Ed Clark
Ed Clark
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 </img> Clark dị ka 1979
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Edward E. Clark (amuru May 4, 1930) bu onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America nke gbara ọsọ maka gọvanọ California na 1978, na maka onye isi ala United States dịka onye nhọpụta nke Libertarian Party na ntuli aka onye isi ala 1980.
ndabere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A Masek Clark na Middleborough, Massachusetts, na 1930. [1] Ọ bụ onye akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ na Tabor Academy, Dartmouth College, wee jiri akara ugo ojiji JD na Harvard Law School . [2] Ọ nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị agha mmirika United States site na 1952 ruo 1954, dị ka onye nri (obere ɔkwan), ma bụrụ onye nchekwa ruo 1965 [1]
Clark ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu ụlọ ọrụ na ARCO, nke mbụ na New York City na mgbe ahụ na Los Angeles. [1] [2] [3] N'otu oge onye Republican na-emesapụ aka, ọ sonyeere Libertarian Party na-esochi nke onye isi ala Richard Nixon nke ọrụ na njikwa njikwa na 1971. [4] Na 1972, ọ bụ onye isi oche mbụ nke Libertarian Party of New York, ma chịkwaa Libertarian Party of California site na 1973 ruo 1974[1] [2]
N'afọ 1970, Clark lụrụ Alicia Garcia, onye na-ahụ maka akwa akwa na Mexico. Ọ bụ onye isi oche kọmitii mba Libertarian site na 1981 ruo 1983. [3] Di na nwunye ahụ bụ ndị na-akwado Los Angeles Opera ogologo oge. [4]
1978 California mkpọsa gọvanọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 1978, Clark ihe dị ka 377,960 votes, 5.5% nke votu a ma ama, n'ọsọ maka ike California . Ọ bụ ebe na onye otu Libertarian Party, ọ rep na votu California dị ka onye nwere onwe ya, n'ihi iwu ime ntọala aka. [5] [6]
Ihe ọzọ na-eduga na ntuli aka na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya (maka California) 5.5% maka Clark bụ mgbasa ozi nnwere onwe ya na-eme n'otu afọ ahụ dị ka atụmatụ 13 na-aga nke ọma nke na-amachi ụtụ isi ihe onwunwe, yana mgbochi mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị Briggs Initiative (Proposition 6). Clark na California Libertarian Party kwadoro nkwado maka Proposition 13 [7] na mmegide Proposition 6 [8] nke abụọ tụgharịrị ndị mmadụ na ntuli aka ndị nwere ike inwe mmasị karị n'ịkwado onye libertarian.
Clark meri Jerry Brown n'ọsọ ahụ, onye e jiri 56.0% họpụta ya ọzọ. Onye nhọpụta Republican Evelle J. Younger nwere 36.5% nke votu ahụ. [9]
1980 mkpọsa onye isi ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 1979 Clark meri nhọpụta onye isi oche Libertarian Party na otu ahụ na Los Angeles, California. O akwụkwọ na mmemme ya, Mmalite Ọhụrụ, na mmeghe nke Eugene McCarthy . N'oge mgbasa ozi ahụ, Clark nwanne onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme udo ma mesie ma nnukwu ego na mbelata ụtụ isi, yana mgbasa ozi na ndị liberals na ndị na-aga n'ihu na-enweghi obi ụtọ naghachighachi. ndebanye aha Service Selective na mmanya ogwe aka na Soviet Union . Akwụkwọ nke Peoria Journal Star nke Peoria, Illinois akwụkwọ Clark. [10]
. [11]Mgbe a mgba ya na Njụ ọnụ iji chịkọta libertarianism, Clark jiri nkebi ahụ bụ "liberalism tax tax," na-ahụakpata anya n'etiti ndị na-achị libertarian omenala, na- Murray Rothbard . [1] [2] Ịgba ọsọ Clark n'etiti bụ nke nkewa n'ime Libertarian Party n'etiti otu ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke Ed Crane na-edu na otu radical nke Rothbard [3] na-edu nke mechara kwụsị. ruo n'isi na 1983, na otu ndị na-agafe agafe na-azụ na 1983. Mgbakọ otu mgbe nhọpụta maka ọdịdị onye isi ala 1984 gara David Bergland
Onye na-agba ọsọ Ed Clark na 1980 bụ David H. Koch nke Koch Industries, [1] bụ onye ikike nke akụ ya na mgbasa ozi maka nhọpụta onye isi oche, na-eme ka tiketi Clark / Koch nwee ike nweta ego onwe ya ma na-agba ọsọ mba. mgbasa ozi.
Clark nkọwa votu 921,128 (1.1% nke mkpokọta mba niile); [1] ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa elu na-abụ nke votu a ma ama nke onye agha agha n'ọsọ onye isi ala ruo mgbe ahụ. Nkwado ya zie ike bụ na Alaska, ebe ọ bịara na nke atọ na 11.7% nke votu, na-emecha n'ihu onye agha ndị John Anderson na-enweta ihe àmà nke nta ka ọ ọkara dị ka ọtụtụ votes dị ka Jimmy. Carter. [2] Ihe ngosi Clark maka ọtụtụ votu nke onye agha ndị Libertarian merie ruo afọ 32 ruo mgbe Gary Johnson mebiri ya na 2012 . Pasent votu Libertarian ya nke 1.1% nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'azụ 3.3% Johnson abusua na 2016 na-egosi 1.2% Jorgensen na 2020. [12] [13] [14]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Register of the Ed Clark papers, 1972-1994. Hoover Institution Library and Archives. Online Archives of California (2012). Retrieved on May 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Libertarian runs for state governor", Oakdale Leader, February 22, 1978, p. 6.
- ↑ Ed & Alicia Clark. Libertarian Party of California. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved on May 29, 2023.
- ↑ Clark. Alicia & Ed Clark. Los Angeles Opera. Retrieved on May 29, 2023.
- ↑ Boaz (May 4, 2020). Happy 90th Birthday, Ed Clark. Cato Institute. Retrieved on May 29, 2023.
- ↑ Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement, New York: Publicaffairs, p. 406
- ↑ Doherty, pp. 405–406
- ↑ Libertarian Review, vol. 7 no. October 9, 1978
- ↑ JoinCalifornia election history for the state of California, November 7, 1978
- ↑ Doherty, p. 414
- ↑ Doherty, pp. 418–421
- ↑ Our Campaigns – US President – Popular Vote Race. www.ourcampaigns.com (November 6, 2012).
- ↑ 2012 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
- ↑ 2016 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Appearances on C-SPAN (2012)
- Appearances on C-SPAN (1996)
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