French, Gallimard. ISBN 978-2-07013801-2. 
• Laver (1942). Nostradamus, or The Future Foretold. Collins. 
• Mcmann (2018). Nostradamus, The Man Who Saw Through Time. A & D Publishing. ISBN 978-1-51543771-0. OCLC 103357083. 
• Smoley (2010). The essential Nostradamus: Literal translation, Historical commentary, and Biography. New York: Tarcher/Penguin. ISBN 978-1-58542794-9. OCLC 441177954. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Ọrụ zuru ezu nke Nostradamus (Holybooks.com, PDF e-akwụkwọ)
•  
• Nostradamus.org (2021 archive)
• Works by Nostradamus at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)