Ihe owuwu nke Sudan
| obere ụdị nke | architecture of the Earth  |
|---|---|
| Akụkụ nke | culture of Sudan |
| ihu nke | Sudan |
| mba/obodo | Sudan |
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Ihe owuwu nke Sudan na-egosipụta ọdịdị ala, agbụrụ na ọdịbendị dị iche iche nke obodo na oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Ụdị ndụ na omenala ihe onwunwe egosipụtara na ebe obibi mmadụ, ihe owuwu ha na ọrụ akụ na ụba ejiriwo ọnọdụ mpaghara na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche mee ihe. N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ya ogologo oge, Sudan abụrụla ala nke mgbanwe na ụdị dị iche iche nke mmepeanya mmadụ nwere mmetụta dị mkpa sitere na omenala mba ọzọ.
Ihe owuwu ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mbụ amara ama na ime obodo na-alaghachi na narị afọ nke asatọ TOA. Mmekọrịta omenala ya na agbataobi ugwu Sudan nke Egypt ochie, bụ nke ya na ya na-ekerịta ogologo oge akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmetụta ọ bụla, wetara ma ndị Ijipt yana ebe obibi Nubian nke ọma na ụlọ arụsị na pyramid nke pụtara na Alaeze Kush na isi obodo Meroë ikpeazụ.
Site na gburugburu 500 CE ruo ihe dịka 1500 OA, alaeze ndị Kraịst nọ na-eme nke ọma na Upper Nubia na n'akụkụ ndịda n'akụkụ osimiri Naịl. Ha wuru obodo ndị dị mkpa, mara site na omenala ha na-eme nke ọma, nwere ebe obibi ndị mọnk, obí eze na obodo ndị nwere mgbidi na katidral, na-egosi mmetụta nke omenala Coptic na Byzantine sitere na Egypt na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Mediterranean . [1]
N'ịgbaso mmetụta na-arịwanye elu nke ndị Arab Muslim na-akwaga na narị afọ nke asaa gaa n'ihu, alaeze Ndị Kraịst nke Makuria guzobere Baqt, nkwekọrịta ya na ndị ọchịchị Alakụba nke Egypt na-enye ndị Alakụba ohere ịzụ ahịa na njem n'efu. Nke a zụtara ihe gbasara ntọala mbụ nke ụlọ alakụba na ebe a na-eli ozu na Upper Nubia, edepụtara site na 1317 OA gaa n'ihu. Site na ihe dịka 1500 OA na rue mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ndị Alakụba Alakụba nke Funji na nke Darfur hiwere alaeze ọhụrụ na mpaghara ndịda na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Sudan. Obodo ndị nwere ọganihu dịka Sennar ma ọ bụ Al Fashir nwere ụlọ maka nlekọta na ụlọ nke onwe, ọrụ ugbo na nka, ofufe na ahia, gụnyere ahia ohu . [2]
N'ịbụ nke dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke Blue Nile, obodo Khartoum tolitere dị ka etiti ala Turkey-Ijipt, mana ndị na-eso Mahdi bibiri nke ukwuu na 1885, bụ ndị guzobere isi obodo ha na Omdurman n'ofe White Nile . Na mmalite 1900s, ndị ọchịchị Britain rụgharịrị Khartoum n'okpuru Lord Kitchener, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ obodo Europe ọgbara ọhụrụ . Na 2021, nnukwu Khartoum bụ obodo mepere emepe nwere ihe ruru nde mmadụ isii, nke nwere Khartoum kwesịrị ekwesị, jikọtara ya na àkwà mmiri gafee Blue na White Nile na obodo Khartoum North na Omdurman n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.
Ihe owuwu nke oge a na narị afọ nke 21
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na mmalite narị afọ nke 21, nnukwu ụlọ ọhụrụ dị na Khartoum bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ 5-kpakpando Corinthia, nke mepere na 2009 ma kwadoro ya site n'aka gọọmentị Libya, [3] ma ọ bụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Telecommunications, bụkwa nke 2009. [4] El Mek Nimr Bridge, nke emechara na 2007, na-agafe na Blue Nile n'etiti obodo Khartoum na Khartoum North, na Tuti Bridge na-ewere dị ka àkwà mmiri nkwụsịtụ mbụ na Sudan. [5]
Ụlọ Salam Center maka ịwa ahụ obi, nke ụlọ ọrụ Ịtali mere, mechara na 2010 wee nweta 2013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture . [6] N'otu afọ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Abu Dhabi wuru Greater Nile Petroleum Oil Company Tower . Isi ụlọ nke Open University of Sudan, meghere na 2004 na mpaghara Khartoum nke Arkaweet, bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke ihe owuwu nke oge a na isi obodo.
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El Mek Nimr Bridge -
Nlele nkeKhartoumnweweụlọ oriri na mmeri CorinthianaNaịl na-acha anụnụ anụnụ -
Mepee Mahadum Sudan
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Akụkọ nke Sudan
- Nkà ihe nkiri nke Sudan
- Usoro iheomume nke Khartoum
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].
- ↑ Shinnie (1978). "Christian Nubia.", in J.D. Fage: The Cambridge History of Africa. Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 556–588. ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3.
- ↑ O'Fahey (2007). Darfur. Historical and Contemporary Aspects. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved on 2018-08-23.
- ↑ Fleming. "Sudan's Nile island joins the 21st century", BBC News, 2010-05-18. Retrieved on 2021-05-04. (in en-GB)
- ↑ NTC tower Khartoum. emporis.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved on 2021-05-04.
- ↑ Fleming. "Sudan's Nile island joins the 21st century", BBC News, 2010-05-18. Retrieved on 2021-05-24. (in en-GB)
- ↑ 2013 Aga Khan Award for Architecture recipients announced | Aga Khan Development Network. www.akdn.org. Retrieved on 2022-02-28.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Bani (2005). Critical regionalism: studies on contemporary residential architecture of Khartoum - Sudan.
- Bashir (2007). Modern Architecture in Khartoum 1950-1990, 589–602. DOI:10.13140/2.1.4402.9125. ISBN 978-9957-8602-2-6.
- Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila S. Blair (eds.) "Sudan, Democratic Republic of the." In The Grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1, 978-0-19-537304-2
- Greenlaw, Jean-Pierre (1994) The coral buildings of Suakin: Islamic architecture, planning, design and domestic arrangements in a Red Sea port. 132 pp. London: Kegan Paul International.
- Maillot, M. (2015). The Meroitic Palace and Royal City. Sudan & Nubia, No 19, published by The Sudan Archaeological Research Society. Online publication with many drawings and photographs.
- Osman (2011-08-01). "Architecture in Sudan: The Post–Independence Era (1956-1970). Focus on the Work of Abdel Moneim Mustafa". Docomomo Journal (44): 77–80. DOI:10.52200/44.A.DQKNX1LV. ISSN 2773-1634.
- Welsby (2002). The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile.. The British Museum.. ISBN 0-7141-1947-4.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Vidiyo maka pyramid Sudan na Arts & Culture Google na YouTube
- Foto ndị e gwupụtara n'ala na nrụgharị 3D nke Buhen Fortress
- Akụkọ dị n'azụ mgbidi ụlọ ndị Sudan - akụkọ atụpụtara gbasara ihe owuwu ọgbara ọhụrụ na Khartoum
- Ụlọ nyocha nke Mahadum Khartoum, (1958) ụdị 3D zuru oke na YouTube