Rafael Marques de Morais: Ọdịiche dị n'etiti nyochagharị
Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "Rafael Marques de Morais" |
O nweghị ihe dị iche.
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Orübà nà ógè 18:11, 31 Ọgọọst 2024
Rafael Marques de Morais (amụrụ n'afọ 1971 [1]) bụ onye nta akụkọ Angola na onye na-emegide nrụrụ aka [2] [3] onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye mba ụwa maka akụkọ ya gbasara diamond esemokwu na Nrụrụ aka gọọmentị na Angola. Ọ bụ onye isi nke onye na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka Maka Angola ugbu a.[4]
Oge ọ malitere
Mgbe Marques na-etolite, ọnọdụ obodo ya na-akawanye njọ na-ewute ya: "Ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m nụtụrụla banyere ọkàiwu, amaghị m ihe ruuru mmadụ, enweghị echiche nke ịlụ ọgụ nrụrụ aka bụ", ka o mesịrị cheta. "Aghọtara m na ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara m bụ site n'ịbụ onye odeakụkọ."[5]
O nwetara BA (Hons) Anthropology & Media site na Goldsmiths, Mahadum London na MSc na African Studies site na St Antony's College, Mahadum Oxford.[4] Ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na 1992 na akwụkwọ akụkọ steeti Jornal de Angola.
N'oge na-adịghị anya ka o sonyeere Jornal de Angola, Marques dere akụkọ banyere ntuli aka onye isi ala na-abịanụ nke o hotara nkatọ onye ndu mmegide megide dos Santos. O bughị n'obi ka e bipụta nhota ahụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ, mana site na njehie ụfọdụ nke nchịkọta akụkọ ọ pụtara n'akwụkwọ ahụ. A tara Marques ahụhụ site na mbufe na tebụl akụkọ mpaghara. N'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na "ọchịchọ ịgbanye nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-adịghị anabata n'ime akụkọ kachasị njọ", ọ gara n'ihu na-eweda ya ala. Otu ụbọchị, e kenyere ya ide banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ mba kachasị ọhụrụ, ọ gụnyere nyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. "Nke ahụ bụkwa ahịhịa ikpeazụ", o mechara gwa onye nta akụkọ. A chụrụ ya n'ọrụ.[5]
Na 1998 agha obodo Angola maliteghachiri. Na 1999 obere oge ka e bipụtasịrị mpempe echiche "Cannon Fodder" Marques malitere ịnakọta mbinye aka na arịrịọ na-akpọ maka njedebe nke agha ahụ. A wakporo ya na redio na n'akwụkwọ akụkọ.[5]
"Ọkpụkpụ ọnụ nke ọchịchị aka ike"
Na 3 Julaị 1999, magazin a na-ebipụta kwa izu Agora bipụtara edemede nke Marques nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Lipstick of Dictatorship" (egwu egwu sitere na okwu Portuguese maka baton ndị uwe ojii). N'ime ya, ọ katọrọ Onye isi ala Angola José Eduardo dos Santos. Marques kpọrọ Dos Santos onye ọchịchị aka ike ma bo ya ebubo ibibi Angola yana ịkwalite "enweghị ike, nrụrụaka na nrụrụ aka dị ka ụkpụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ọha mmadụ"[5] Mgbe ọnwa atọ gachara, na 16 October, e jidere Marques n'ụlọ ya na Luanda wee bo ya ebubo. nkwutọ.[6]
Ejidere ya ụbọchị iri anọ n'ebuboghị ya, ekwekwaghị ka ọ kpọtụrụ ezinụlọ ya ma ọ bụ onye ọka iwu. N’abalị, “ndị uwe ojii na-abata, kpọtee ya, ma gbalịa ịmanye ya ka ọ bịanye aka n’akwụkwọ ndị na-edoghị anya bụ́ ndị e mesịrị dee akwụkwọ megide ya.” Mgbe ọ jụrụ, ha gọnarị ya nri na mmiri. Marques gara n'ihu ọha na-agụ agụụ. N’ihi ya, a kpọfere ya n’ụlọ mkpọrọ ọzọ, bụ́ ebe e nyere ya nri, ma ebe ọnụ ụlọ ya juputara nke ukwuu nke na “ndị mkpọrọ na-ehi ụra na-adabere n’ahụ́ mgbidi ndị na-akpụ akpụ.”[5][7]
N'ihi nrụgide mba ụwa na-arị elu na Angola site na mbọ nke Open Society Institute, a tọhapụrụ Marques na mgbapụta na 25 November, na ọnọdụ na ọ nọgidere na Luanda ma ghara ịgwa ndị nta akụkọ okwu ma ọ bụ kwuo okwu ọha. Na 15 Disemba, na-enweghị nkọwa, ụlọ ikpe mpaghara Luanda wepụrụ ikpe ya na Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Angola.[5][8][9]
Dị ka kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ si kwuo, ọchịchị dos Santos "malitere mkpọsa nke mkparị megide Marques," na-ehota nkwupụta nke onye omebe iwu Mendes de Carvalho, n'oge 19 January 2000 ndị omeiwu arụmụka banyere nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi, na ọ bụrụ na Marques nọgidere na-akatọ dos Santos. , ọ “gaghị adị ndụ ruo afọ 40.” [9]
Ikpe
A malitere ikpe ya na 9 Maachị 2000. E boro ya ebubo n'okpuru Iwu Angola 7/78, nke a makwaara dị ka Iwu na Mpụ Against State Nche. Kọmiti na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ boro ebubo na “Iwu 7/78 megidere Nkeji edemede 35 nke Iwu Angola 1992, bụ́ nke na-ekwe nkwa nnwere onwe ikwu okwu.”[9]
Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ndokwa ka a nụ ya n’ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, e zighachiri ikpe Marques n’Ụlọikpe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ, bụ́ ebe a nụrụ ya n’ihu Joaquim de Abreu Cangato, onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nzuzo nke Angola nke na-enweghị ọzụzụ gbasara iwu.[6] Na Machị 10, ebigharịrị ikpe ahụ ruo Maachị 21. N'ụbọchị ahụ, Cangato nyere ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri, gụnyere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya US na Portuguese, ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ, na ndị nta akụkọ, pụọ n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ikpe ahụ gara n'ihu na nzuzo.
Na 31 Maachị, a mara Marques ikpe maka ebubo mmetọ nke ndị nta akụkọ, butere “mmerụ ahụ” nye Onye isi ala.[7] A mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii, mana ọ ka nwere onwe ya ruo mgbe mkpegharị ikpe.[10] A tara ya ntaramahụhụ US $17,000.[11]
Ngalaba steeti US kwupụtara nchegbu na Marques enwetabeghị ikpe ziri ezi.[11] Kọmiti na-echekwa ndị nta akụkọ na United States "katọrọ" ndị gbara akwụkwọ.[12] Na 27 Ọktọba, n'okpuru nrụgide mba ụwa, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu gbanwere ikpe Marques ka ọ bụrụ ikpe a kwụsịrị n'ọnọdụ na ọ gaghị ede ihe ọ bụla na-ekwujọ gọọmentị maka afọ ise na-esote.[13] E nyekwara ya iwu ka ọ kwụọ onye isi ala ụgwọ ihe nbibi, ma weghara paspọtụ ya ruo na ngwụcha February 2001.[5][7]
Ọrụ ndị e mere mgbe e mesịrị
Mgbe nkwutọ ahụ gasịrị, Marques lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwụsị Agha Obodo Angola, na-ahazi njikọ nke ndị isi obodo na okpukpe 250 iji kpọọ maka mkpebi udo.[1] N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2001, e jidere ya ọzọ mgbe ọ gachara ndị a chụpụrụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ n'èzí Luanda ya na onye nta akụkọ BBC bụ Justin Pearce; a chụpụla ndị nọ n'ogbe ahụ n'ike n'ógbè dị n'obodo ahụ nke o doro anya na a gbanwere maka mmepe azụmahịa.[5]
N'agbata afọ 1999 na afọ 2002, Marques dere ọtụtụ isiokwu banyere azụmahịa nke diamond esemokwu na Luanda Province na nrụrụ aka na Cabinda Province, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Dị ka Civil Courage Prize ya si kwuo, "nkatọ ya na-enweghị isi banyere obi ọjọọ ndị agha Angola na mmebi nke gọọmentị na ọdịmma mmanụ mba ọzọ tinyere ya n'ihe ize ndụ dị egwu". [1]
N'afọ 2003, o dere Cabinda: A Year of Pain, akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ narị mmegbu nke ikike mmadụ nke ndị agha gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ na-emegbu ndị mmadụ. N'ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, na akwụkwọ Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola nke Septemba 2011, ọ kọwara ogbugbu na iyi egwu nke ndị obodo site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa onwe ha na ndị ọrụ agha Angola n'aha ichebe ọrụ igwu ala. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, o wepụtara mkpesa mpụ na-ebo ndị ọchịagha itoolu nke Angola ebubo mpụ megide mmadụ n'ihe metụtara igwupụta diamond.
N'afọ 2008, o guzobere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-emegide nrụrụ aka a na-akpọ Maka Angola.[6]
Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
Marques esonyewo n'ọtụtụ nzukọ na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe mba ụwa, gụnyere "Transitions: A Conversation with National Leaders," nke Mahadum New York na International Peace Academy kwadoro ma mee na New York na Machị 2005; "Beyond 'Conflict Diamonds:' a New Report on Human Rights and Angolan Diamonds," nke emere na Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars na Washington, DC, na 24 Machị 2005); na "Angola's Oil's Curse," na Post-Nobel Conference for "Oil Revenues From Counting - Blessing?", nke e mere na 17 Disemba 2004. [7][8]
Nkwado
Marques natara Percy Qoboza Award nke US National Association of Black Journalists na 2000.[9] N'afọ 2006, ọ natara Civil Courage Prize site na Northcote Parkinson Fund, nke na-ekweta "iguzogide ihe ọjọọ na nnukwu ihe ize ndụ onwe onye - karịa ike agha". [10] N'afọ 2015, Marques natara onyinye Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award.[11]
N'October 1, 2015, a mara Rafael Marques de Morais dị ka onye natara 2015 Allard Prize for International Integrity, na onye natara ya bụ John Githongo.[12] N'ikwu okwu n'oge a họpụtara ya, Marques kwuru na "Ọ bụ ihe na-akwalite ọrụ m, na nkwụsị dị mkpa na nnọpụiche m na mmekpa ahụ mgbe niile. Ọ na-enyekwa ndị Angola olileanya na ọ dị mkpa ikpughe nrụrụ aka dị ka mmebi iwu na isi ihe otiti nke ọha mmadụ". [13]
Marches kesara 2014 Gerald Loeb Award maka akụkọ azụmahịa mba ụwa maka "The Shortest Route to Riches".[14]
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nyere Marques ihe nrite World Press Freedom Hero, na-aja ya mma maka "nnukwu ọrụ ya ịchụso eziokwu n'agbanyeghị ihe ọ bụla".[15]
Ebensidee
Templeeti:Civil Courage Prize laureates
Njikọ mpụga
- Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Maka Angola
- Rafael MarquesnaX
- Gịnị mere Angola ji kpee onye nta akụkọ Rafael Marques ikpe maka ikpughe mmetọ nke ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ?, Forbes, 12 Nọvemba 2014
Templeeti:GeraldLoebAward International
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006 Civil Courage Prize. Civil Courage Prize (2012). Retrieved on 5 August 2012.
- ↑ Rafael Marques de Morais (August 29, 2012). Growing Wealth, Shrinking Democracy. “Rafael Marques de Morais is a journalist and anti-corruption activist.”
- ↑ Adam Nossiter (November 19, 2011). Fortunes, and Tables, Turn for Portugal and Angola. “But government critics in Angola saw irony in Portugal's quest. "The capital barely has any electricity," said Rafael Marques de Morais, an anticorruption campaigner.”
- ↑ About Us. Maka Angola. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
- ↑ Justin Pearce (14 July 2001). Free Press Threatened in Angola. BBC News. Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
- ↑ Regan-Sachs. Angola: Marques in Angola - the Perils of Speaking Truth to Power. allAfrica. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
- ↑ Rafael Marques on Trial. Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
- ↑ 2006 Civil Courage Prize Honoree. Civil Courage Prize. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
- ↑ Past Special Honors Recipients. National Association of Black Journalists. Retrieved on 5 August 2012.
- ↑ Civil Courage Prize. civilcourageprize.org (2010). Retrieved on 11 May 2011.
- ↑ Angolan Journalist Rafael Marques De Morais Wins Freedom Of Expression Award Days Ahead Of Defamation Trial In Luanda. Forbes.com (2015). Retrieved on 25 March 2015.
- ↑ Rafael Marques De Morais & John Githongo. Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Retrieved on 2 October 2015.
- ↑ Rafael Marques De Morais: Allard Prize Finalist. Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Retrieved on 7 August 2015.
- ↑ UCLA Anderson School of Management Announces 2014 Gerald Loeb Award Winners. UCLA Anderson School of Management (June 24, 2014). Retrieved on January 31, 2019.
- ↑ AfricaNews. "Angolan journalist Rafael Marques named 'World Press Freedom Hero' | Africanews", Africanews. Retrieved on 2018-06-18. (in en)